• 분석과학
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2019

A simple and reliable analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection was established for the analysis of the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium (CM). Luteolin-7-O-glucoside (LU7G) was chosen as a target analyte considering its content, availability, and ease of analysis. Chromatographic separation of LU7G was achieved using a Phenomenex Gemini $C_{18}$ column ($250{\times}4.6mm$, $5{\mu}m$) run with a mobile phase consisting of 0.5 % acetic acid in water and 0.5 % acetic acid in acetonitrile at a flow rate of $1.0mL\;min^{-1}$. The detection wavelength and column temperature were set at 350 nm and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. Method validation was performed according to the AOAC guidelines and the method was specific, linear ($R^2=0.9991$ for $50-300{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$), precise (${\leq}3.91%$RSD), and accurate (100.1-105.7 %). The limits of detection and quantification were 3.62 and $10.96{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, respectively. The established method was successfully applied to determine the contents of LU7G in various batches of bulk CM extracts and labscale CM extract. The developed method is a readily applicable method for the quality assessment of CM and its related products.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2002

Let I be an ideal in a Gorenstein local ring A with the maximal ideal m and d = dim A. Then we say that I is a good ideal in A, if I contains a reduction $Q=(a_1,a_2,...,a_d)$ generated by d elements in A and $G(I)=\bigoplus_{n\geq0}I^n/I^{n+1}$ of I is a Gorenstein ring with a(G(I)) = 1-d, where a(G(I)) denotes the a-invariant of G(I). Let S = A[Q/a$_1$] and P = mS. In this paper, we show that the following conditions are equivalent. (1) $I^2$ = QI and I = Q:I. (2) $I^2S$ = $a_1$IS and IS = $a_1$S：sIS. (3) $I^2$Sp = $a_1$ISp and ISp = $a_1$Sp ：sp ISp. We denote by $X_A(Q)$ the set of good ideals I in $X_A(Q)$ such that I contains Q as a reduction. As a Corollary of this result, we show that $I\inX_A(Q)\Leftrightarrow\IS_P\inX_{SP}(Qp)$.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.341-356
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• 2007

A good understanding of normal modal variability of civil structures due to varying environmental conditions such as temperature and wind is important for reliable performance of vibration-based damage detection methods. This paper addresses the quantification of wind-induced modal variability of a cable-stayed bridge making use of one-year monitoring data. In order to discriminate the wind-induced modal variability from the temperature-induced modal variability, the one-year monitoring data are divided into two sets: the first set includes the data obtained under weak wind conditions (hourly-average wind speed less than 2 m/s) during all four seasons, and the second set includes the data obtained under both weak and strong (typhoon) wind conditions during the summer only. The measured modal frequencies and temperatures of the bridge obtained from the first set of data are used to formulate temperature-frequency correlation models by means of artificial neural network technique. Before the second set of data is utilized to quantify the wind-induced modal variability, the effect of temperature on the measured modal frequencies is first eliminated by normalizing these modal frequencies to a reference temperature with the use of the temperature-frequency correlation models. Then the wind-induced modal variability is quantitatively evaluated by correlating the normalized modal frequencies for each mode with the wind speed measurement data. It is revealed that in contrast to the dependence of modal frequencies on temperature, there is no explicit correlation between the modal frequencies and wind intensity. For most of the measured modes, the modal frequencies exhibit a slightly increasing trend with the increase of wind speed in statistical sense. The relative variation of the modal frequencies arising from wind effect (with the maximum hourly-average wind speed up to 17.6 m/s) is estimated to range from 1.61% to 7.87% for the measured 8 modes of the bridge, being notably less than the modal variability caused by temperature effect.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1993년도 Fifth International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress 93
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• pp.1033-1036
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• 1993

Most of the today realized fuzzy logic control applications has been designed using different heuristic approaches for synthesis and implemented with conventional programming languages on general purpose microcontrollers. This paper aims to present a new methodology to design a fuzzy controller. The methodology is based on the Cell-to-Cell approach to extract the control law. A set of fuzzy rules is then found by using a FAM (Fuzzy associative memories) approach. The proposed procedure was implemented to control the rotor position of a DC motor.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.703-722
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• 2021

Let G = (V, E) be a connected locally finite and weighted graph, ∆_p be the p-th graph Laplacian. Consider the p-th nonlinear equation -∆_pu + h|u|^p-2u = f(x, u) on G, where p > 2, h, f satisfy certain assumptions. Grigor'yan-Lin-Yang [24] proved the existence of the solution to the above nonlinear equation in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ V. In this paper, we show that there exists a strictly positive solution on the infinite set V to the above nonlinear equation by modifying some conditions in [24]. To the m-order differential operator 𝓛_m,p, we also prove the existence of the nontrivial solution to the analogous nonlinear equation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1742-1750
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• 2015

Human insulin is composed of 21 amino acids of an A-chain and 30 amino acids of a B-chain. This is the protein hormone that has the role of blood sugar control. When the recombinant human proinsulin is expressed in Escherichia coli, a serious problem is the formation of an inclusion body. Therefore, the inclusion body must be denatured and refolded under chaotropic agents and suitable reductants. In this study, H27R-proinsulin was refolded from the denatured form with β-mercaptoethanol and urea. The refolding reaction was completed after 15 h at $15^{\circ}C$, whereas the reaction at $25^{\circ}C$ was faster than that at $15^{\circ}C$. The refolding yield at $15^{\circ}C$ was 17% higher than that at $25^{\circ}C$. The refolding reaction could be carried out at a high protein concentration (2 g/l) using direct refolding without sulfonation. The most economical and optimal refolding condition for human preproinsulin was 1.5 g/l protein, 10 mM glycine buffer containing 0.6 M urea, pH 10.6, and 0.3 mM β-mercaptoethanol at $15^{\circ}C$ for 16 h. The maximum refolding yield was 74.8% at $15^{\circ}C$ with 1.5 g/l protein. Moreover, the refolded preproinsulin could be converted into normal mature insulin with two enzymes. The average amount of human insulin was 138.2 g from 200 L of fermentation broth after enzyme reaction with H27R-proinsulin. The direct refolding process for H27R-proinsulin was successfully set up without sulfonation. The step yields for refolding and enzyme reaction were comparatively high. Therefore, our refolding process for production of recombinant insulin may be beneficial to the large-scale production of other biologically active proteins.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2004

