• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2002

Background: Aerobic training can be defined as any physical exercise that increases the heart rate and enhances the body's intake of oxygen long enough to benefit the condition of body. Running, cycling, and swimming are examples of aerobic activities. This type of exercise optimises immune functions. Recently several experimental findings suggested that the regular swimming training increase immune response, but there have been very few reports which compare warm water exercise with cold water exercise in spleen lymphocytes. Methods: This study was designed to examine the effects of regular swimming training on Index, the number of lymphocytes, proliferative activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by splenocytes in BALB/c mice. Thirty six mice (6 week old) were performed 10 weeks of regular swimming training and they were divided into 6 groups according to the regular swimming training (CRG: control resting group, CEG: control exercise group, WRG: warm water trained resting group, WEG: warm water trained exercise group, CORG: cold water trained resting group, COEG: cold water exercise group). Analytical items were weight change, spleen index, the number of lymphocytes, proliferative activity and production of ROS. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using SPSS package program (ver. 10.0). Results: The swimming training significantly decreased body weight, and increased spleen index, the number of lymphocytes and proliferative activity in the presence or absence of Con A and LPS added conditions. For the WRG and CORG, the quantity of ROS from splenocytes was higher than CRG, whereas, ROS by spleen lymphocytes was lower following 90 min acute exercise stress. Conclusion: These results suggested that the swimming training not only increases the number of lymphocytes but also increases proliferative activity by splenocytes in vitro.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2003

Enzootic bovine leukosis(EBL) is chronic disease caused by bovine leukemia virus(BLV), retroviridae. The characteristic feature of this disease is proliferation of lymphocytes in circulating blood or lymphoid tissues. Because EBL concern lymphocytes, immunological disorder or alteration in the lymphocyte subpopulation is suggested. In this study, we investigated the changes of the lymphocyte subpopulation in the circulating blood of Korean native cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1980

The bursa of Fabricius from thyroxine-treated group showed increased number of large lymphocytes with well-developed cytoplasm, immunoblasts and proplasmacytes accompanied with active cell divisions. More prominent development of Golgi apparatus and mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the cells in the bursa from this group were also observed. The bursa of Fabricius from the propylthiouracil-treated group, however, distinctively revealed proliferation of fibroblasts in the interstitial tissues, decreased number of lymphocytes, and necrotic lymphocytes in the follicles.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.491-493
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• 2002

Erythrodermic actinic reticuloid (EAR) is a photosensitive disorder characterized by dense lymphocytic infiltration in the sun-exposed areas and an increased number of atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. We have reported 2 patients with EAR with circulating atypical lymphocytes and photosensitivity to both ultraviolet (UV) B and A. Although no clonal proliferation of T-cells was observed in the peripheral blood, CD8+ cells were increased in number in an oligoclonal fashion. A number of proliferating CD8+ cells were small, but most cells expressed bcl-2. These findings suggest EAR is a photosensitivity dermatitis characterized by the overspill of oligoclonal CD8+ lymphocytes responsive to UV irradiation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1980

In order to know the effects of thyroid hormone on the bursa of Fabricius in chicken, the bursae were studied with the light microscope after administration of thyroxine(TX) or propylthiouracil(PPT). Macroscopically, the bursa of TY-treated group showed increase in size and thickened folds. while those of the PPT-treated group decrease in size, compared with those of control group. In the light microscopic studies, the bursa of Fabricius of the TX-treated group showed active cell-divisions in the medulla, and increased number of pyroninophilic large lymphocytes and plasma cells containing PAS positive materials in the cytoplasms. On the other hand, the bursa from PPT-treated group revealed decreased number of lymphocytes, significant increase of necrotic lymphocytes in the follicles, and the proliferation of the interfollicular connective tissues. A large number of pyroninophilic lymphocytes and plasma cells were also appeared in the spleen of the TX-treated group.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

Ginsan is an acidic polysaccharide purified from Panax ginseng, a famous oriental herb. Although a variety of biological activities of ginsan have been studied, the effects of ginsan on spleen cells are not fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of ginsan on the viability and proliferation of spleen cells. Using Cell Counting $Kit-8^{(R)}$ solution and trypan blue solution, we found that ginsan significantly enhanced viability and proliferation. Multiple clusters, indicating proliferation, were observed in ginsan-treated spleen cells and, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester and surface marker staining assay revealed that ginsan promoted proliferation from $CD19^+$ B cells rather than $CD4^+$ or $CD8^+$ T cells. In addition, ginsan decreased the percentage of late apoptotic cells. Ginsan increased the surface expression of CD25 and CD69 as well as production of interleukin-2 from spleen cells, suggesting increased activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ginsan increases the viability and proliferation of spleen cells via multiple mechanisms, valuable information for broadening the use of ginsan in clinical and research settings.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2005

