• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.349-353
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• 2007

To investigate the effect of NaCl concentration on plant growth in three halophytes, Suaeda asparagoides, Suaeda maritima, and Salicornia herbacea, and to select afforestation species for reclaimed land along the shore, this experiment was conducted by ebb and flow system added fertilize of 1/2 Hoagland solution and halophytes were cultured for 4 month treated by 0, 50, 200, 400 mM NaCl, respectively. The shoot height was increased with 0 and 50 mM NaCl treatment of Suaeda asparagoides and Suaeda maritima and decreased with 200, 400 mM NaCl treatment, whereas them of Salicornia herbacea was increased by 200 mM NaCl treatment. The higher NaCl concentrations, the lower fresh and dry weight in Suaeda asparagoides. In case Suaeda maritima and Salicornia herbacea, fresh and dry weight was increased by 200 mM NaCl treatment. The higher NaCl concentrations, the lower chlorophyll contents in shoot of all treatment. The proline contents of 400 mM treatment in Suaeda maritima was higher than them of other treatments. The shoot water potential was generally lower in 50mM as compared to the control in Suaeda asparagoides, Suaeda maritima, significantly.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.77-88
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• 2021

Duck industry had a rapid growth in recent years. Nevertheless, researches to improve duck house environment are still not sufficient enough. Moisture generation of duck house litter is an important factor because it may cause severe illness and low productivity. However, the measuring process is difficult because it could be disturbed with animal excrements and other factors. Therefore, it has to be calculated according to the environmental data around the duck house litter. To cut through all these procedures, we built several machine learning regression model forecasting moisture generation of litter by measured environment data (air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and water contents). 5 models (Multi Linear Regression, k-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Regression, Random Forest and Deep Neural Network). have been selected for regression. By using R-Square, RMSE and MAE as evaluation metrics, the best accurate model was estimated according to the variables for each machine learning model. In addition, to address the small amount of data acquired through lab experiments, bootstrapping method, a technique utilized in statistics, was used. As a result, the most accurate model selected was Random Forest, with parameters of n-estimator 200 by bootstrapping the original data nine times.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.378-388
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• 2021

This study investigated the effect of Ego-resilience, Marital communication, and Mental health on Happiness among middle-aged women Methods: A descriptive correlation study design was used with a convenience sample consisting of 239 women. SPSS Win21.0 program was used for the descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple-regression analysis. The mean score for ego-resilience was 3.46±.527(range: 1-5), marital communication was 2.44±.52(range: 1-5), mental health 1.82±.66(range: 0-4) and happiness was 3.21±56(ranse: 1-5). Happiness was found to have a significant positive correlation with ego-resilience(r=.393, p<.001) and negative correlation with somatization(r=-.134 p=.039), depression(r=-.356, p<.001), anxiety(r=-.269, p<.001). The predictive factors on the Happiness were depression(β=-.437, p<.001), ego-resilience(β=.350, p<.001), Somatization(β=.239, p=.009) and subjective health status: average (β=-.150, p=.009), unhealthy(β=-.147, p=.015). The explanatory power was 30.4% (F=14.02, p <.001). Based on the findings of this study, it is important to provide services to ego-resilience and mental health among middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2021

Two specimens (1770~1850 mm disc width) of Mobula thurstoni, belonging to the family Myliobatidae, order Myliobatiformes, were first collected from the central coast of the Southern Sea of Korea in September 2018. This species is characterized by an anterior margin of disc with double curvature, a white-tipped dorsal fin, and the absence of a caudal spine. This species is morphologically similar to Mobula kuhlii, but has an anterior margin of pectoral fins with a double curvature and the dorsal coloration is bluish black rather than white. In addition, M. thurstoni was well distinguished from M. kuhlii as determined by mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA sequences with genetic distances ranging from 0.030 to 0.069. The Korean name 'Mae-kkeun-kko-li-jwi-ga-o-li' is proposed for the species M. thurstoni.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2019

