• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.717-722
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• 2004

Response surface methodology was used to optimize production conditions of monoacylglycerol (MAG) and diacylglycerols (DAG) from corn oil by enzymic glycerolysis. Contents of $1,3-DAG\;(Y_1),\;1,2-DAG\;(Y_2),\;total\;DAG\;(Y_3),\;MAG\;(Y_4)$, and total $DAG+MAG\;(Y_5)$ were obtained. Conditions were optimized using central composite design with incubation temperature $(35-75^{\circ}C,\;X_1)$, incubation time (1-11 hr, $X_2$), and amount of hexane added (0-2 mL, $X_3$) as three variables. Content of 1,3-DAG was maximized by 20.43 area% at incubation temperature of $44.92^{\circ}C$, incubation time of 10.24 hr, and hexane content of 1.16 mL, whereas that of 1,2-DAG (26.78 area%) was maximized at $56.32^{\circ}C$, 6.95 hr, and 1.04 mL, respectively. Predicted maximum total DAG content was 45.09 area% at $53.82^{\circ}C$, 8.03 hr, and 1.08 mL, while production conditions of MAG (9.57 arae%) were $64.14^{\circ}C$, 7.00 hr, and 0.13 mL. At variables of $54.07^{\circ}C$, 7.98 hr, and 1.02 mL, maximum content of total DAG+MAG predicted by RSM was 53.54 area%.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Purpose Respiratory motion during PET/MRI acquisition may result in image blurring and error in measurement for volume and quantification of lesion. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of quantitative accuracy, tumor size and image quality by applying MR based respiratory motion correction technique (MBRMCT) using integrated PET/MR scanner. Materials and Methods Data of 30 patients (aged $62.5{\pm}10.2y$) underwent $^{18}F-FDG$ liver PET/MR (Biograph mMR 3.0T, Siemens) study were collected. PET listmode data for 7 minutes was simultaneously acquired with maximum average gate (MAG), minimum time gate (MTG) and non gate (NG) T1 weighted MR images. Gated PET reconstruction was performed using mu-maps generated from MAG and MTG by setting 35% of efficiency window. Maximum SUV ($SUV_{max}$), peak SUV ($SUV_{peak}$), tumor size and full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the z-axis direction of MAG, MTG and NG PET images were evaluated. Results Compared to NG, mean $SUV_{max}$ and $SUV_{peak}$ were increased in MAG 13.15%(p<0.0001), 8.66%(p<0.0001), MTG 13.27%(p<0.0001), 8.80%(p<0.0001) and mean tumor size and FWHM were decreased in MAG 14.47%(p<0.0001), 15.49%(p=0.0004), MTG 14.89%(p<0.0001), 15.79%(p=0.0003) respectively. Mean $SUV_{max}$ and $SUV_{peak}$ of MTG were increased by 0.07%(p=0.8802), 0.13%(p=0.7766). Mean tumor size and FWHM of MTG were decreased by 0.49%(p=0.2786), 0.36%(p=0.2488) compared to MAG. There was no statistically significant difference between MAG and MTG which increase total scan time for about 7 and 2 minutes. Conclusion SUV, accuracy of tumor size and spatial resolution were improved in both of MAG and MTG by applying MBRMCT without installing additional hardware in liver PET/MR study. More accurate information can be provided with the increase of 2 minutes scan time if applying MTG of MBRMCT to various abdominal PET/MR studies affected by respiratory motion.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2011

This paper proposes DDPT(Dynamic Data Protection Technique) which solves the problem of private information exposure occurring in a dynamic database environment. The DDPT in this paper generates the MAG(Multi-Attribute Generalization) rules using multi-attributes generalization algorithm, and the EC(equivalence class) satisfying the k-anonymity according to the MAG rules. Whenever data is changed, it reconstructs the EC according to the MAC rules, and protects the identification exposure which is caused by the EC change. Also, it measures the information loss rates of the EC which satisfies the ${\ell}$-diversity. It keeps data accuracy by selecting the EC which is less than critical value and enhances private information protection.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.79-92
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• 2017

We present a BV I optical photometric study of the old open cluster Ruprecht 6 using the data obtained with the SMARTS 1.0 m telescope at the CTIO, Chile. Its color-magnitude diagrams show the clear existence of the main-sequence stars, whose turn-off point is located around $V{\approx}18.45mag$ and $B-V{\approx}0.85mag$. Three red clump (RC) stars are identified at V = 16.00 mag, I = 14.41 mag and B - V = 1.35 mag. From the mean $K_s-band$ magnitude of RC stars ($K_s=12.39{\pm}0.21mag$) in Ruprecht 6 from 2MASS photometry and the known absolute magnitudes of the RC stars ($M_{K_S}=-1.595{\pm}0.025mag$), we obtain the distance modulus to Ruprecht 6 of $(m-M)_0=13.84{\pm}0.21mag$ ($d=5.86{\pm}0.60kpc$). From the ($J-K_s$) and (B - V ) colors of the RC stars, comparison of the (B - V ) and (V - I) colors of the bright stars in Ruprecht 6 with those of the intrinsic colors of dwarf and giant stars, and the PARSEC isochrone fittings, we derive the reddening values of E(B - V ) = 0.42 mag and E(V - I) = 0.60 mag. Using the PARSEC isochrone fittings onto the color-magnitude diagrams, we estimate the age and metallicity to be: $log(t)=9.50{\pm}0.10(t=3.16{\pm}0.82Gyr)$ and $[Fe/H]=-0.42{\pm}0.04dex$. We present the Galactocentric radial metallicity gradient analysis for old (age > 1 Gyr) open clusters of the Dias et al. catalog, which likely follow a single relation of $[Fe/H]=(-0.034{\pm}0.007)R_{GC}+(0.190{\pm}0.080)$ (rms = 0.201) for the whole radial range or a dual relation of $[Fe/H]=(-0.077{\pm}0.017)R_{GC}+(0.609{\pm}0.161)$ (rms = 0.152) and constant ([Fe/H] ~ -0.3 dex) value, inside and outside of RGC ~ 12 kpc, respectively. The metallicity and Galactocentric radius ($13.28{\pm}0.54kpc$) of Ruprecht 6 obtained in this study seem to be consistent with both of the relations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1382-1388
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• 2014

