• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2005

A cDNA, PSOD1, encoding cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) was cloned and characterized from a full length cDNA library prepared from Populus alba${\times}$Populus glandulosa cultured in vitro. A PSOD1, is 725 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 459 bp with 152 amino acid residues (pI 5.43). The deduced amino acid sequence of PSOD1 perfect matched to the previously reported CuZn-SOD (CAC33845.1). Consensus amino acid residues (His-45, -47, -62, -70, -79, -119) were involved in Cu-, Cu/Zn-, and Zn- binding ligands. The deduced amino acid sequence of PSOD1 exhibited the high level of similarity from 100 to $85\%$ among previously registered SOD genes. The expression of PSOD1 in poplar increased at the 1 mM $H_{2}O_2$ and drought stress during 30 min and 60 min, but the ozone treated poplar increased at 30 min in the early time and then decreased at 60 min.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 1978

Thirty nine clones of ${\times}$Populus alba glandulosa were selected tentatively and planted in Hwasung in Kyunggi-do, Jinju in Kyungnam-do, Myongju in Kangweon-do. Height measurements after tree growing seasons, indicated significant differences between clones and locations. Interaction between clones and locations were not significant statistically. Among 39 clones, 65-29-19, 65-11-106, 67-47-10, 66-14-149, 64-6-44 were best performing clones. Height measurements in Hwasung Kyunggi, and Jinju Kyungnam were 3.83m, 4.02m respectively, while that in Myongju Kangweon was only 1.06m. Myongju plantation in Kangweon-do is located in altitude of 800m and its average annual temperature was $6.2^{\circ}C$. Retarded growth in this plantation is caused high altitude and low temperature of the plantation which resulted from nearly three monthes shorter growing period than two other plantations. It is also recommended that straightness of stem, branching, wood quality and insect and disease-resistance have to be considered as selection criteria along with growth performance.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 1980

In our country there are five species of Morus genus including Morus alba L.. Also their varieties and hybrids are distributed so much. In sucession of previous report we collected control and marketing specimens of Mori Cortex Radicis, comparative experiments were pharmacognostically carried out to identify the control specimen by the differences of external and internal morphology. It was difficult to identify marketing specimens by external morphology, because they are similar in spite of conparating with control specimen which the origin is definite. In internal morphology, medullary ray is developed near the cambium to primary bark in control specimen A(Morus alba series) and C(M. Lhou series), but less developed in B(M. bombycis series). The difference of these three series was observed. The thickness of cork layer is almost the same($7{\sim}12$ layers) in A and C series, but B is thin layer and sample E(that on the market) is generally more thick and has a stick cork cell. The kinds of starch, Ca-oxalate and latex, cell centents were same, but it was easy to identify them by the differences of their distribution. The bast fibre of D(wild specimen) and E were light lignified, latex tube of A and C series was richer distributed than others. These results show that the origin of Mori Cortex Radicis on the market can be appreciated in four groups of Korean Morus genus which are M. alba, M. bambycis, M. Lhou series and the others.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2003

The hormonal requirement suiting micropropagation of Morus alba during any season throughout the year was studied. Sprouting frequency from axillary buds of M. alba was greatly influenced by the time of explant collection, the highest value was achieved when nodal explants were collected at the end of bud dormancy period (late in March) and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of BAP, kinetin or IBA (85-68%). In addition, they showed higher axillary bud sprouting on growth-regulators-free medium (49%) than others collected in autumn or winter and cultured on medium supplemented with various growth regulators (47-48%). Regardless of that period, young explants with greenish buds collected in summer exhibiting high sprouting frequency (66%) on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 0.5 mg/L GA3. Shoot multiplication via adventitious bud formation was achieved when the nodal explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L IBA. Further multiplication via nodal explants of in vitro grown shoots was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mglL BAP and 0.5 mg/L GA3. While half strength MS medium supplemented with low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of IBA, IAA or 2,4-D stimulated adventitious root formation, IBA was the best. After transfer the plantlets to the soil, acclimatization for three weeks was essential prerequisite for survival in high frequency (92%). Peroxidase activity is related to break of bud dormancy where maximum enzyme activity was detected when the lateral buds were induced to commence growth under field condition (early in spring) or in vitro.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.20-27
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• 1981

Populus alba x glandulosa shows greater growth performance in the lower part of the hill than in the upper part. In order to study this reason, correlation between the soil factors and the growth was examined. The results were as follows. 1. Annual mean height growth was 1.29m in foot hill but 0.7m in upper part, showing 184$\%$ better growth in the foot hill than in the upper part and the similar situation was shown in the diameter growth. The longer slope distance, the better growth: generally the good growth shows in the first harf of the distance. 2. High positive correlation shows between the growth performance and soil moisture: r=0.76 in the hight and r=0.71 in the diameter, and also positive correlation between soil depth and the growth performance. r=0.65 in the height and r=0.79 in the diameter. On the other hand, negative correlation between the slope and soil depth are considered as limiting factors to the growth. 3. A significant correlation appeared between growth performance and organic matter and between the growth performance and total nitrogen as well. This shows that the nutrient elements were contained much in the foot hill. 4. The correlation between the height growth and potassium, and between the growth and calcium and pH were shown . 5. However, no correlation was shown between the growth and available phosphate, magnesium and available managanese .

