• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1988

Two new nitro analogs of tranylcypromine, (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-p-NTCP) and (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-m-NTCP) were synthesized in order to examine the effect of aromatic nitro substitution on the MAO-inhibitory activity of 2-phenylcyclopropylamines. The compounds were obtained by treating t-butyl (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl) cyclopropanecarbamate and t-butyl (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropanecarbamate with p-toluenesulfonic acid in $CH_3$CN. Inhibitions of rat brain mitochondrial MAO-A and B by the compounds were examined using serotonin and benzylamine as the substrate at both in vitro and ex vivo levels. It was found from in vitro measurements that (E)-p-NTCP at $6.0{\times}10^{-5}M$ elicited merely 22.5% inhibition against MAO-B without any effect on MAO-A. In contrast, (E)-m-NTCP showed fair degrees of inhibitions of MAO-A and B with $IC_{50}$ values, $2.5{\times}10^{-7}M\;and\;1.4{\times}10^{-6}M$, respectively. It was also noted from (E)-m-NTCP that m-nitro substitution caused a shift of selectivity of the inhibition toward MAO-A. According to ex vivo measurements at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 hr following the administration of a dose of 0.015 mmol/kg, i.p. to the rats, the inhibition percents of MAO-A by (E)-m-NTCP were 58.6, 63.7 63.6, and 46.6%, slightly lower than those observed by tranylcypromine. Whereas, (E)-m-NTCP at the same dose level did not show significant inhibitions against both MAO-A and MAO-B. Possible reasons for the difference in potencies between (E)-m-NTCP and (E)-p-NTCP were sought in relation to differing electron withdrawing effects of m- and p-substituents which will influence electron density of the side chain amino functions and the partitions.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1991.06a
• /
• pp.135-138
• /
• 1991

A planar type PIN photodiode has been fabricated and discussed. We used OMVPE systems to grow the structure of u-InP/u-InP/n-InP. P-n junction was formed by Zn-diffusion method at 50$0^{\circ}C$, for 5 minitues. The device characteristics at 5V were as follows: Dark currents were distributed around 1nA. Capacitance was 1.6pF and responsivity was above 0.85 mA/mW for 1.3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ wavelength. Measured cut-off frequency(-3dB) at -5V was 1.1㎓.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.85 no.1
• /
• pp.96-106
• /
• 1996

Red alder(Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings inoculated with Frankia only or both Frankia and spores of Alpova diplophloeus(Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith were grown in a greenhouse for ten weeks. The ten-week-old seedlings were fertilized with six nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) fertility regimes (no fertilization, 10mM $NH_4NO_3$, 50mM $NH_4NO_3$, 5mM $KH_2PO_4$, 10mM $NH_4NO_3+5mM$ $KH_2PO_4$, and 50mM $NH_4NO_3+5mM$ $KH_2PO_4$) three times a week for ten weeks. The higher N-fertilization significantly increased mycorrhiza formation by greenhouse contaminant mycorrhizal fungi, but decreased N-fixation and P concentration in nodule tissues. P-fertilization significantly increased nodule and shoot dry weight, and P concentration in plant tissues. When N was highly fertilized, however, the P-fertilization effect disappeared in nodule P concentration but doubled in leaf P concentration. A. diplophloeus inoculation significantly increased diameter growth and $CO_2$ exchange rate, but decreased leaf dry weight. Our results suggest that the higher N- or P-fertilization affect nitrogenase activity and mycorrhizal development but the effects are changed by their interactions.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2005

Purpose : Podocytes are critical in maintaining the filtration barrier of the glomerulus and are dependent on the integrity of slit diaphragm(SD) proteins including nephrin, p-cadherin, and others. Diabetic proteinuric condition demonstrates defects in SD molecules as well as ultrastructural changes in podocytes. We examined the molecular basis for this alteration of SD molecules especially on P-cadherin as a candidate regulating the modulation of pathogenic changes in the barrier to protein filtration. Methods : To investigate whether high glucose and AGE induce changes in SD, we cultured rat GEpC under normal(5 mM) or high glucose(30 mM) and AGE- or BSA-added conditions and measured the change of P-cadherin expression by Western blotting and RT-PCR. Results : We found that administration of high glucose decreased the P-cadherin production significantly in the presence or absence of AGE by Western blotting. In RT-PCR high glucose with or without AGE also significantly decreased the expression of P-cadherin mRNA compared to those of controls. Such changes were not seen in the osmotic control. Conclusion : We suggest that high glucose with or without AGE suppresses the Production of P-cadherin at the transcriptional level and that these changes nay explain the functional changes of SD in diabetic conditions. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:119-127)

