• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2013

Objectives : Yijin-tang has been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, gastritis, and gastric ulcer. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous analysis of six compounds, liquiritin, glycyrrhizin, hesperidin, 6-gingerol, homogentisic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde in Yijin-tang, a traditional Korean herbal medicinal preparation. Methods : A Gemini C18 column was used for the separation of six constituents at $40^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase using gradient elution consist of two solvent systems, 1.0% acetic acid in water (A) and 1.0% acetic acid in acetonitrile (B). The flow-rate was 1.0 mL/min and injection volume was $10{\mu}g$. The detector was a photodiode array (PDA) detector set at 254 nm and 280 nm. Results : The calibration curves of six compounds showed good linearity in various concentration ranges ($R^2{\geq}0.9997$). The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.028-$0.192{\mu}g/mL$ and 0.093-$0.540{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The RSD (%) of the intra and inter day validations were 0.03-0.84% and 0.05 -1.00%, respectively. Recovery was 96.14-01.90% and RSD (%) was less than 1.5%. Conclusions : The established simultaneous analysis methods will help management to improve the quality of Yijin-tang.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.655-665
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• 2018

Shield tunnels are widely used throughout the world. However, their seismic performance has not been well studied. This paper focuses on the seismic response of a large scale model tunnel in compacted sand. A 9.3 m long, 3.7 m wide and 2.5 m high rigid box was filled with sand so as to simulate the sandy soil surrounding the tunnel. The setup was excited on a large-scale shake table. The model tunnel used was a 1:8 scaled model with a cross-sectional diameter of 900 mm. The effective shock absorbing layer (SAL) on the seismic response of the model tunnel was also investigated. The thickness of the tunnel lining is 60 mm. The earthquake motion recorded from the Kobe earthquake waves was used. The ground motions were scaled to have the same peak accelerations. A total of three peak accelerations were considered (i.e., 0.1 g, 0.2 g and 0.4 g). During the tests, the strain, acceleration and soil pressure on the surface of the tunnel were measured. In order to investigate the effect of shock absorbing layer on the dynamic response of the sand- tunnel system, two tunnel models were set up, one with and one without the shock absorbing layer of foam board were used. The results shows the longitudinal direction acceleration of the model tunnel with a shock absorbing layer were lower than those of model tunnel without the shock absorbing layer, Which indicates that the shock absorbing layer has a beneficial effect on the acceleration reduction. In addition, the shock absorbing layer has influence on the hoop strain and earth pressure of the model tunnel, this the effect of shock absorbing layer to the model tunnel will be discussed in the paper.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the minimally meaningful dosage of inulin leading to a prebiotic effect in Indonesian infants. Methods: In a randomized controlled double-blinded, parallel, 3-arm intervention study, 164 healthy formula-fed infants aged 3 to 5 months first obtained formula-A (without inulin) during a 4-week adaptation period. Subsequently, 142 subjects were subjected to a 4-week feeding period by administering either formula-A (no inulin), formula-B (0.2 g/100 mL inulin) or formula-C (0.4 g/100 mL inulin). The primary outcome parameter was %-bifidobacteria in faecal samples determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Secondary outcome parameters were faecal %-lactobacilli, pH and stool frequency, and consistency. Growth and tolerance/adverse effects were recorded as safety parameters. Results: Typical %-bifidobacteria and %-lactobacilli at the end of the adaptation period in the study population were 14% and 2%, respectively. For faecal pH, significant differences between formula groups A vs. C and A vs. B were found at the end of the intervention period. Testing for differences in faecal %-bifidobacteria and %-lactobacilli between groups was hampered by non-normal data set distributions; no statistically significant differences were obtained. Comparisons within groups revealed that only in formula group C, all the three relevant parameters exhibited a significant effect with an increase in faecal %-bifidobacteria and %-lactobacilli and a decrease in pH. Conclusion: A consistent prebiotic effect along with a decrease in pH and increase in %-bifidobacteria and %-lactobacilli was found only in the group administered 0.4 g inulin/100 mL.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2013