Increasing crop production with the same amount of resources is essential for enhancing the economy in agriculture. The first prerequisite is to understand relationships between the resources. The concept of WEF (Water-Energy-Food) nexus analysis was first introduced in 2011, which helps to interpret inter-linkages among the resources and stakeholders. The objective of this study was to analyze energy-water nexus in greenhouse cultivation by estimating reference evapotranspiration and heating load. For the estimation, this study used the physical model to simulate the inside temperature of the agricultural greenhouse using heating, solar radiation, ventilated and transferred heat losses as input variables. For estimating reference evapotranspiration and heating load, Penman-Monteith equation and seasonal heating load equation with HDH (Heating Degree-Hour) was applied. For calibration and validation of simulated inside temperature, used were hourly data observed from 2011 to 2012 in multi-span greenhouse. Results of the simulation were evaluated using $R^2$, MAE and RMSE, which showed 0.75, 2.22, 3.08 for calibration and 0.71, 2.39, 3.35 for validation respectively. When minimum setting temperature was $12^{\circ}C$ from 2013 to 2017, mean values of evapotranspiration and heating load were 687 mm/year and 2,147 GJ/year. For $18^{\circ}C$, Mean values of evapotranspiration and heating load were 707 mm/year and 5,616 GJ/year. From the estimation, the relationship between water and heat energy was estimated as 1.0~2.6 GJ/ton. Though additional calibrations with different types of greenhouses are necessary, the results of this study imply that they are applicable when evaluating resource relationship in the greenhouse cultivation complex.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.205-216
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• 2018

Taxonomic review of the genus Saurida, belonging to the family Synodontidae, was conducted based on three species (S. macrolepis, S. microlepis and S. wanieso) collected from Korea between 1994 and 2017, and one species (S. elongata) loaned from Japan. S. wanieso can be readily distinguished from S. tumbil by following characteristics: outer palatine teeth (2 rows in S. wanieso vs. 3~4 rows in S. tumbil) and pectoral fin length (reaching to pelvic - dorsal line in S. wanieso vs. not reaching to pelvic - dorsal line in S. tumbil). In counts, the four Saurida spp. are well distinguished: number of lateral line scales (48~50 in S. macrolepis vs. 54~58 in S. wanieso vs. 61~62 in S. elongata vs. 63~70 in S. microlepis), vertebrae (47~49 in S. macrolepis vs. 51~53 in S. wanieso vs. 57~59 in S. elongata vs. 62~64 in S. microlepis). The present study suggests S. undosquamis and S. tumbil must be absent in Korean waters, and also S. elongata may be rare or absent in Korean waters. Here we use the Korean name, "tum-bil-mae-tung-i" for S. wanieso, following Yamada et al. (1995) who treated Korean S. tumbil as S. wanieso.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.217-228
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• 2021