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.255-258
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of compelled weight shift in paretic lower limb training on balance ability in patients with stroke. Methods: Thirty-six individuals with hemiparesis, who were randomly assigned to a 10CWST (10 mm constrained -weight shift training) group, a 5CWST (5 mm constrained-weight shift training) group, and a control group participated in this study. Compelled weight shift training was performed in 3 sets of 5 min with a rest period of 1 min between sets. Both the 5CWST and 10CWST groups performed 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Static (mediolateral and anteroposterior sway velocities) and dynamic balance (mediolateral and anteroposterior distances) was assessed using the Good Balance system. Results: Significant differences were found in the M-L and A-P sway velocities, and the M-L sway distance. The M-L and A-P sway velocities, and M-L sway distance showed significantly large group effects (p<0.05), time effects (p<0.05), and group-by-time interaction (p<0.05). The post hoc analyses indicated that, following intervention, the 10CWST group showed more significant changes in the M-L and A-P sway velocities, and the M-L sway distance than the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the use of compelled weight shift in paretic lower limb training may be an effective method to improve balance ability in patients with stroke.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the effects of energy substrates in different conoentration of carbohydrates in the human oviduct and uterus on the in vitro development of mouse 2-cell embryos. Two-cell embryos were collected from ICR female mice at $46{\sim}50\;hr$ after 5 IU hCG injection and cultured in three different media [control: 0 mM, Guoup A: glucose (G) 0.5 mM + pyruvate (P) 0.32 mM + lactate (L) 10.5 mM, Group B: G 3.15 mM + P 0.1 mM + L 5.83 mM] for 72 hr. Rates of morula formation of group A (72.3%) and B (56.6%) were significantly higher higher (p<0.05) than that of control (34.9%) at 24 hr. However, blastocyst rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in control (51.8%) than group A (39.8%) and B (28.9%) at hr. At 72 hr, no differences were found in the number of zona-intact, zona-escape and total blastocysts among groups. Mean and ICM cell numbers were significantly higher (p<0.05) in group A (78.0, 13.4) and B (64.4, 11.8) than control (53.1, 5.7), respectively, The percent of ICM were significantly higher (p<0.05) in group A (22.9%) and B (23.7%) than control (14.2%). No differences were round in the TE cell numbers ($34.1{\sim}45.1$). The ICM:TE ratio was significantly higher $34.1{\sim}45.1$ in control (1:6.0) than group A (1:3.4) and B (1:3.4). This study shows that energy substrates added to culture media especially, the oviductal level of carbohydrates increase the developmental capacity of 2-cell mouse embryos.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.663-667
• /
• 1996

Acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) from Welsh onion was partially purified by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and CM-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography. The optimum pH and temperature of acid phosphatase from green onion were pH 5.5 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was the most stable at pH 6.0 and unstable above pH 9.0. The activation energy of the enzyme was determined to be 4.86kcal/mole. The enzyme utilized p-nitrophenyl phosphate most as a best substrate among tested possible substrates, while 5'-GMP and 5'-IMP were poor substrates for the enzyme. $K_{m.app.}$ of the enzyme with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate was identified as 0.87mM. Among metal ions and inhibitors tested, $Cr^{+++},\;Zn^{++},\;Cu^{++}$, molybdate and metavanadate ions inhibited the enzyme reaction drastically.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 1991