이 연구는 국내 휴폐금속광산 주변의 논토양과 식물(벼)의 비소 오염과 계절적 변화를 고찰하고, 토양과 식물의 유기적 관계규명을 위해 토양시료를 왕수, 1 M $MgCl_2$, 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ 및 0.05 M EDTA 등 다양한 추출제로 전처리하여 비소를 분석하였다. 화학분해 방법에 따른 함량 변화는 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보이며(p<0.01), 1 M $MgCl_2$ >0.01 M $CaCl_2$ >0.05 M EDTA 순으로 나타났다. 벼줄기의 생물학적 농축계수는 산화환경보다 환원환경에서 높았으며, 백미시료에서는 농축계수가 0.02로 낮게 나타났다. 농가의 1일 평균 쌀소비량인 315 g을 적용하여 세계보건기구의 미량원소 1일 섭취 최대허용량과 비교한 결과 농가에서는 65%의 높은 섭취량을 보여, 이들 쌀 소비에 의한 비소의 인체섭취도에 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2013

농업용 저수지의 수질 개선을 위한 효율적 관리 방안은 본 연구에서 제시되었다. 홍동 저수지는 저수지 유역 내에 농경지, 산림지역, 주거지역, 그리고 축산지역 등을 포함하고 있다. 수질 환경을 복원시키기 위해 우선 저수지 내 퇴적물의 오염도를 조사되었고 저수지내 퇴적토의 잠재적인 영양염류인 분석한 결과 총질소(T-N)은 $1.06g/m^2-d{\sim}3.67g/m^2-d$로 분포를 보이고 총인(T-P)는 $0.52 g/m^2-d{\sim}1.12g/m^2-d$로 측정되었다. 또한 퇴적토 준설 시 용출 특성 분석을 위해 72시간동안 20 혐기성 조건으로 시험을 진행되었다. 총인(T-P)와 (인산염인) $PO_4$-P의 농도는 시간에 따라 비교적 일정하게 용출되는 특성이 나타났으며 총질소(T-P)의 경우에 아질산성 질소($NO_2$-N)와 질산성 질소($NO_3$-N)의 탈질산화로 인하여 그농도가 불규칙적으로 용출되는 특성을 보였다. 특히, 암모니아인 경우는 컬럼 내부의 혐기성 조건으로 형성된 낮은 pH로 인하여 질소($N_2$)와 함께 용출 양은 극히 미량으로 측정되었다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2014

Objective : This study set out to combine the treatment efficacy of Taraxacum with Dongchimi fermentation and investigate Taraxacum's effects on protection of liver cell and controlling nitric oxide(NO) through experiments, thus checking whether it had values as a physiological active matter. The experimental materials include Taraxacum Dongchimi (TD) and Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF). As for methodology, experiments were carried out to compare TD and TDF in components, protection effects for liver cells, anticancer effects on liver cells, and protection effects for brain cells in the aspects of liver function and immunity enhancement. Method : The experimental materials include Taraxacum Dongchimi (TD) and Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF). As for methodology, experiments were carried out to compare TD and TDF in components, protection effects for liver cells, anti-cancer effects on liver cells, and protection effects for brain cells in the aspects of liver function and immunity enhancement. Results : As shown in the chromatogram results, each valid component content increased in Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF) for each time section. Of them, the valid component content at 36.80 minutes was approximately 2.7 times higher in TDF at 21.8% than in Taraxacum Dongchimi (TD) at 8.28%. TDF generated more excellent protection effects against the toxicity that caused oxidative damage to the liver cell(HepG2) with t-BHP than TD. The survival rate was low in TD of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $300{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and increased to 23.3% in TDF of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The survival rate was the highest at $300{\mu}M$ with a significant difference of 68.1%(P<0.05). Both TD and TDF showed effects of controlling nitric oxide production according to concentration with TDF recording a higher rate of controlling nitric oxide production than TD. There were significant differences(P<0.05) in the effects of controlling nitric oxide production at 200 ug/ml, 400 ug/ml in both groups. Especially the result TDF of $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was thus similar to those of butein, the positive control group. Conclusion : The result of this studies is that Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF) increased the valid component content compared with the simple mixture(TD). The findings clearly show that it is a material with the effects of improving immunity and liver cell protection. If fermentation methods are further developed to use it as a functional material, it will be subject to more opportunities of being used in other functional foods and make a contribution to integrated medicinal food development.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