This paper discusses a methodology where an integrated modelling framework is used to quantify the risk derived from anthropic activities on habitats and species. To achieve this purpose, a tool comprising the Delft3D and HABITAT model, was applied in the Yeongsan river. Delft3D effectively simulated the operational condition and flow of weirs in river. In accuracy evaluation of the Delft3D-FLOW, the Bias, Pbias, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and Index of Agreement (IOA) were used, and the result was evaluated as grade above 'Satisfactory'. The HABITAT calculated Habitat Suitability Value (HSV) for the following eight species: mammal, fish, aquatic plant, and benthic macroinvertebrate. An Area was defined as a suitable habitat if the HSV was larger than 0.5. HABITAT was judged accurately by measuring the Correct Classification rate (CCR) and the area under the ROC curve (AUC). For benthic macroinvertebrate, the CCR and AUC were 77% and 0.834, respectively, at thresholds of 0.017 and 4 inds/m² for HSV and individuals per unit area. This meant that the HABITAT model accurately predicted the appearance of the benthic macroinvertebrates by approximately 77% and that the probability of false alarms was also very low. As a result of evaluating the suitability of habitats, in the Yeongsan river, if the annual "lowest level" (Seungchon weir: 2.5 EL.m/ Juksan weir: -1.35 EL.m) was maintained, the average habitat improvement effect of 6.5%P compared to the 'reference' scenario was predicted. Consequently, it was demonstrated that the integrated modelling framework for habitat suitability assessment is able to support the remedy aquatic ecological management.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate antimicrobial activity of extracts from shiitake mushroom against periodontopathogens and its cytotoxicity for human gingival fibroblast. Materials and Methods: Shiitake mushroom was soaked in water and acetone, and the supernatant was dried to collect its extract. The susceptibility of periodontopathogens for the extracts was investigated. Human gingival fibroblast was treated with the extracts, and the cell viability was measured CCK-8 solution. Results: The water extract from shiitake mushroom significantly reduced the growth of periodontopathogens at 2.5 mg/ml (P < 0.05). The acetone extract significantly inhibited the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia at 0.32 mg/ml and Treponema denticola growth at 0.64 mg/ml (P < 0.05). The cytotoxicity of the extract was shown at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. The extracts with a concentration of 1.25 mg/ml appeared to be reduce cell viability after 4 h. Conclusion: The extracts of shiitake mushroom have antimicrobial activity against periodontitis-causing bacteria and relieving inflammation. Therefore, the extracts may be a candidate for preventing and treating periodontal disease.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 2022

Knowledge on the seaweeds of eastern Sorsogon in the Philippines is uneven. Not only is eastern Sorsogon among the areas of high seaweed diversity but locals there have interacted with seaweeds for ages. Despite seaweeds' assumed importance to Sorsoganon, ethnobotanical records are missing. In this study, we documented the traditional knowledge on seaweed use and determined the rate of knowledge transmission among the locals of eastern Sorsogon. Vernacular names and modes of preparation were given of the 12 identified species bearing culinary and medicinal importance. Ten species were eaten while three were used therapeutically. Based on ethnobotanical indices, Caulerpa chemnitzia ecad turbinata and Gelidiella acerosa were the most important seaweeds. The least cited was Caulerpa racemosa. Our study demonstrated that most of the seaweed resources in eastern Sorsogon remain largely untapped, as the identified ethnotaxa were only about 5% of the total seaweed species diversity reported for the area. The seaweed knowledge in eastern Sorsogon appeared to be homogenous across age groups with primary sources of knowledge biased towards female relatives (mothers and grandmothers) and to children as inheritors. Cessation of seaweed knowledge may come at a potential cost, as a significant fraction of the population did not transmit their knowledge to others. Our study furthered the interest in providing sophisticated resource management recommendations that consider the relationships of traditional and scientific knowledge of seaweed selection and use in eastern Sorsogon and beyond.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.227-239
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• 2023

Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability in more than 280 million people worldwide. Monoamine-based antidepressants are currently used to treat depression, but delays in treatment effects and lack of responses are major reasons for the need to develop faster and more efficient antidepressants. Studies show that ketamine (KET), a PCP analog, produces antidepressant effects within a few hours of administration that lasts up to a week. However, the use of KET has raised concerns about side effects, as well as the risk of abuse. 4 -F-PCP analog is a novel PCP analog that is also an NMDA receptor antagonist, structurally similar to KET, and might potentially elicit similar antidepressant effects, however, there has been no study on this subject yet. Herein, we investigate whether 4-F-PCP displays antidepressant effects and explored their potential therapeutic mechanisms. 4-F-PCP at 3 and 10 mg/kg doses showed antidepressant-like effects and repeated treatments maintained its effects. Furthermore, treatment with 4-F-PCP rescued the decreased expression of proteins most likely involved in depression and synaptic plasticity. Changes in the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT2, EAAT3, EAAT4) were also seen following drug treatment. Lastly, we assessed the possible side effects of 4-F-PCP after long-term treatment (up to 21 days). Results show that 4-F-PCP at 3 mg/kg dose did not alter the cognitive function of mice. Overall, current findings provide significant implications for future research not only with PCP analogs but also on the next generation of different types of antidepressants.