A vitamin B-6 (B-6) intake higher than the current Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has been found to provide an improvement in immune system. Seven premenopausal women consumed their usual diet with the exception of foods relatively high in vitamin B-6 for a total of 27 d. After 7 d, all subjects received a multivitamin supplement containing 2mg B-6 and 4 subjects were given an additional 50mg of B-6 supplement for 20 d. Lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was measured before and after the supplementation. To determine the effect of different forms of B-6 on lymphocyte proliferation, cell culture media supplemented with pyridoxal (PL) and PLP, as well as B-6 free media, were tested. A 50mg B-6 supplement significantly increased vitamin B-6 status. There was no further enhancement on lymphocyte proliferation when subjects were taking an additional 50mg of vitamin B-6 supplement. In general, lymphocyte proliferation in media with either PLP or PL did not show any prominent difference. These [m-dings suggest that there may be no further benefits of a B-6 dose beyond twice that of the current RDA on lymphocyte proliferation. Further studies are necessary to examine the effect of the B-6 intake level on activities of enzymes involved in cellular B-6 metabolism in lymphocytes to provide substantial insight into the mechanisms underlying the role of B-6 in the lymphocyte proliferation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.231-241
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• 1997

The purpose of this research was to investigate effect of water extract of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis on the proliferation of human cancer cell-lines. The effects of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis on the proliferation of A431, HeLa, MOLT-4, K562 cells, Balb/c 3T3 cells, mouse thymocytes, splenocytes and human lymphocytes were estimated by MTT colorimetric assay. The results were as follows; 1. In proliferation of A431, HeLa, MOLT-4 and K562 cell-lines, Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells. 2. In the combined effect of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and mitomycin C, Moutan Cortex Radicis and mitomycin C, all herbs stimulated the proliferation of MOL T-4 cells. 3. Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis did not inhibited the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells. 4. Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis stimulated the proliferation of mouse thymocytes. 5. Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes. 6. Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis stimulated the proliferation of human lymphocytes.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

The nonobese diabetic / severe combined immune deficiency (NOD/SCID) has been used for determination of proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells as xenotransplantation animal model. In this study, we transplanted porcine hematopoietic cells from bone marrow into NOD/SCID mice via intravenous injection to confirm the activity of differentiation and proliferation for porcine hematopoietic cells in vivo. Interestingly, we observed the result of high efficiency with pig T lymphocytes in hematopoietic organs, liver, spleen lymph node, and bone marrow in NOD/SCID mice. The porcine $CD3^{+}$ T cells were detected with $5.4{\pm}1.9%$ in bone marrow, $15.4{\pm}7.3%$ in spleen, $21.3{\pm}1.4%$ in liver, and $33.5{\pm}32.8%$ in lymph node of NOD/SCID mice at 6 weeks after trans-plantation Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed the high engraftment of porcine T lymphocytes in spleen of NOD/SCID mice. Our data suggest that NOD/SCID mice are excellent animal model to determinate the generation md function of pig T lymphocytes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1264-1269
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• 2011

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a vital cytokine secreted by activated T lymphocytes, and plays an important role in the regulation of cellular functions and immunity of animals. In this study, the recombinant duck IL-2 (rduIL-2) was secretory expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris). The recombinant P. pastoris strain was cultured in shake flasks and then scaled up in a 5.0-l bioreactor. The result showed that the maximal fresh-cell-weight of 594.1 g/l and the maximal $OD_{600}$ of 408 were achieved in the bioreactor. The rduIL-2 was purified by two steps of purification procedures, and approximately 311 mg of rduIL-2/L fermentation supernatant was obtained. SDS-PAGE showed that the purified rduIL-2 constituted a homogeneous band of ~16 kDa or ~14 kDa corresponding to the glycosylated or non-glycosylated duIL-2 protein in size, respectively. The bioactivity of rduIL-2 was determined by lymphocyte proliferation assay. The result indicated that the rduIL-2 greatly promoted the proliferation of ConA-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro. The P. pastoris expression system described here could provide promising, inexpensive, and large-scale production of the rduIL-2, which lays the foundation for development of novel immunoadjuvants to enhance both the immunity of ducks against various infectious pathogens and vaccine efficacy.