• Title/Summary/Keyword: M3-competition

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COMPETITION INDICES OF STRONGLY CONNECTED DIGRAPHS

  • Cho, Han-Hyuk;Kim, Hwa-Kyung
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.637-646
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    • 2011
  • Cho and Kim [4] and Kim [6] introduced the concept of the competition index of a digraph. Cho and Kim [4] and Akelbek and Kirkland [1] also studied the upper bound of competition indices of primitive digraphs. In this paper, we study the upper bound of competition indices of strongly connected digraphs. We also study the relation between competition index and ordinary index for a symmetric strongly connected digraph.

Analysis of Price Competition between B&M and C&M Suppliers (B&M유통업체와 C&M 유통업체간의 가격경쟁 분석)

  • Cho, Hyung-Rae;Yu, Jung-Sub;Cha, Chun-Nam
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.379-389
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, we study the competition between two kinds of suppliers, a bricks and mortars(B&M) and a clicks and mortars(C&M). Using the circular spatial market model, we derive and analyze the Nash and Stackelberg equilibria as a function of offline market share and efficiency of online channel of the C&M supplier. The result can be summarized as follows: (1) Stackelberg equilibrium is always superior to the Nash equilibrium, (2) Under certain conditions, the price of online channel can be higher than that of offline channel, (3) It is impossible for the C&M supplier to encroach on all of the B&M supplier's market, (4) In some cases, the C&M supplier has incentive to lower the efficiency of its online channel for more profit.

A Study on Stand Structure and Competition Status by Site Types in Natural Deciduous Forest of Pyungchang, Kangwon-do (강원도(江原道) 평창(平昌) 지역(地域) 천연(天然) 활엽수림(闊葉樹林)의 입지유형별(立地類型別) 임분구조(林分構造)와 경쟁관계(競爭關係)의 구명(究明))

  • Shin, Man Yong;Yim, Jong Su;Lee, Don Koo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.90 no.3
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    • pp.295-305
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    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to reveal stand structure and competition status by site types of natural deciduous forest in Pyungchang, Kangwon-do. The study site was divided by nine different types based on elevation(higher than 1,000m, 700~1,000m. lower than 700m) and topography(ridge, slope, valley). The objective of this study is to provide a basic information necessary for the environment-friendly management methods of natural deciduous forest on the basis of the stand structure and competition status by site types. It is confirmed that the range from 700m to 1,000m in elevation was the most suitable for stand growth. Species diversity and richness index also tended to be increased as elevation decreased. The ridge was the best in terms of stand growth by topography and followed by slope and valley in order. In addition, as expected, species with high importance value showed relatively low evenness index. The distance-independent competition index was selected as the best competition index model in seven site types of natural deciduous forest. On the other hand, the distance-dependent competition index was highly correlated with periodic annual increment of diameter in both ridge at higher than 1,000m and valley of 700m to 1,000m in elevation. It is proved, as a result, that the best competition index model is somewhat different by site types. From the analysis growth characteristics and competition status by site types, it is identified that the species with high importance value performed well in both growth and competition. The growth of Q. mongolica was excellent in the areas of higher elevation than 700m. Although K. pilus had relatively low importance value in higher elevation than 1,000m and ridge of 700m to 1,000m, the species had stronger competition status rather than other species. Also, U. davidiana and M. amurensis were good in competition status at lower elevation than 1,000m. It is necessary, therefore, that appropriate tending practice should be adopted based on the growth pattern and competition status of each species distributed by site types.

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Using In Situ Resources and 3D Printing for Space Exploration Habitat Construction (행성탐사를 위한 거주지 건설 연구 : 현지자원 활용과 3D 프린팅 기술을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Jin Young;Lee, Tai Sik
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.337-343
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    • 2020
  • The third phase of NASA's 3D-Printed Habitat Challenge (part of a NASA's Centennial Challenges Program competition) required entrants to build a one-third-scale space exploration habitat (10 ㎡) using 3D-printing technology. This study addresses a proposed habitat (diameter: 3 m, height: 2 m) in accordance with the competition rules. The study focus is to find the most appropriate binder when KOHLS-1 was mixed for extruding and stacking as 3D printing feedstock using pellets, and to build a prototype structure as required by the competition. Unlike previous studies, this study was based around the binders and construction method, not around axis transfer velocity, flow rate, and heater temperature.

