• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.35-39
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sea salt on the growth and moisture content of sweet basil, soil moisture content, and salt stress. As a research method, sweet basil was treated with sea salt at 0, 5, 50, 100, and 200 mM concentration of sea salt was investigated to determine the growth and stress time of sweet basil. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the leaf width increased by 11% when treated with 5 mM, 49% when treated with 50 mM, and 44% when treated with 100 mM. Leaf length was confirmed to grow by 16% at 5 mM, 59% at 50 mM, and 82% at 100 mM treatment. As a future study, based on the effect of sea salt on the leaf and length growth of sweet basil by concentration, it was considered that more research is needed on the beneficial effects of sea salt on edible, medicinal, and aromatic plants. In addition, although salt has only been studied on stress in crops, we intend to contribute to providing basic data for research on ingredients more beneficial to the environment by finding various edible, medicinal, and aromatic plants using the sun-dried salt used in this study.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 2012

In this study, the cellular protective effects on HaCaT cells and human erythrocytes and antioxidative effects of P. tricuspidata stem extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate ($50{\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction ($25{\mu}g/mL$) of P. tricuspidata stem extracts doesn't show any characteristics of cytotoxicity. When HaCaT cells were treated with 10 mM $H_2O_2$ and $30{\mu}M$ rose bengal, the ethyl acetate ($6.25{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone ($6.25{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$) fraction protected the cells against the oxidative damage in a concentration dependent manner. The P. tricuspidata stem extracts showed more prominent cellular protective effect than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol, known as lipid antioxidant at $10{\mu}g/mL$. The ethylacetate fraction of P. tricuspidata stem extracts ($18.5{\mu}g/mL$) showed more free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC5_{50}$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$) of P. tricuspidata stem extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system was investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate ($1.72{\mu}g/mL$) and the aglycone fraction ($1.53{\mu}g/mL$) showed similar ROS scavenging activity of L-ascorbic acid ($1.50{\mu}g/mL$). These results indicate that extract/fractions of P. tricuspidata stem extracts can function as natural cytoprotective agents and antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by protecting cellular membrane against ROS.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.647-657
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• 2016

In this study, the antioxidative effects and active component analysis of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Prunella vulgaris L. were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) was investigated at 50% ethanol extract ($15.25{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($8.68{\mu}g/mL$), and aglycone fraction ($8.25{\mu}g/mL$) respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay was investigated at 50% ethanol extract ($4.68{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($1.00{\mu}g/mL$), and aglycone fraction($1.02{\mu}g/mL$) respectively. In the cellular protective effect against $^1O_2$ induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes, extract/fractions of P. vulgaris L. were increased in a concentration dependent manner($1{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, ${\tau}_{50}$ of aglycone fraction at concentrations of $25{\mu}g/mL$ showed the most protective effects at 337.9 min. It's showed nine times higher (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}=38.7min$) as typical antioxidant in the $^1O_2$-induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. TLC and HPLC were used to analyse active components in the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of P. vulgaris L. In ethyl acetate fraction, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin 3-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) were identified. In aglycone fraction, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, kaempferol were identified. These results indicated that extract/fraction of P. vulgaris L. is may be used in cosmetics industry as natural antioxidants by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protecting cellular membranes.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

We evaluated the antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic effects of Oenothera laciniata methanol extract (OLME) in vitro by using melan-a cells. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of OLME was 66.3 and 19.0 mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating ability, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of OLME ($500{\mu}g/mL$) were 94.5%, 95.6%, and 63.6%, respectively. OLME and arbutin treatment at $50{\mu}g/mL$ significantly decreased melanin content by 35.5% and 14.2%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). OLME and arbutin treatment at $50{\mu}g/mL$ significantly inhibited intra-cellular tyrosinase activity by 22.6% and 12.6%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). OLME ($50{\mu}g/mL$) significantly decreased tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-M (MITF-M) mRNA expression by 57.1%, 67.3%, 99.0%, and 77.0%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). Arbutin ($50{\mu}g/mL$) significantly decreased tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 mRNA expression by 24.2%, 42.9%, and 48.5%, respectively, compared to control (p < 0.05). However, arbutin ($50{\mu}g/mL$) did not affect MITF-M mRNA expression. Taken together, OLME showed a good antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic effect in melan-a cells that was superior to that of arbutin, a well-known skin-whitening agent. The potential mechanism underlying the anti-melanogenic effect of OLME was inhibition of tyrosinase activity and down-regulation of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF-M mRNA expression.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.441-446
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• 1986

Some properties of extracellular guanine deaminase produced by Pseudomonas synxantha A3 were studied. The enzyme was stable at pH 6.5-7.5 and generally stable when it was incubated at 4$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes but inactivated gradually above 4$0^{\circ}C$. When the enzyme in 0.2M potassium phosphate (pH 8.0) was stored at room temperature, it was stable for thirty days. Alcohols and acetone were not effective for the eyzyme stability. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were around pH 7.0-8.0 and 5$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by 1mM of Hg$^{++}$, Ag$^+$ and Li$^+$ and by 0.1mM of Ag$^+$ with about 50% loss of activity. The enzyme inhibited by Li$^+$ was reactivated by EDTA. 1 mM of pentachlorophenol and p-CMB inactivated the enzyme with 50% and 40% loss of activity, respectively. The enzyme inactivated by p-CMB was reactivated by glutathione.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2013

