• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.361-361
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• 2017

The NPK are known as macro elements that affect crop growth and yield. In 1989, Cambodia Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) gave a recommendation rate of fertilizer on rice production based on soil types. This recommended rate of NPK seems however relatively low as compared to farmers' practices nowadays and the amount in the neighboring countries. The CARDI recommended rate for Prateah Lang soil type is 50kg N, $25kg\;P_2O_5$, $25kg\;K_2O\;ha^{-1}$ while recent farmers' practice rates are 55 - 64kg N, 24 - 46kg $P_2O_5$, $30kg\;K_2O\;ha^{-1}$. However, the overuse of chemical fertilizer will lead to un-preferable plant growth, insect pest, disease and economic yield. Thus, we examined the effect of different NPK application rates on the growth and yield components in Prateah Lang soil type in Takeo province to investigate appropriate rates for improving rice productivity with economic efficiency. This study was conducted from July to November during wet season in 2013. A multi-locational trial with 6 treatments (T0 - T5) of NPK rates in 5 locations (trial 1 - 5) with 3 replications was conducted. The different combinations of NPK application were employed from 0, 50, 60, 80, 100, $120kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, 0, 25, 30 45, $60kg\;P_2O_5\;ha^{-1}$ and 0, 15, 25, 30, $45kg\;K_2O\;ha^{-1}$. Urea, DAP and KCl were used for fertilization. Split application was employed [basal: 20% of N, 100% of P and K, top dressing-1st: 40% of N (30DAT), 2nd: 40% of N (PI stage)]. Three-week-old seedlings of var. Phka Rumdoul were transplanted with 2 - 3 seedlings $hill^{-1}$ with $20cm{\times}20cm$ spacing. Plant length, tiller number at the maximum tillering stage and yield components were measured. The different rates of NPK application affected some yield components. The panicle number per hill was the most important key component followed by the spikelet number per panicle. However, the other parameters such as the filled grain percentage and 1000 grains weight had small effect or weak relation with the yield. Although the panicle number per hill had a significantly positive correlation with the stem number per hill, it was not correlated with the percentage of productive culms. The variation in the grain yield among the 5 trials was small and the difference was not significant. Although the yield tended to be higher at higher N and P application, there was no significant difference above 60kg N and $30kg\;P_2O_5$. The yield was the highest at 15, 30 and $45kg\;K_2O$ followed by $25kg\;K_2O$. The relationships between N, P and the stem number per hill were significantly linear positive, though it was not linear between K and the stem number. From these results, to increase rice productivity in the target area, farmers' effort to increase N and P input rather than CARDI recommendation up to 60kg N and $30kg\;P_2O_5$ will be sufficient considering economic efficiency. Besides, the amount of K application should be reconsidered.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.363-363
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• 2017

