• Title/Summary/Keyword: M71

Search Result 3,331, Processing Time 0.033 seconds

The Development of Early Mouse Embryos Depend on $Ca^{2+}$ Concentration (Ca$^{2+}$ 농도에 따른 생쥐 초기배의 발생)

  • Yang, Jung-Sook;Bae, In-Ha
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
    • /
    • v.27 no.3
    • /
    • pp.275-282
    • /
    • 2000

  • Objective: This study was to determine the effect of different concentration of calcium III medium on the preimplantational development of zygotes and early 2 cell embryos. Methods: Female mice of ICR strain ($5{\sim}8$ weeks old) were superovulated and mated with fertile males. Zygotes or early 2-cell embryos were collected by flushing the oviducts $31{\sim}32$ hours after hCG injection. The embryos were cultured in various concentrations of $Ca^{2+}$ in medium or with EDTA, EGTA and $Ni^{2+}$. Result and Conclusion: Treatment of high concentraion of $Ca^{2+}$ (3.42 mM $(2X){\sim}17.l$ mM (10X)) in medium didn't develop well compared to the control. Low concentrations of $Ca^{2+}$ (0.214mM $(1/8X){\sim}0.855$ mM (1/2X) were deterimental to development beyond 2-cell stage. EDTA, $Ca^{2+}$ chelating agent was treated with ranged concentrations of EDTA (0.014 $mM{\sim}0.107$ mM) to medium contaning 1.71 mM $Ca^{2+}$ showed beneficial effect to development to blastocyst compared to the control. EGTA, extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator, was treated with ranged concentrations of EGTA ($0.014{\sim}0.107$ mM) to the medium contaning 1.71 mM $Ca^{2+}$. There is no significant difference with the control. $Ni^{2+}$ (50 ${\mu}M$), T-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel blocker was treated to medium contaning low concentration of $Ca^{2+}$. It overcame 2-cell block significantly. Rate of degenerated embryos decreased and developmental rate to morula and blastocyst increased more than low $Ca^{2+}$ concentration alone. Further studies are needed for the overcoming effect of 2-cell block by $Ni^{2+}$.

  • PDF

Correlation Between Left Ventricular Peak Systolic Pressure/End-Systolic Volume Ratio and Symptomatic Improvement with Valve Replacement in Patients with Aortic Regurgitation and Enlarged End-Systolic Volume (대동맥판역류증과 좌심실수축말기용적 확장이 있는 환자에서 좌심실최고수축기압/수축말기용적비와 판막치환후의 증상적 호전과의 관계)

  • Kim, Woong-Han;Ahn, Hyuk
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
    • /
    • v.29 no.8
    • /
    • pp.867-874
    • /
    • 1996

  • This study was designed to assess the left ventricular peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume (PSP/ESV) ratio in predicting symptomatic improvement with valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation and enlarged left von'lrlcular volume. We studied 21 patients (15 men and 6 women aged 15 to 60 years) with moderate or severe aortic regur- gitation, no other cardiovascular abnormalities and left ventricular end-systolic volume over 60 m11m2. In this group we assessed the preoperative variables which routinely were measured at cardiac catheterlzation to predict symptomatic improvement with valve replacement. Six months after operation, symptoms were alleviated in 13 patients(62%), and unchanged in 8()8%). By multivariate analysis, the PSP/ESV rati was a strong predictor for functional class 6 months after surgery(p=0.005) and also for change- in functional class prior to an operation to 6 months postoperatively(p=0.0)2). By 6 months after receiving valve replacement, all patients with a ratio over 1. 71 mmHglml/m'were in functional class I or II , in contrast, of those with a ratio < 1.71 mmHg/ml/m2, 40% were in functional class III. The PSP/ESV ratio may help to predict which patients with aortic regurgitation and enlarged left ven- tricular end-systolic volume will have symptomatic improvement with valve replacement.

  • PDF

양당리굴의 특성과 보전

  • 김병우
    • Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
    • /
    • 2002.11a
    • /
    • pp.57-60
    • /
    • 2002

  • 양당리굴은 충북 단양군 단성면에 위치한 석회동굴이다. 양당리굴은 주굴의 길이가 193.48m, 가지굴의 길이는 71.91m로 동굴의 총 길이는 265.39m에 이르는 자연동굴이다. 이 동굴은 통로가 동굴지하수면에 잠겨있기 때문에 위험하고 진입이 어려워 인위적인 훼손이 거의 없어 잘 보존되어 있는 동굴이다. 북상리굴은 주굴의 길이가 21.605m, 가지굴의 길이는 6.273m로 동굴의 총 길이는 27.878m로 규모가 작은 동굴로 사람의 출입이 많은 것으로 보이지만 생성물의 규모가 크지 않아 생성물의 훼손은 많지 않은 동굴이다. (중략)

  • PDF

Fermentative Production of 5'-GMP from 5'-XMP by XMP aminase and ATP-generation System of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (효모 Saccharomyces cevevisiae의 ATP 생성계와 XMP aminase에 의한 5'-XMP로부터 5'-GMP 발효생산)

  • Cho, Jung-Il
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
    • /
    • v.21 no.4
    • /
    • pp.285-292
    • /
    • 1993

  • For the enzymatic conversion of 5'-XMP to 5'-GMP, partially purified XMP aminase from Escherichia coli was coupled with the yeast, Saccharomycrs cerevisiae, capable of ATP regeneration through glycolytic pathway. In order to elevate the level of XMP aminase in E. coli, $guaB^{-}(IMP\;dehydrogenase-less)$ mutant were introduced, and the yeast used as ATP supplier was treated by some method to increase its membrane permeability. The optimum conditions for efficient conversion reaction by energy-coupled system were investigated. As the results, a CH 41, $guaB^-$ mutant of E. coli K-12, showed 2.75 fold increase in the level of XMP aminase, compared with its parent cell. And the lyophylized yeast was the most effective at the ATP supplier. The optimum temperature and pH of conversion reaction were $40{\circ]C$ and pH 7.4, and the highest conversion ratio was shown under the reaction condition of 100 mM glucose, 100 mM inorganic phosphate and 6 mM AMP. When 36 units/ml XMP aminase used under the above conditions, the amount of 60 mg/ml yeast was sufficient to be used. Under the optimum condition, 71% of 1.8 mM(65.6 mg/100 ml) 5'-XMP was converted to 5'-GMP within 8 hr.

  • PDF