Competition - Ecological Classification of the Prominent Paddy Weed Species around Bulrush(Scirpus juncoides) (올챙고랭이(Scirpus juncoides)를 중심으로 한 주요(主要) 논 잡초종(雜草種)의 벼 경합생태적(競合生態的) 분류(分類))

  • Guh, J.O.;Heo, S.M.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.96-102
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    • 1985
  • A study on the competition-ecological classification of the 10 prominent paddy weed species around bulrush (Scirpus juneoides) to simplify the weed problem concept for the rice production. A serial assessments on the competition ability in space and dry matter production(nutrient depletion) of respective weed species and paddy rice, and the data were used to compute the phenotypic similarity by Single Link Clustering method. Both growth response of weed species in mono- and under the paddy rice standing was very similar (r = 0.969), but the reduction rate as affected by paddy rice standing was negatively correlated with the ability in space-competition(r=-0.513). Dendrogram of 10 weed species based on the phenotypic similarity computed in 4 characters in mono- and under the paddy rice standing was also similar, as Echinochloa c., Ludwigia p., Cyperus s., and Scirpus m. in I-group, Eleocharis k., Scirpus j, in II-group, and Juncus e., Potamogeton d. in III-group, respectively. Also, that of paddy rice to 10 weed species showed Fimbristylis m., Scirpus j., Eleocharis k., Scirpus m., Juncus e. in I-group, and Ludwigia p., Potamogeton d., Monochoria v. in II-group, respectively. The integrated dendrogram by the above two data indicate the I-group with Fimbristylis m., Scirpus j., Eleocharis k. and Juncus e., as higher growth response with relatively lower competition ability to paddy rice, II-group with Cyperus s., Echinochloa c., Potamogeton d., and Ludwigia p., as higher both in growth and competition, and the last, III-group with Monochoria v., and Scirpus m., as lower growth but higher competition, respectively.

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Performance for simple combinations of univariate forecasting models (단변량 시계열 모형들의 단순 결합의 예측 성능)

  • Lee, Seonhong;Seong, Byeongchan
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.385-393
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    • 2022
  • In this paper, we consider univariate time series models that are well known in the field of forecasting and we study on forecasting performance for their simple combinations. The univariate time series models include exponential smoothing methods and ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) models, their extended models, and non-seasonal and seasonal random walk models, which is frequently used as benchmark models for forecasting. The median and mean are simply used for the combination method, and the data set used for performance evaluation is M3-competition data composed of 3,003 various time series data. As results of evaluating the performance by sMAPE (symmetric mean absolute percentage error) and MASE (mean absolute scaled error), we assure that the simple combinations of the univariate models perform very well in the M3-competition dataset.

제3차 ICN 서울총회의 의미와 결과 -M&A 심사절차 관련 국제기준 4개 채택 성과-

  • 한국공정경쟁연합회
    • Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
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    • no.105
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    • pp.38-40
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    • 2004
  • 지난 4월 21일부터 22일까지 이틀 간 세계 공정거래위원장간 회의인 ICN(International Competition Network) 제3차 연차총회가 서울 롯데호텔에서 개최되었다. ICN은 2001년에 미국, EU, 한국 등 14개국의 주도로 창설된 세계 공정거래위원장간 협의체로서 현재 76개국의 86개 경쟁당국이 회원으로 가입한 경쟁정책 분야 최대규모의 국제기구이다. ICN 회원국들의 경제규모는 전세계 GDP의 $91\%$를 차지하고 있다.

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Global and Local Competition between Exogenously Introduced microRNAs and Endogenously Expressed microRNAs

  • Kim, Doyeon;Kim, Jongkyu;Baek, Daehyun
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.412-417
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    • 2014
  • It has been reported that exogenously introduced micro-RNA (exo-miRNA) competes with endogenously expressed miRNAs (endo-miRNAs) in human cells, resulting in a detectable upregulation of mRNAs with endo-miRNA target sites (TSs). However, the detailed mechanisms of the competition between exo- and endo-miRNAs remain uninvestigated. In this study, using 74 microarrays that monitored the whole-transcriptome response after introducing miRNAs or siRNAs into HeLa cells, we systematically examined the derepression of mRNAs with exo- and/or endo-miRNA TSs. We quantitatively assessed the effect of the number of endo-miRNA TSs on the degree of mRNA derepression. As a result, we observed that the number of endo-miRNA TSs was significantly associated with the degree of derepression, supporting that the derepression resulted from the competition between exo- and endo-miRNAs. However, when we examined whether the site proficiency of exo-miRNA TSs could also influence mRNA derepression, to our surprise, we discovered a strong positive correlation. Our analysis indicates that site proficiencies of both exo- and endo-miRNA TSs are important determinants for the degree of mRNA derepression, implying that the derepression of mRNAs in response to exo-miRNA is more complex than that currently perceived. Our observations may lead to a more complete understanding of the detailed mechanisms of the competition between exo- and endo-miRNAs and to a more accurate prediction of miRNA targets. Our analysis also suggests an interesting hypothesis that long 3'-UTRs may function as molecular buffer against gene expression regulation by individual miRNAs.