The NPK are known as macro elements that affect crop growth and yield. In 1989, Cambodia Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) gave a recommendation rate of fertilizer on rice production based on soil types. This recommended rate of NPK seems however relatively low as compared to farmers' practices nowadays and the amount in the neighboring countries. The CARDI recommended rate for Prateah Lang soil type is 50kg N, 25kg P2O5, 25kg K2O ha-1 while recent farmers' practice rates are 55 - 64kg N, 24 - 46kg P2O5, 30kg K2O ha-1. However, the overuse of chemical fertilizer will lead to un-preferable plant growth, insect pest, disease and economic yield. Thus, we examined the effect of different NPK application rates on the growth and yield components in Prateah Lang soil type in Takeo province to investigate appropriate rates for improving rice productivity with economic efficiency. This study was conducted from July to November during wet season in 2013. A multi-locational trial with 6 treatments (T0 - T5) of NPK rates in 5 locations (trial 1 - 5) with 3 replications was conducted. The different combinations of NPK application were employed from 0, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120kg N ha-1, 0, 25, 30 45, 60kg P2O5 ha-1 and 0, 15, 25, 30, 45kg K2O ha-1. Urea, DAP and KCl were used for fertilization. Split application was employed [basal: 20% of N, 100% of P and K, top dressing-1st: 40% of N (30DAT), 2nd: 40% of N (PI stage)]. Three-week-old seedlings of var. Phka Rumdoul were transplanted with 2 - 3 seedlings hill-1 with $20cm{\times}20cm$ spacing. Plant length, tiller number at the maximum tillering stage and yield components were measured. The different rates of NPK application affected some yield components. The panicle number per hill was the most important key component followed by the spikelet number per panicle. However, the other parameters such as the filled grain percentage and 1000 grains weight had small effect or weak relation with the yield. Although the panicle number per hill had a significantly positive correlation with the stem number per hill, it was not correlated with the percentage of productive culms. The variation in the grain yield among the 5 trials was small and the difference was not significant. Although the yield tended to be higher at higher N and P application, there was no significant difference above 60kg N and 30kg P2O5. The yield was the highest at 15, 30 and 45kg K2O followed by 25kg K2O. The relationships between N, P and the stem number per hill were significantly linear positive, though it was not linear between K and the stem number. From these results, to increase rice productivity in the target area, farmers' effort to increase N and P input rather than CARDI recommendation up to 60kg N and 30kg P2O5 will be sufficient considering economic efficiency. Besides, the amount of K application should be reconsidered.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.684-687
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• 2009

핵과류 과수에 세균성구멍병을 일으키는 Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni는 집단의 다양성이 적은 것으로 알려지고 있다. 우리나라에서 분리된 X. arboricola pv. pruni의 유전적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 동일한 16S rDNA 염기서열을 갖는 X. arboricola pv. pruni의 type strain인 LMG852, 일본 균주 MAFF301420, 우리나라 균주 XWD1의 세 균주를 대상으로 세 개 유전자 부위의 DNA 염기서열과 RAPD 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 ITS와 glnA, atpD의 염기서열은 세 균주가 동일하였다. 그러나 756 염기로 구성된 atpD의 염기서열은 GenBank에 등록된 프랑스균주와 5곳에서 차이가 있었다. 40개의 random primer를 사용한 RAPD 결과는 우리나라와 일본균주는 동일한 밴드 패턴을 보이나 대표균주와는 다른 양상을 보였다. 이러한 사실은 우리나라와 일본의 X. arboricola pv. pruni의 개체군은 매우 가까워 유전적 다양성이 낮은 것으로 보이며 유럽균주와는 다른 기원과 전파 경로를 갖는 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.711-720
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• 2016

게놈분석이 완료된 680개의 세균의 공통 유전자 보유 정도와 유연관계를 파악하기 위해 4,631개의 COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups of protein) 보유 유사도와 COG 보유 계통수를 작성하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 균주별 COG 보유개수는 103~2,199개 사이였고 평균 1377.1개 였다. 곤충과 절대공생성인 Candidatus Nasuia deltocephalinicola str. NAS-ALF가 최저였고 기회성병원균인 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1가 최대였다. 2개의 세균들 사이에 나타내는 COG 보유 유무의 유사도는 49.30~99.78% 사이였고 평균 72.65%였다. 초고온성이며 자가영양생활을 하는 Methanocaldococcus jannaschii DSM 2661과 중온성이며 공생생활을 하는 Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099 사이가 최소였다. 유전자 보유 정도가 생물이 각 서식지에 적응하는 정도를 나타내므로 이 결과는 원핵생물 진화의 역사 혹은 현재 지구의 원핵생물 서식지 범위를 나타내는 것일 수도 있다. COG 보유계통수를 통하여 첫째 진정세균인 Chloroflexi문의 일부는 진정세균보다 고세균과 유연관계가 높았고, 둘째 16S rRNA유전자에서 동일한 문(phylum)이나 강(class)으로 분류되지만 COG 보유 계통수에서는 일치하지 않는 경우가 많았으며, 셋째 delta-와 epsilon-Proteobacteria는 다른 Proteobacteria와 다른 분계(lineage)를 이루었다. 본 연구결과는 생물의 기원 파악과 기능적 연관성 파악 그리고 유용유전자 탐색 등에 이용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.220-233
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• 1996