Soybean plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum MN 110 were supplied with nutrient solutions containing 1.0, 0.25 and 0.5.nM-P to characterize the effect of externaI-P supply on the phosphorus status of nodules and on the P-uptake system of isolated bacteroids from nodules. After 48 days of growth, whole plant dry mass in the 0.25 and 0.05 mM-P treatments decreased significantly. The Pi concentrations in nodules were 4.1, 2.5 and 2.0 mM for 1.0, 0.25 and 0.05 mM-P treatments, respectively. The external-P supply did not significantly affect the distribution of phosphorus among inorganic phosphate(Pi), soluble organic-phosphorus(SOP) and insoluble organic-phosphorus(TOP) fractions in nodules. The Pi concentrations in young leaves of 0.25 and 0.05 mM-P plants were 33% and 20% , respectively, of those in young leaves of 1.0 mM-P plants and Pi concentrations in old leaves were only 16% and 7%, respectively, of those in old leaves of 1.0 mM-P plants. Phosphorus deficiency decreased the percentage of total leaf phosphorus in the Pi fraction and increased the percentage of total leaf phosphorus in the IOP fraction. The bacteroid number ranged from 0.87 to $1.30{\times}10^{11}$ Per GFW nodule regardless of external-P supply to the host Plants and Plant age, The P-uptake rates were the same (15-16 pmoles /min./$10^8$ bacteroids) for the bacteroids isolated from nodules of 1.0 mM-P and 0.05 mM-P plants. These results indicate that Pi concentrations in nodules of phosphorus-deficient plants are sufficient for proliferation of bacteroids and that the P-uptake system of bacteroids is in a repressed state even when host plant growth is severely restricted by phosphorus-deficiency stress.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2001

To clarify a significant difference between red-colored phenomena (RCP) and microbes isolated from rhizosphere soil of healthy ginseng (HES) and red-colored ginseng (RCS), we have examined growth and cellulase activities of the microbes according to pH variation and iron status. The soil microbes could not grow at pH 3.0 on the YEB medium. The growth of bacterium isolated from RCG at pH from 5.0 to 9.0 showed small differences and the growth of bacterium HES was lower than that of others. The growth of bacteria from RCS and surface soil (SUS) at pH 5.0 were also lower than that of pH 7.0 and pH 9.0. However, the bacteria isolated from red-colored ginseng (RCG) and RCS are able to grow on the medium contained 2 mM Fe$\^$3+/ at pH 3.0. Furthermore, the growth of bacterium from RCG increased about two times in the medium contained iron at pH 7.0 compared with minus iron. The cellulase activity of isolated bacteria increased two times in the medium contained 2 mM Fe$\^$3+/ compared with minus iron. The activity of extra-cellular cellulase was higher by one hundred times than that of intracellular level. The cellulase activity of the bacterium from RCS at pH 5.0 was higher by two times than that of pH 7.0. Especially, intracellular activity of the bacterium from RCS on the medium contained 2mM Fe$\^$3+/ increased about six to seven times compared with control (minus iron). Also, extra-cellular activity increased about eleven to twelve times compared with control. These results indicate that the soil microbes seem to be related iron redoxidation by proton extrusion and with cell wall digestion by secreted cellulase.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.309-316
• /
• 2010

The performance of grass filter strips (GFS) in reducing $PO_4$-P concentrations and soil loss from the forage cropland was tested in an experiment on the 10% slope in Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA) from October 2007 to September 2009. Forage cropland with rye-corn double cropping system receiving inorganic fertilizer or livestock manure (LM) were compared in a natural condition. The plots were hydrologically isolated in a randomized block layout of 3 treatments $\times$ 2 factors $\times$ 3 replicates. Main plots consisted of the length of GFS, such as $25\;m^2$ ($5{\times}5\;m$), $50m^2$ ($5{\times}10\;m$), $75m^2$ ($5{\times}15\;m$). Sub plots consisted of the type of LM, such as chemical fertilizer (CF), cattle manure (CM) and swine manure (SM). Concentrations of $PO_4$-P in surface runoff water were reduced as the length of GFS increased. Especially, GFS with 10 m and 15 m reduced $PO_4$-P concentrations significantly compared to that with 0 m (p<0.05). However, there was not significant different between $PO_4$-P concentrations of GFS with 10m and that of GFS with 15 m. Moreover, Soil loss in surface runoff water were reduced as the length of GFS increased. GFS with 15 m reduced soil loss significantly compared to that with 5 m and 10 m (p<0.05). The results from this study suggest GFS improve the removal and trapping $PO_4$-P and soil loss from forage cropland.