• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1897-1906
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• 2019

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) deficiency on intestinal pH value, digestive enzyme activity, morphology, nutrient utilization, and gene expression of NaPi-IIb in meat ducks from 1 to 21 d of age. Methods: A total of 525 one-d-old Cherry Valley ducklings were fed diets (with 7 pens of 15 ducklings, or 105 total ducklings, on each diet) with five levels of nPP (0.22%, 0.34%, 0.40%, 0.46%, or 0.58%) for 21 d in a completely randomized design. Five experimental diets contained a constant calcium (Ca) content of approximately 0.9%. Body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed to gain ratio (F:G) were measured at 14 and 21 d of age. Ducks were sampled for duodenum and jejunum digestion and absorption function on 14 and 21 d. Nutrient utilization was assessed using 25- to 27-d-old ducks. Results: The results showed ducks fed 0.22% nPP had lower (p<0.05) growth performance and nutrient utilization and higher (p<0.05) serum Ca content and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. When dietary nPP levels were increased, BW (d 14 and 21), BWG and FI (all intervals), and the serum phosphorus (P) content linearly and quadratically increased (p<0.05); and the jejunal pH value (d 14), duodenal muscle layer thickness (d 14), excreta dry matter, crude protein, energy, Ca and total P utilization linearly increased (p<0.05); however, the serum ALP activity, jejunal $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity, and duodenal NaPi-IIb mRNA level (d 21) linearly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that ducks aged from 1 to 21 d fed diets with 0.22% nPP had poor growth performance related to poor intestinal digestion and absorption ability; but when fed diets with 0.40%, 0.46%, and 0.58% nPP, ducks presented a better growth performance, intestinal digestion and absorption function.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.16.1-16.13
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• 2021

Background: Preconditioning with inflammatory stimuli is used to improve the secretion of anti-inflammatory agents in stem cells from variant species such as mouse, human, and dog. However, there are only few studies on feline stem cells. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the immune regulatory capacity of feline adipose tissue-derived (fAT) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pretreated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Methods: To assess the interaction of lymphocytes and macrophages with IFN-γ-pretreated fAT-MSCs, mouse splenocytes and RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with the conditioned media from IFN-γ-pretreated MSCs. Results: Pretreatment with IFN-γ increased the gene expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the MSCs. The conditioned media from IFN-γ-pretreated MSCs increased the expression levels of M2 macrophage markers and regulatory T-cell markers compared to those in the conditioned media from naive MSCs. Further, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) inhibitor NS-398 attenuated the immunoregulatory potential of MSCs, suggesting that the increased PGE₂ levels induced by IFN-γ stimulation is a crucial factor in the immune regulatory capacity of MSCs pretreated with IFN-γ. Conclusions: IFN-γ pretreatment improves the immune regulatory profile of fAT-MSCs mainly via the secretion of PGE₂, which induces macrophage polarization and increases regulatory T-cell numbers.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2021

본 연구는 국내 참나무 생육지에서 채집된 송로버섯의 일종인 T. himalayense 자실체 추출물(TH)의 항염증 활성을 확인하였다. LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 대식세포를 대상으로 한 염증 억제 실험에서 TH는 100 ㎍/ml 이하의 농도에서 세포독성을 보이지 않았으며 LPS에 의해 증가된 NO와 PGE₂의 생성을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. Western blot 분석 결과로 볼 때, TH의 항염증 활성은 iNOS와 COX-2 유전자의 발현억제에 의해 NO와 PGE₂의 생성이 감소된 것으로부터 유발된 것임을 입증한다. 또한, TH가 대식세포에 의해 생산 및 분비되는 cytokine IL-1β와 IL-6의 생성을 효과적으로 저해함을 확인하였다. T. himalayense는 다양한 염증 매개체들의 과발현을 효과적으로 억제하며, 이를 표적으로 하는 항염증 관련 식품 및 의약품에 다양하게 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 추후 염증 예방 물질로 적용 될 수 있는 가능성을 높이기 위하여 염증성 작용 기전에 대한 자세한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2018

Mold grows more easily when humidity is higher in indoor spaces, and as such is found more often on wetted areas in housing such as walls, toilets, kitchens, and poorly managed spaces. However, there have been few studies that have specifically assessed the level of mold in the indoor spaces of water-damaged housing in the Republic of Korea. We investigated the levels of airborne mold according to the characteristics of water damage types and explored the correlation between the distribution of mold genera and the characteristics of households. Samplings were performed from January 2016 to June 2018 in 97 housing units with water leakage or condensation, or a history of flooding, and in 61 general housing units in the metropolitan and Busan area, respectively. Airborne mold was collected on MEA (Malt extract agar) at flow rate of 100 L/min for 1 min. After collection, the samples were incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 120 hours. The cultured samples were counted and corrected using a positive hole conversion table. The samples were then analyzed by single colony culture, DNA extraction, gene amplification, and sequencing. By type of housing, concentrations of airborne mold were highest in flooded housing, followed by water-leaked or highly condensed housings, and then general housing. In more than 50% of water-damaged housing, the level of airborne mold exceeded the guideline of Korea's Ministry of Environment ($500CFU/m^3$). Of particular concern was the fact that the I/O ratio of water-damaged housing was greater than 1, which could indicate that mold damage may occur indoors. The distribution patterns of the fungal species were as follows: Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp. (14%), Aspergillus spp. (13%) and Alternaria spp. (3%), but significant differences of their levels in indoor spaces were not found. Our findings indicate that high levels of mold damage were found in housing with water damage, and Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium brevicompactum were more dominant in housing with high water activity. Comprehensive management of flooded or water-damaged housing is necessary to reduce fungal exposure.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2020