cAMP수용성 단백질(CRP)은 E. coli의 100가지 이상의 유전자 전자조절에 관계된다. CRP는 dimer로 존재하며 cAMP의 결합으로 활성인 형태로 전환된다. 이중체인 CRP 단백질의 열 안정성과 구조 전이의 연구에 효과적인 온도 기울기 전기영동장치를 이용하여 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 야생형과 S83C CRP 단백질의 melting temperature (Tm)는 산성인 완충용액[89.8 mM Glycine, 24mM Boric acid (pH 5.8)]에서 57$\pm$1(야생형 CRP)과 55$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ (S83G CRP)였다. 그리고 온도에 따른 CRP 단백질의 구조변화도 protease digestion과 CD spectropolarimeter을 이용하여 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.359-368
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• 2008

검정콩 품질평가의 한 기준이 되는 안토시아닌의 함량평가를 위한 분석기술 개발의 일환으로 검정콩 종피 함유 안토시아닌의 최적 HPLC 분석조건을 확립하여 검정콩 함유 안토시아닌의 작물학적 연구와 검정콩 함유 안토시아닌의 이용도 증진 및 상업적 활용에 기초 자료를 제공하고자, 검정콩에 함유된 3종의 안토시아닌 성분을 동시에 분석할 수 있고, 재현성 및 검출 감도가 증진된 최적의 HPLC 분석 조건을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 검정콩에 함유된 3종의 안토시아닌 D3G, C3G 및 Pt3G를 동시에 분석할 수 있는 최적의 HPLC 분석 조건을 검토한 결과 컬럼은 YMC-pak ODS-AM 303($4.6{\times}250\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$) 컬럼을 이용하고, 검출파장은 520 nm, 컬럼온도를 $30^{\circ}C$, 분당유속은 0.7 mL, 이동상 용매로는 A용매로 5% 포믹산 - 증류수, B용매로 5% 포믹산 - 아세토니트릴을 사용하여 농도구배 조건으로 분석하는 것이 가장 분리능이 향상된 효율적 분석법으로 조사되었다. 2. 검정콩에 함유된 3종의 안토시아닌 D3G, C3G 및 Pt3G를 동시에 분석할 수 있는 최적 HPLC 분석 조건의 재현성 검정을 실시한 결과 머무름시간(Rt.)의 변이계수는 최대 1.24%, peak height의 변이계수는 최대 2.04%, peak area의 변이계수는 최대 0.21% 미만을 나타내므로 확립된 검정콩 함유 안토시아닌 동시분석을 위한 최적 HPLC 분석 조건은 극히 높은 분석 재현성을 나타내었다. 3. 확립된 최적 HPLC 분석조건의 최소 검출한계(LOD, Limit of Detection)를 평가하기 위해 검출기의 signal/noise ratio = 3인 조건에서 최소 검출한계를 조사한 결과 3종의 검정콩 종피 함유 안토시아닌 색소의 최소 검출한계는 최소 10 ppb(0.01 ppm, 10 ng/mL) 이하에서도 완벽하게 검출되는 양상을 나타내므로 확립된 최적의 HPLC 분석조건은 검정콩 함유 안토시아닌의 작물학적 특성 평가용으로 활용하기에 전혀 무리가 없는 분석법으로 조사되었다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The computational fluid dynamics of flow and fine particles in a road were set to determine the insert flow and occurrence characteristics. METHODS : The road extension was 100 m with two lanes. A one-ton truck traveled a 50-m distance. After a noise barrier was installed on one side of the road, the flow and a collision analysis were tested. RESULTS : The flow that occurred was 5 m/s beside the vehicle, and fine particulate was $5.0{\times}10^2{\mu}g/m^3$ after 20 m from the exhaust vent. CONCLUSIONS : After a collision analysis of the fine particulate on the noise barrier to find the most suitable position of the filter panel in height, the bottom 1 m was the most optimum position because 88.1% of the distribution was concentrated there.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2011

Concave surface boundary-layer flows are subjected to centrifugal instability which results in the formation of streamwise counter-rotating vortices. Such boundary layer flows have been experimentally investigated on concave surfaces of 1 m and 2 m radius of curvature. In the experiments, to obtain uniform vortex wavelengths, thin perturbation wires placed upstream and perpendicular to the concave surface leading edge, were used to pre-set the wavelengths. Velocity contours were obtained from hot-wire anemometer velocity measurements. The most amplified vortex wavelengths can be pre-set by the spanwise spacing of the thin wires and the free-stream velocity. The velocity contours on the cross-sectional planes at several streamwise locations show the growth and breakdown of the vortices. Three different vortex growth regions can be identified. The occurrence of a secondary instability mode is also shown as mushroom-like structures as a consequence of the non-linear growth of the streamwise vortices. Wall shear stress measurements on concave surface of 1 m radius of curvature reveal that the spanwise-averaged wall shear stress increases well beyond the flat plate boundary layer values. By pre-setting much larger or much smaller vortex wavelength than the most amplified one, the splitting or merging of the streamwise vortices will respectively occur.