본 논문은 자동차용 타이어 공기압 모니터링 시스템(TPMS)의 핵심 부품인 가속도센서에 관한 연구이다. 일반적으로 압저항형 가속도센서는 정전용량형 가속도센서에 비하여 제조 비용이 적고 출력 특성이 선형적이며 주변 잡음에 면역성이 강한 장점을 갖는다. 그래서 TPMS용으로 압저항형을 선택하였고, ANSYS 프로그램을 이용하여 3가지 타입의 구조를 설계하여 공진주파수 특성을 비교하여 가장 안정적인 구조인 질량체 가장자리의 가운데에 있는 4개의 빔에 의하여 지지되는 브릿지 타입의 실리콘압저항형 가속도센서를 선택하였다. 그리고 센서 크기를 고려하여 빔의 길이는 $200{\mu}m$로 정하였으며, 빔 길이에 따른 최대응력과 최대변위를 시뮬레이션하여 센서를 설계하였다. TPMS용 4 빔 실리콘 미세 압저항형 가속도센서의 크기는 $3.0mm{\times}3.0mm{\times}0.4mm$의 크기로 제작 되었다. 휠 각도에 따른 출력 특성과 온도 특성을 측정하여 센서의 특성을 분석 하였다. 그 결과 가속도센서의 옵셋 전압은 43.2 mV 이고 감도는 $42.5{\mu}V/V/g$ 이다. 센서의 특징으로 내충격성은 1500 g 이고, 측정 범위는 0 ~ 60 g, 사용온도는 $-40^{\circ}C{\sim}125^{\circ}C$ 를 갖는다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2015

Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii 유래 alginate lyase 유전자(aly)를 대장균에서 발현시켰을 때, 발현된 대부분의 유전자 산물은 내포체라는 불용성 응집체 형태로 생산되었다. Alginate lyase를 가용성 및 활성형으로 생산하기 위해 Aeropyrum pernix K1 유래의 초고온성 샤페로닌 ApCpnA와 ApCpnB를 공발현 파트너로 도입하였다. aly와 ApCpnA와 ApCpnB 각각과의 공발현 결과, aly 단독발현 때의 alginate lyase 활성 10.1 unit/g-soluble protein에서 ApCpnA와의 공발현 때는 83.1 unit/g-soluble protein, ApCpnB와의 공발현 때는 100.3 unit/g-soluble protein으로 가용성 및 활성형으로의 alginate lyase 생산이 8~10배 크게 향상되었다. 다양한 배양 조건들의 조사를 통해 alginate lyase 최대 생산을 위한 조건은 다음과 같았다: 1.0 mM IPTG, $25^{\circ}C$ 배양 온도(IPTG 유도 후), ApCpnB 공발현 파트너. 이러한 공발현 시스템은 대장균에서 기능적으로 또한 의학적으로 중요한 재조합 단백질의 산업적 생산에 크게 유용하게 사용될 것이다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2007

We report photometric features of the HB, MSTO, and SGB for a set of metal-poor Galactic globular clusters on the near-IR CMDs. The magnitude and color of the MSTO and SGB are measured on the fiducial normal points of the CMDs by applying a polynomial fit. The near-IR luminosity functions of horizontal branch stars in the classical second parameter pair M3 and M13 indicate that HB stars in M13 are dominated by hot stars that are rotatively faint in the infrared, whereas HB stars in M3 are brighter than those in M13. The luminosity functions of HB stars in the observed bulge clusters, except for NGC 6717, show a trend that the fainter hot HB stars are dominated in the relatively metal-poor clusters while the relatively metal-rich clusters contain the brighter HB stars. It is suggestive that NGC 6717 would be an extreme example of the second-parameter phenomenon for the bulge globular clusters.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2012

For real-time wireless sensor network applications, it is essential to provide different levels of quality of service (QoS) such as reliability, low latency, and fault-tolerant traffic control. To meet these requirements, an (m,k)-firm based real-time routing protocol has been proposed in our prior work, including a novel local transmission status indicator called local DBP (L_DBP). In this paper, a fault recovery scheme for (m,k)-firm real-time streams is proposed to improve the performance of our prior work, by contributing a delay-aware forwarding candidates selection algorithm for providing restricted redundancy of packets on multipath with bounded delay in case of transmission failure. Each node can utilize the evaluated stream DBP (G_DBP) and L_DBP values as well as the deadline information of packets to dynamically define the forwarding candidate set. Simulation results show that for real-time service, it is possible to achieve both reliability and timeliness in the fault recovery process, which consequently avoids dynamic failure and guarantees meeting the end-to-end QoS requirement.