• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.306-309
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• 2009

MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Network)은 기간망에 의존하지 않는 이동 노드들로 구성된 자율망 또는 추론망 토폴로지에 의한 멀티홉 무선 네트워크이다. MANET을 구성하는 각 노드의 이동성, 속도 그리고 에너지와 같은 다양한 속성정보는 망의 특징과 운영을 결정하는 요인이다. 특히 망의 운영상, 전송 대역폭과 에너지 사용에 따른 제약을 가지며 이러한 특징을 고려한 라우팅 프로토콜의 설계 및 하드웨어 개발이 중요하게 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 계층적 클러스터 구조의 MANET 환경에서 노드의 에너지 속성과 네트워크의 트래픽 상태를 고려한 적응적 시간차 노드관리 기법인 ATICC(Adaptive Time Interval Clustering Control)을 제안한다. 제안된 ATICC은 시간차 노드 관리기법인 TICC(Time Interval Clustering Control)[1]에 기반하며 노드에 최적화된 Active/Sleep, Idle Listening 상태를 적응적으로 설정한 후 패킷을 전송함으로서 계층적 클러스터 내의 각 노드의 균형적인 에너지 소모를 이루는 에너지 효율적인 방식이다. 제안한 노드관리 방법은 기존의 LEACH, TICC과 비교 실험하고 그 성능을 검증하였다. 실험 결과, 제안한 노드관리 방법이 노드별 에너지 소모량을 줄였으며 전체 네트워크의 생존시간을 연장함으로서 기존의 방법 보다 우수함을 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.542-558
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• 2016

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are self-configuring networks where the nodes are vehicles equipped with wireless communication technologies. In such networks, limitation of signal coverage and fast topology changes impose difficulties to the proper functioning of the routing protocols. Traditional Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) routing protocols lose their performance, when communicating between vehicles, compromising information exchange. Obviously, most applications critically rely on routing protocols. Thus, in this work, we propose a methodology for investigating the performance of well-established protocols for MANETs in the VANET arena and, at the same time, we introduce a routing protocol, called Genetic Network Protocol (G-NET). It is based in part on Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR) and on the use of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for maintenance and route optimization. As G-NET update routes periodically, this work investigates its performance compared to DSR and Ad Hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV). For more realistic simulation of vehicle movement in urban environments, an analysis was performed by using the VanetMobiSim mobility generator and the Network Simulator (NS-3). Experiments were conducted with different number of vehicles and the results show that, despite the increased routing overhead with respect to DSR, G-NET is better than AODV and provides comparable data delivery rate to the other protocols in the analyzed scenarios.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.775-784
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• 2008

It is not easy to access very high speed Internet services at sea due to some technical and economical problems. In order to realize the very high speed Internet services at sea like on land, new communication network models based on MANET should be adopted. In this paper, a new MANET model at sea is provided, which considered the ocean environments, and the characteristics and movement of vessels. On the basis of the fact that most vessels navigate on the predetermined courses, which are the shortest paths between source and destination ports in most cases, a type of location oriented routing protocol is proposed in this paper. The Hybrid Course-Based Routing Protocol(HCBR) makes use of the static information such as courses and positions of ports to proactively find the shortest paths not only among ports but also the cross points of courses. HCBR also makes use of the locational information of vessels obtained via GPS and AIS systems to reactively discover the shortest route by which data packets are delivered between them. We have simulated the comparison of the performance of HCBR with those of LAR scheme 1 and scheme2, the most typical protocols using geographical information. The simulation results show that HCBR guarantees the route discovery even without using any control packet. They also show that HCBR is more reliable(40%) and is able to obtain more optimal routes(10%) than LAR scheme1 and scheme2 protocols.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.23-32
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• 2024

Mobile Ad hoc Network is a network of multiple wireless nodes which communicate and exchange information together without any fixed and centralized infrastructure. The core objective for the development of MANET is to provide movability, portability and extensibility. Due to infrastructure less network topology of the network changes frequently this causes many challenges for designing routing algorithms. Many routing protocols for MANET have been suggested for last few years and research is still going on. In this paper we review three main routing protocols namely Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid, performance comparison of Proactive such as DSDV, Reactive as AODV, DSR, TORA and Hybrid as ZRP in different network scenarios including dynamic network size, changing number of nodes, changing movability of nodes, in high movability and denser network and low movability and low traffic. This paper analyzes these scenarios on the performance evaluation metrics e.g. Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Normalized Routing Load(NRL) and End To-End delay(ETE).This paper also reviews various network layer security attacks challenge by routing protocols, detection mechanism proposes to detect these attacks and compare performance of these attacks on evaluation metrics such as Routing Overhead, Transmission Delay and packet drop rates.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39B no.9
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• pp.620-628
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• 2014