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for isolation and culture of mesophyll protoplasts from Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa. The results obtained from the experiments are as follows; 1) The suitable concentration of BAP for shoot multiplication was 0.4 mg/l. 2) High yield and viability of isolated protoplasts were obtained by our high enzyme-short time incubation method. 3) Optimum enzyme concentrations for mesophyll protoplast isolation were Cellulase 2%, Macerozyme 0.8%, Hemicellulase 1.2%, Driselase 2%, and Pectolyase Y-23 0.05%. 4) 0.6M mannitol in enzyme solution was the most effective for protoplast isolation and viability. 5) The most adequate pH level of enzyme solution was pH 5.6. 6) The effect of DTT and MES buffer was significant. 7) For protoplast purification, 0.6M sucrose was the most proper concentration. 8) The adding effect of Dextran T40 in floating solution was important. 9) The mesophyll protoplasts isolated through our high enzyme-short time incubation method revealed successful response to culture condition over 3 weeks of culture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.2
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• pp.216-219
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• 2006

After long exposure to low-density $SO_2$ the five tree species showed different changes in their visible damage: Ailanthus altissima showed no visible damage; Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa, and Platanus orientalis showed typical damage of yellow spots on their leaves; and Liriodendron tulipifera showed serious damage on the end of leaf tip. The photosynthesis rate of Liriodendron tulipifera and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus was usually lower than the control group: Ailanthus altissima, Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa, and Platanus orientalis showed no difference from the control group, while Acanthopanax sessiliflorus and Liriodendron tulipifera showed large changes. In regard to the light compensation points, Ailanthus altissima showed similar values, Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa and Platanus orientalis exposed to $SO_2$, showed 3 to $5{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ higher values than the control group, and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus and Liriodendron tulipifera exposed to $SO_2$ showed approximately twice higher light compensation points.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.177-184
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• 2021

The root bark of Morus alba L. (MA) used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of pulmonary diseases exerts various pharmacological activities including anticancer effects. In the current study, we investigated the effects of MA on the migration and invasion of colorectal carcinoma cells. Results from a transwell assay showed that the methylene chloride extract of MA (MEMA) suppressed the migration and invasion of HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. MEMA reduced both mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, but did not suppress the expression of MMP-2 in HCT116 cells. As a molecular mechanism, MEMA inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including ERK, JNK and p38, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, MEMA dephosphorylated both Src and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in HCT116 cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that MEMA suppressed the migration and invasion capacity of HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells by downregulation of MMP-9 and inactivation of both MAPKs and Src/STAT3 signaling pathway.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.171-178
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• 2023

Morus alba, a popular medicinal plant belonging to the family Moraceae, has long been used commonly in traditional medicine and has various physiological activities, including antidiabetic, anti-microbial, diuretic, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer activities. Morusinol was isolated from the root bark of M. alba; however, its biological effects have not yet been reported. Therefore, we examined the inhibitory effects of morusinol on human platelet aggregation, Ca²⁺ mobilization, and αIIb/β₃ activity. Our data showed that collagen-induced human platelet aggregation was inhibited by morusinol without cytotoxicity. In this study, we examined whether morusinol inhibits platelet aggregation through the regulation of integrin αIIb/β₃ and its associated signaling molecules. We observed that morusinol inhibited αIIb/β₃ activation by regulating vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, Akt (protein kinase B), and glycogen synthase kinase-3α/β. These results show that morusinol inhibited fibronectin adhesion, fibrinogen binding, and clot retraction. Taken together, morusinol shows strong antiplatelet and anti-clot retraction effects and is a potential therapeutic drug candidate to prevent platelet-related thrombosis and cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1559-1567
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• 2021

The root bark of Morus alba L. has cytotoxic activity against several types of cancer cells. However, little is known about its chemopreventive mechanisms and bioactive metabolites. In this study, we showed that M. alba L. root bark extracts (MRBE) suppressed β-catenin response transcription (CRT), which is aberrantly activated in various cancers, by promoting the degradation of β-catenin. In addition, MRBE repressed the expression of the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF)-dependent genes, c-myc and cyclin D1, thus inhibiting the proliferation of RPMI-8226 multiple myeloma (MM) cells. MRBE induced apoptosis in MM cells, as evidenced by the increase in the population of annexin VFITC-positive cells and caspase-3/7 activity. We identified ursolic acid in MRBE through LC/mass spectrum (MS) and observed that it also decreased intracellular β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 levels. Furthermore, it suppressed the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells by stimulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These findings suggest that MRBE and its active ingredient, ursolic acid, exert antiproliferative activity by promoting the degradation of β-catenin and may have significant chemopreventive potential against MM.