소 해면형 뇌증(Bovine Spongiform Encephalpathy; BSE)은 일명 광우병(mad cow disease)이라고도 불리우는 새로운 해외 가축전염병이며, 세계적인 희귀질병으로 아직까지 확실한 병인체가 밝혀져 있지도 않으며, 그렇기 때문에 면역 혈청학적 진단방법도 확립되어 있지 못할 뿐만아니라 예방백신의 개발 또한 불가능하기 때문에, 일단 감염되어 발병되면 치료대책 없이 100$\%$ 폐사되는 세기의 불치병이다. 본 편에서는 소 해면형 뇌증(BSE)과 관련, 국제수역사무국(OIE) 총회에 보고된 영국정부의 공식보고 자료(Dept of Health, MAFF, 1989) 및 최근의 보고자료(1994, 1995)를 기본으로 하고, 각 회원국의 보고자료(Animal Health Status in Member Countries)와 전산화 역학정보 자료(Handistatus) 등을 근거로 하여, 소 해면형 뇌증이 세계적으로 처음 보고된 1986년 이래 최근 (1996년 3월)까지의 해외발생 역학정보를 수집 분석하고, 아울러 최근 전염병 및 해충의 효과적인 관리를 위하여 새롭게 정립되어 가고 있는 위험도 분석(risk analysis)의 개념을 도입하여, 우리나라에 있어서의 수입 쇠고기의 안전성 문제와 국내에서의 소 해면형 뇌증의 발생 가능성 등에 관하여 고찰해 보고자 한다. 결론적으로 소 해면형 뇌증은 현재 영국(그레이트 브리튼, 북아일랜드 등)에서 가장 크게 문제시 되고 있으며, 유럽 일부국가, 영국으로부터 소를 수입한 극소수의 국가에서 문제가 되었을 뿐, 영국 등 발생국가로부터 소와 쇠고기를 수입하고 있지 않는 우리나라에 있어서는 수입 쇠고기의 안전성에 문제가 없으며, 소 해면형 뇌증이나 양 스크래피의 국내 발생 가능성도 현재로서는 무시할 수 있을 정도로 극히 희박한 것으로 평가된다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1616-1616
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• 2001

To select kernels for breeding that have required constituent content from either naturally distributed samples or artificially mutated ones, it is necessary to process batch samples in a short time. The constituent content of single-kernel grains such as wheat and rice has been determined using conventional bench type NIR instruments; however, it takes a lot of time and effort. Shizuoka Seiki (Fukuroi-city, Japan) and NFRI (National Food Research Institute) of MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, forestry and Fisheries of Japan) have jointly developed a continuous high-speed single-kernel brown rice sorting machine based on rice protein content. It consists of several sections such as a feeding mechanism, measuring unit, sorting mechanism and controlling PC. The feeding mechanism picks up single-kernel brown rice from the hopper (maximum of 5kg storage capacity) and sends it to the measuring unit. A spectrum of the brown rice is obtained in the measuring unit, which consists of a near-infrared array sensor. The brown rice is then sorted in the sorting mechanism based on its protein content estimated by the controlling PC. In the present study, measuring speed was approximately 500ms for the full spectrum range and overall sorting speed was approximately 2.8s for one kernel. Accuracy of estimation was approximately SEP=0.5% of dry matter protein content for nonglutinous rice.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.361-366
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• 2005