Feline calicivirus (FCV) infection results in a common upper respiratory disease associated with oral ulceration in cats. Although FCV infection has been reported in cats worldwide, the biologic and genetic features of South Korean FCV are unclear. We aimed to investigate the biological and genetic features of South Korean FCV isolates. Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells were used to isolate FCV from 58 organ homogenate samples. The FCV isolates were confirmed by cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Viral genetic analysis was carried out with VP2 gene and complete genomes of FCVs. Five viruses propagated in CRFK cells were confirmed to be FCVs. The FCV17D283 isolate showed the highest viral titer of 107.2 TCID50/mL at 36 h post-inoculation. Korean FCV isolates did not grow well in Vero, BHK-21, A72, or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The FCV17D03 and FCV17D283 isolates had the highest genetic similarity (80.1% and 86.9%) with the UTCVM-H1 and 14Q315 strains, which were isolated in the United States and South Korea in 1995 and 2014, respectively. We isolated five FCVs from cats and detected important genetic differences among them. FCV isolates did not show any virulent effects in mice.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2021

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a clonal bone marrow stem cell disorder, primarily involving the megakaryocytic lineage. The WHO 2016 guidelines include the molecular detection of JAK2, MPL, and CALR mutations as a major diagnostic criterion for ET. This study aimed to determine the frequency of JAK2 V617F, MPL W515L, and CALR mutations in Iraqi Kurdish patients afflicted with ET, and to analyze their clinical and hematological features. A total of 73 Iraqi Kurdish patients with ET were enrolled as subjects, and analysis was achieved utilizing real-time PCR. The frequency of JAK2 V617F, CALR, and MPL W515L mutations was determined to be 50.7%, 22%, and 16.4%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was obtained when considering the age and gender among different genotypes. The JAK2 V617F mutated patients had significantly higher white blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels than the CALR-positive patients (P-value=0.000, 0.007, respectively), MPL W515L-positive patients (P-value=0.000, 0.000, respectively), and triple negative patients (P-value=0.000, 0.000, respectively). Also, the JAK2 V617F mutated patients showed higher platelet count as compared to the MPL W515L-positive patients (P-value=0.02) and triple negative patients (P-value=0.04). Furthermore, significantly lower white blood cell count and hemoglobin levels were associated with CALR positivity (P-value=0.000, 0.01, respectively), MPL W515L-positivity (P-value=0.001, 0.000, respectively), and triple negativity (P-value=0.000, 0.000, respectively), as compared to patients with combined mutations. In conclusion, apart from a relatively high frequency of MPL W515L mutation, our data is comparable to earlier reports, and highlights the importance of genotyping the JAK2 V617F, MPL W515L, and CALR mutations for accurate diagnosis of patients with ET.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2001

본 실험실에서는 최근에 SINE계 B$_1$과 B$_2$의 융합서열이 리포터유전자의 게놈내 삽입을 증가 시킴을 증명하는 결과를 보고하였다. Supercoil 형태일 때 대조구가 6%, SINE 벡터가 25%, 그리고 linear 형태일 때 각각 16%와 63%로 나타났다. 이번 실험에서는 이들 두가지 형태의 벡터를 같은 양으로 혼합한 DNA를 미세주입에 응용함으로서, 전체 게놈내 삽입률 중에서 과연 supercoil 형태의 벡터가 어느 정도로 기여하는지를 조사하였다. 수정란의 전핵에 혼합형태의 DNA를 미세주입한 후 배반포기의 생쥐배아를 대상으로 베타-갈락토시데아제 발현 여부를 조사한 결과 대조구의 경우 17.3%, SINE계 벡터의 경우 46.6%가 양성을 나타내었다. 이 결과는 아마도 supercoil 형태의 벡터는 독자적인 삽입 경로를 가지지 않음을 의미하는 것이며, 대부분의 경우 외래 유전자의 삽입은 linear 형태로 삽입이 이루어지는 듯 하다. 부가적으로 미세주입 결과로부터 일부 삽입 기작을 짐작할 수 있는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2024