To investigate the sensitivity of Sclerotium cepivorum causing garlic white rot to 5 fungicides, including prochloraz, tebuconazole, flutolanil, iminoctadine and isoprothiolane, 147 isolates isolated from infected garlics from 2008 to 2009 through a single sclerotium isolation were screened. While each mean value of $EC_{50}$ (effective concentration reducing mycelial growth by 50%) of S. cepivorum isolates collected in 2008 to each fungicide was 0.054, 0.012, 23.189, 0.901, and $21.362{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, that of 2009 isolates were 0.030, 0.020, 10.367, 1.684, $33.406{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$. There was a difference in mean value of $EC_{50}$ of S. cepivorum according to regions isolated. $EC_{50}$ values of S. cepivorum isolated in Goheung to flutolanil and isoprothiolane were 14.468 and $24.653{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, respectively, which was lower than those of Seosan and Taeahn. Isolates from Taeahn showed the lowest $EC_{50}$ value to prochloraz as $0.008{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$. In addition, we could not find any resistant isolates to fungicides tested. The $EC_{50}$ values in this study will be used in a fungicide resistance monitoring program to determine whether shifts in sensitivity to fungicides included into different groups are occurring in S. cepivorum populations.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.45-49
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• 1994

In this paper, photoacoustic image processing system was constructed by using 2W CW $CO_{2}$ laser of $10.6{\mu}m$ wavelength and PZT 5A acoustic transducer. Stainless steel of 5mm thickness was used as a sample in experiment. Three line cracks of $50{\mu}m$ in each width and depth were made by using plasma on the surface of the sample. Also, each gap among their lines was $200{\mu}m$ and $300{\mu}m$ in width. In the scan range of $2.2mm\times2mm$ including surface defects, a good image of $50{\mu}m$ resolution had been shown when modulation frequency of CW laser was 100Hz.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.516-522
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• 2006

This study was to assess the antimicrobial action of 2-hydroxyethyl ${\beta}$-undecenate purified from cumin (Cuminum cymium L.) seed against the oral anaerobe, Streptococcus mutans, which is associated with gingivitis, specifically focusing on the catabolic effect. 2-Hydroxyethyl ${\beta}$-undecenate inhibited the acid production and growth of S. mutans after 30 hr incubation at 50 mM. The glycolysis of S. mutans with glucose as substrate was similarly sensitive to 2-hydroxyethyl ${\beta}$-undecenate, with 70% inhibition of glucose utilization at 5 mM and 90% inhibition at 50 mM. In addition, this substance potently inhibited the glycolysis enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADP); the phosphoenolpyruvate, glucose phosphotransferase (Glucose-PTS); and membrane ATPase, in a concentration dependent manner. The $IC_{50}$ values for inhibition of GADP, Glucose-PTS, and ATPase were 1, 0.9, and 5 mM, respectively. Furthermore, 2-hydroxyethyl ${\beta}$-undecenate inhibited teeth calcium ion elution by 80% at 50 mM. These results suggest that 2-hydroxyethyl ${\beta}$-undecenate is a potent inhibitor of carbohydrate metabolism and the growth of S. mutans JC-2.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.475-479
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• 1997

The effects of amino acids and metabolites in growth media on the biosynthesis of prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens ATCC 25419 were examined. The prodigiosin synthesis was decreased approximately by 50 to 80% by several amino acids and metabolites tested. The prodigiosin synthesis was increased approximately by 20 to 40% by a low concentration of glyoxylate(1 to 3mM) and outstandingly increased by 122% at 5mM concentration under anaerobic condition. However, the prodigiosin synthesis was decreased approximately by 50 to 90% at a high concentration(20 to 30mM) under anaerobic condition. The prodigiosin was not synthesized by pyruvate and $\alpha$-ketobutyrate under aerobic and anaerobic condition, with addition to glyoxylate under aerobic condition, among the range from 0.5 to 30mM, while the cell growth under anaerobic condition was decreased distinctly by a high concentration(20mM above) of glyoxylate. These data suggest that the growth and prodigiosin of S. marcescens is positively regulated by a low concentration of glyoxylate (1-5mM), but repressed by a high concentration of glyoxylate(20mM above) unlike pyruvate and $\alpha$-ketobutyrate.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.349-353
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• 2007

To investigate the effect of NaCl concentration on plant growth in three halophytes, Suaeda asparagoides, Suaeda maritima, and Salicornia herbacea, and to select afforestation species for reclaimed land along the shore, this experiment was conducted by ebb and flow system added fertilize of 1/2 Hoagland solution and halophytes were cultured for 4 month treated by 0, 50, 200, 400 mM NaCl, respectively. The shoot height was increased with 0 and 50 mM NaCl treatment of Suaeda asparagoides and Suaeda maritima and decreased with 200, 400 mM NaCl treatment, whereas them of Salicornia herbacea was increased by 200 mM NaCl treatment. The higher NaCl concentrations, the lower fresh and dry weight in Suaeda asparagoides. In case Suaeda maritima and Salicornia herbacea, fresh and dry weight was increased by 200 mM NaCl treatment. The higher NaCl concentrations, the lower chlorophyll contents in shoot of all treatment. The proline contents of 400 mM treatment in Suaeda maritima was higher than them of other treatments. The shoot water potential was generally lower in 50mM as compared to the control in Suaeda asparagoides, Suaeda maritima, significantly.