Proteus vulgaris K80 lipase was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells and immobilized on amine-terminated magnetic microparticles (Mag-MPs). The immobilization yield and activity retention were 84.15% and 7.87%, respectively. A homology model of lipase K80 was constructed using P. mirabilis lipase as the template. Many lysine residues were located on the protein surface, remote from active sites. The biochemical characteristics of immobilized lipase K80 were compared with the soluble free form of lipase K80. The optimum temperature of K80-Mag-MPs was $60^{\circ}C$, which was $20^{\circ}C$ higher than that of the soluble form. K80-Mag-MPs also tended to be more stable than the soluble form at elevated temperatures and a broad range of pH. K80-Mag-MP maintained its stable form at up to $40^{\circ}C$ and in a pH range of 5.0-10.0, whereas soluble K80 maintained its activity up to $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0-10.0. K80-Mag-MPs had broader substrate specificity compared with that of soluble K80. K80-Mag-MPs showed about 80% residual relative activity after five recovery trials. These results indicate the potential benefit of K80-Mag-MPs as a biocatalyst in various industries.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.167-180
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• 2004

We present HST NIC3 photometry of metal-rich globular clusters Palomar 6, Liller 1 and 47 Tuc (NGC 104). We discuss the interstellar reddening law for the HST NICMOS F110W/F160W photometric system which depends on the temperature of the source. The distance moduli and interstellar reddening values for Palomar 6 and Liller 1 are estimated by comparing the magnitudes and colors of RHB stars in the clusters with those of 47 Tuc. We obtain $(m-M)_0=14.48$mag and E(B-V)=1.34mag for Palomar 6 and $(m-M)_0=15.17$mag and E(B-V)=2.50 mag for Liller 1.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.135-136
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• 2003

A 43-year-old woman with diabetic nephropathy underwent a Tc-99m MAG3 renal scintigraphy for the evaluation of renal function. Posterior images at 60 minutes demonstrated a migration of radiotracer activity beyond the lower pole of the left kidney, which might be incorrectly interpreted as urine leaks. However, the increased activities were moving along the bowel lumens over time. Another ring-like radioactivity was also seen in the suprasplenic region, and increased with time. These radioactivities were in the gastric fundus and gastrointestinal tract and caused by free Tc-99m pertechnetate.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.430-438
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• 1999

Purpose: We evaluated a rapid preparation procedures for the labeling and quality control of $^{99m}Tc$-ECD, $MAG_3$, and MIBI using microwave heating and Sep-Pak cartridges. Materials and Methods: $^{99m}Tc$ labeling of ECD, $MAG_3$, and MIBI kit preparation was performed according to the package inserts with microwave heating modification. Heating time was 10-15 sec, and heating was performed with 3 mm plastic bottle with screw cap to prevent radiation contamination. Labeling efficiency was obtained with $C_{18}$ or Alumina N Sep-Pak cartridges. Results: The radiochemical purity of $93{\sim}96%$ for $^{99m}Tc$-ECD and $95{\sim}99%$ for $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI was obtained using Alumina N Sep-Pak cartridge. The optimum irradiation time of microwave method for 3 ml $^{99m}Tc$-labeled radiopharmaceutical solution was 10 sec for $^{99m}Tc$-ECD and $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI, and 15 sec for $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$. The results of quality control data with Sep-Pak cartridges were well correlated with TLC method. The total preparation time of these radiopharmcaeuticals was $5{\sim}6min$ including quality control procedure. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that radiopharmaceuticals preparation by microwave heating and quality control by Sep-Pak cartridges can be efficiently utilized as an alternative to the recommended method by manufacturer's manual.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.54-59
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• 2002

Overlays is a treatment of the surface and near-surface regions of a material to allow the surface to perform functions that are distinct from those frictions demanded far the bulk of the material. Welding, thermal spray, quenching, carburizing and nitration have been used as the surface treatment. Especially, weld overlay is a relatively thick layer of filler metal applied to a carbon or low-alloy steel base metal for the purpose of providing a wear resistant surface. In this study, weld overlay was performed by MAG welding on the base metal(SS400) with filler metal which contain composite powders($Cr_3C_2+Mn+Mo+NbC$) and solid wire(JIS-YGW11). Characteristics of hardness and wear resistance on overlays were analyzed by EDS, EPMA, XRD and microstructures. Carbide formations were $M(Cr, Fe)_7C_3$ and NbC phases. And carbide volume fraction, hardness and specific wear resistance of overlays were increased with increasing powder feed rate and decreasing wire fred rate. Hardness and wear resistance were almost proportioned to carbide volume fraction of overlay.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2010

In the paper, we proposed the Using Correspondent Information for Route Optimization on PMIPv6 over Inter-MAG. Proxy Mobile IPv6 has the problem that a mobile node sends data packets through inefficient routing paths when communicating other mobile node. Route optimization schemes are proposed to solve the triangle routing problem that creates the shortest routing path by leaving the inefficient routing paths. We proposed Correspondent Information Route Optimization scheme to reduce signaling cost as compared with other route optimization scheme. We can reduce signaling cost of route optimization through the Correspondent Information message on basic PMIPv6 and hand-off environment.