Various on-demand manner routing protocols have been proposed for efficient energy consumption in mobile ad-hoc networks. Some of the protocols tried to extend the network lifetime by periodically rerouting paths according to the energy consumption rate of nodes. However, those protocols suffer from frequent flooding and high overhead. This paper proposed a new routing protocol called ALPMR (Adaptive Local Path Modification Routing) that extends the network lifetime by using local path rerouting. The proposed ALPMR protocol performs local rerouting around nodes with little remaining energy as well as data congestion, thus reduces flooding and routing overhead and can extend the network lifetime. The performance of ALPMR protocol is observed using ns-2 simulator.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.195-201
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• 2024

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) became very popular in few years and it has been widely used in research and industry communities. VANET is a collection of wireless vehicle nodes forming a temporary network without using any centralized Road Side Unit (RSU). VANET is a subset of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET). It improves the safety of vehicles. It also supports Intelligent Transportation Systems.Routing is the major component of communication protocols in VANETs. Packets are to be routed from the source node to destination node. Because of frequent topology changes and routing overhead, selection of routing protocol in VANET is a great challenge. There are various routing protocols available for VANET. This paper involves study of Temporally Ordered Routing protocol (TORA) and performance metrics are analyzed with the help of NS2 Simulator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10d
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• pp.59-63
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• 2006

이동 애드 혹 네트워크(Mobile Ad Hoc Network; MANET)는 인프라 없이 빠른 구성이 가능한 네트워크이다. 하지만, 긴급 상황과 같은 특수한 경우가 아닌 일상생활에서 사용 가능한 네트워크로 발전하기 위해서는 MANET과 인터넷의 연결이 꼭 필요하다. 인터넷 노드와 MANET 노드 간의 통신을 가능하게 만드는 것은 인터넷과 MANET을 중계하는 인터넷 게이트웨이를 통해서 이다. 고장 감내(fault tolerance)를 지원하고 대역폭을 늘리기 위해 다중 인터넷 게이트웨이들을 MANET에 배치하여 사용할 수 있다. 다중 게이트웨이들 간의 부하를 잘 분배한다면 네트워크 성능 향상을 얻을 수 있으므로, MANET 내에 여러 개의 인터넷 게이트웨이가 존재할 경우 이들 간의 부하 균등화는 중요한 이슈이다. 본 연구에서는 노드들의 이동이 빈번하고 인터넷 게이트웨이들이 고정되어 있는 MANET 환경에서의 부하 균등화 인터넷 게이트웨이 발견 기법들을 제안한다. 기존에 제안된 부하 균등화 기법들로 Shortest Path (SP), Minimum Load Index(MLI), Running Variance Metric (RVM) 기법들을 소개하고 각 기법들에 대한 시뮬레이션 결과를 제공한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 이들 기법을 분석하여 문제점을 찾아내고 이를 수정 및 보완하여 새로운 기법들을 제안하며, 새로운 기법들의 성능이 기존 기법들에 비하여 향상되었음을 보인다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2009

With rapid growth of Mobile Ad-Hoc network(MANET) and P2P service technologies, many attempts for integration of MANET and P2P service and development of such applications are actively introduced recently. The implementation of stable P2P service, however, is very difficult challenge because of the high mobility of mobile users in MANET. In this paper, we propose an efficient mobile P2P service, which shares and manages multimedia data files efficiently in mobile environment, uses distributed caches to store files considering their popularities in order to achieve high performance. The performance of proposed P2P service is evaluated by an analytic model and compared with those of existing DHT based P2P service in peer-to-peer network.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1214-1221
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• 2007

Ad-hoc network is soft wireless communication network that is consisted of mobile node and clusters without helping of infrastructure. We propose a new ad hoc multicast routing protocol for based on the ontology scheme called inference network. Ontology knowledge-based is one of the structure of context-aware. Proposed structure is consisted of context awareness parameters as like distance between each nodes. The proposed architecture performs two types of routing discovery. One is Flooding Discovery Routing(FDR) for comparing analysis step and Local Discovery Routing(LDR) to compose path of node forecast(preservation) step from node's state value. The inference network structure of proposed RODMRP(Resilient Ontology-based Dynamic Multicast Routing Protocol) adopts a tree structure to enhance an efficient packet in various environment between mobile node. We will have developed an algorithm that will desist multi-hierarchy Layered networks to simulate a desired system.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.50-57
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• 2009

We propose a network node search scheme to address the network fragmentation due to high node mobility in the VANET. VANET is very similar to MANET in that a multi-hop ad-hoc network is configured by wireless communication between vehicles without any network infrastructure. However, high speed mobility, high node density, and frequent topology change induce frequent network fragmentation so that overall network traffic can be increased. In this paper, new broadcasting protocol called an adaptive relay node search protocol is proposed to decrease the network fragmentation. It reduces the network fragmentation and network traffic by researching nodes outside the dangerous area only in case of network fragmentation. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol decreases network fragmentation by up to 39.9% and increase informed rate by up to 41.9% compared to the existing broadcasting protocol.