The oldest and most extensively cultivated form of millet, known as pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Syn. Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), is raised over 312.00 lakh hectares in Asian and African countries. India is regarded as the significant hotspot for pearl millet diversity. In the Indian state of Haryana, where pearl millet is grown, a new and catastrophic bacterial disease known as stem rot of pearl millet spurred by the bacterium Klebsiella aerogenes (formerly Enterobacter) was first observed during fall 2018. The disease appears in form of small to long streaks on leaves, lesions on stem, and slimy rot appearance of stem. The associated bacterium showed close resemblance to Klebsiella aerogenes that was confirmed by a molecular evaluation based on 16S rDNA and gyrA gene nucleotide sequences. The isolates were also identified to be Klebsiella aerogenes based on biochemical assays, where Klebsiella isolates differed in D-trehalose and succinate alkalisation tests. During fall 2021-2023, the disease has spread all the pearl millet-growing districts of the state, extending up to 70% disease incidence in the affected fields. The disease is causing considering grain as well as fodder losses. The proposed scale, consisting of six levels (0-5), is developed where scores 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 have been categorized as highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible disease reaction, respectively. The disease cycle, survival of pathogen, and possible losses have also been studied to understand other features of the disease.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.665-676
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 기후변화로 인한 온도상승에 따른 과실 착색 불량 등의 문제를 해결하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 고온에 의해 과피에서 발현되는 유전자들의 발현 양상 특성을 분석하였다. '하례조생'과 '부지화' 감귤 과실을 숙기 별로 수확하여 온도 조건(25, 30, $35^{\circ}C$)을 처리하고 당대사, 과피 착색, 세포벽 연화에 관련된 유전자들의 발현을 확인하였다. 유전자들은 '하례조생'과 '부지화'에서 각각 다른 양상으로 발현하였는데, beta-amylase(BMY), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL), chalcone synthase(CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase(F3H) 등의 유전자 발현은 대체적으로 유도되었고, polygalacturonase(PG) 유전자는 발현이 감소되는 경향이었다. '하례조생'은 과피 착색과 관련된 유전자인 CHS와 F3H는 성숙이 진행된 2-3단계에서 $25^{\circ}C$에 비해 고온에서 유전자 발현이 감소하였으며, PAL과 stilbene synthase(STS) 유전자는 $25^{\circ}C$에 비해 $30-35^{\circ}C$ 처리구에서 유전자 발현이 증가하였다. 2-3단계의 '부지화'에서는 BMY 유전자가 $25^{\circ}C$에 비해 $30-35^{\circ}C$에서 유전자 발현이 증가하였으며, F3H와 STS 유전자의 발현은 과실 성숙단계에서 모두 감소하는 경향이었고 온도의 영향은 크지 않았다. 성숙 1, 2단계에서 유전자의 발현 양상은 두 품종 모두에서 대체로 비슷한 경향이었는데, 3단계에서 '부지화' 과실의 유전자 발현은 '하례조생'과는 다르게 감소하는 경향이었다. 성숙이 진행되는 감귤류인 '하례조생'에서 '부지화'에 비해 7종류의 유전자의 발현이 많았으며, 고온에 따른 반응의 차이도 크게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 도출한 결과를 바탕으로 과실의 전사체를 분석함으로써 고온에 의한 감귤 과실의 성숙불량 문제를 이해하는 주요한 정보를 획득할 수 있을 것이다

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.643-653
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• 2003

막내골화와 연골내골화 등의 정상적인 골격 성장은 섬유아세포 성장인자 (FGF) 와 이들 수용체들 (FGFR) 에 의한 신호 전달체계에 의해 조절된다. 또한 전사조절인자인 Runx2 ($Cbfa1/Pebp2{\alpha}A/AML3$) 는 골아세포분화 뿐만 아니라 골형성에도 필수적인 유전자로 알려져 있다. FGF signaling이 mouse의 두개관과 하악에서의 연골 형성에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있으며, 이 과정에서 Runx2의 연관성을 알아보고자 in vivo 및 in vitro 실험을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 두개관과 하악을 Alcian blue 염색한 결과 시상두개봉합부 연골은 태생 16일부터, Meckel's 연골은 태생11일부터 형성되기 시작하였다. 이들 연골세포들의 성상을 알아보기위한 in situ hybridization 결과 시상두개봉합부 연골 및 Meckel's 연골 모두에서 type II collagen은 발현되었으나, Type X collagen은 발현되지 않았다. Runx2 mRNA는 시상두개봉합부 연골과 Meckel's 연골 모두에서 발현되지 않았지만, 이들 연골들의 가장자리를 둘러싸고 있는 독특한 발현양상을 나타내었다. 두개봉합부에서의 FGF2 protein의 국소적 적용은 두개봉합부 하방의 연골형성을 억제하였다. 또한 하악의 Meckel's 연골 발생 부위에 FGF2 protein의 국소적 적용 역시 Meckel's 연골의 형성을 억제하였다. FGF2 protein은 시상두개봉합부상의 bead 주위로 Runx2의 발현을 유도하였다. 이 결과들을 종합해볼 때, FGF signaling은 골아세포와 연골아세포가 공존하고 있는 조직에서의 연골 형성을 억제하고 있음을 시사해 주고 있으며, 이 과정에서 FGF signaling은 부분적으로 Runx2 유전자의 발현을 조절하므로써 연골세포의 증식과 분화에 관여할 것으로 사료된다.