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants, which is used as a sole commercial source of narcotic analgesic, morphine. The transformant of opium poppy we have established by infection of Rhizobium rhizogenes (formerly Agrobacterium rhizogenes) strain MAFF03-01724 showed aberrant morphology and altered opium alkaloid composition. The major alkaloid produced by this transformant was thebaine (16.3%, opium dry weight) instead of morphine. It is likely that this 'thebaine poppy' phenotype was caused by the integration of T-DNA(s) into the poppy genome DNA, and their inserted loci are of great interest. To gain an insight into the mechanism of nonnarcotic thebaine accumulation for the further approach toward the creation of 'codeine poppy' which produces codeine as a major alkaloid, the genetical and morphological analyses on the transformant was carried out. Here we report the results of the detailed analysis on the T-DNA inserted loci of T0 transfromant and the correlation between opium alkaloid composition and segregated T-DNA integration pattern in the self-pollinated T1 transformants.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1051-1057
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• 1998

영지, 참깨, 칡과 같은 특용작물의 수입산 또는 국내산인지의 여부를 확인하기 위하여 전자코를 사용하였다. 특용작물이 배출하는 가스성분을 아무런 전처리 과정 없이 12개의 conducting polymer sensor로 감지하고 여기서 얻어진 자료를 판별분석을 통하여 특용작물의 원산지가 수입산 또는 국내산인지를 판별할 수 있었다. 원산지를 모르는 시료(영지, 참깨)를 분석한 결과 이들 농산물이 수입산인지 국내산인지를 뚜렷하게 구별할 수 있었다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were 1) to review the current status of cooperative extension services in Japan, and 2) to draw implications for improving Korean agricultural extension system. Faced with various problems since its localization of extension services in 1997, Korean agricultural extension needs to be improved and strengthened in order to continually achieve the national goals of food production, balanced national development and preservation of environment, at the same time to meet increasing needs of farmers. The results of the study revealed the major characteristics of agricultural extension services in Japan as follows; 1) Each agricultural extension centers were administratively and technically coordinated by the prefectural (provincial) government, 2) There were 11 public corporations with agricultural extension functions under the MAFF(Ministry of Agricultural Forestry and Fisheries) financed by government subsidies 3) Agricultural experiment stations at provincial level were responsible for developing agricultural innovations for farmers' adoption, 4) The functions and operation of the agricultural extension centers were independent from the local agricultural administration. Some of the implications drawn from the study were as follows; 1) In order to accomplish major objectives of agricultural extension services in Korea legal status of agricultural extension centers should be changed from city/county to provincial government, 2) It would be desirable to establish public corporations concerned with agricultural extension under the Rural Development Administration, 3) Provincial Rural Development Administration should be reinforced in terms of applied farming research and diffusion of new technology, 4) Agricultural extension centers should be independent from administrative function and be separated from administration at the city/county level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2003

Regarding the fattening of younger cattle that the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) recommends in Japan, this study looked at vitamin A control in feed and blood and its effect on performance of production and carcass composition of Wagyu steers. Five sets from 10 Wagyu artificial identical twins were divided to into 2 groups, a restricted group (Test) and a supplied group (Control). The body weight at the finishing time of the Test was significantly lower than that of the Control (p<0.05). The daily gain from 13 to 21 months old, as the animals in the Test were fed the concentrated feed without Vitamin A, was significantly different (p<0.05) between the Test and the Control. The total daily gains for the Test and the Control for the fattening period were 0.82 kg/day and 0.93 kg/day, respectively, which showed a significant difference (p<0.01). Regarding the rib thickness, the Test was thinner than the Control. The Beef Marbling Scores of the Test and Control were 3.60 and 2.80, respectively. The muscle weight of the Test was significantly smaller than that of the Control (p<0.01). However, regarding the ratio to the carcass, the Test was significantly higher than the Control (p<0.05). For the fat weight, the Test was smaller by about 15 kg than the Control (p<0.01). Furthermore, for the fat ratio to the carcass, the Test was significantly lower than the Control (p<0.05). The bone weights of the two groups were approximately the same. Regarding the ratio of bone to carcass, the Test was higher than the Control (p<0.01). For the younger fattening method, the low level vitamin A in the serum had the effect that the muscle ratio to the carcass weight was greater and the fat was less, but the carcass and muscle weight were less.