• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.271-274
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• 1993

Four Holstein heifers were used in the present study to investigate the effect of standing and lying behaviors on heat production and physiological responses under low (L), medium (M) and high (H) levels of TDN intake. Rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), heat production (HP) and animals behavior (standing time, ST) were measured continuously for 5h (11:00-16:00) periods. There was a tendency for increased RT with TDN intake, and no difference in RT was observed between standing and lying. The RR, HR and HP during standing were significantly higher (p<0.05) than during lying. The difference between standing and lying HP were 4.41, 4.68 and $5.37kJ/kg^{0.75}$ h for L, M and H of TDN intake, respectively. These values showed that standing HP was 18.6-20.9% higher than lying HP. A multiple regression analysis of HP ($kJ/kg^{0.75}$ h) on TDN intake ($g/kg^{0.75}$ d) and ST (min/h) was HP = 7.75 + 0.28 TDN intake + 0.12 ST (R = 0.84). This analysis showed that the total HP not only depend on feed intake levels, but also depends on animal behavior. It was suggested that the change in HP due to the change in feed intake and animal behavior would influence the level of heat loss which was indicated by the changes in the RR and HR.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effects of side-lying hip abduction exercise with and without vibration on pain, disability, strength and balance in individuals with low back pain. METHODS: 30 participants enrolled in this study were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG, n=15) for side-lying hip abduction with vibration and a control group (CG, n=15) for side-lying hip abduction without vibration. Both groups were treated 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Pain (Numeric Rating Scale), disability (Korean Oswestry Disability Index), hip abductor muscle strength, and static balance were measured in both groups before and after the program. Results were analyzed using paired t-test for comparing the difference within the group and independent t-test for comparing the difference between two groups. RESULTS: Compared to the CG, the EG showed significantly greater reductions in pain and disability (p<.05). There was a significant difference in all balance categories of both the painful and non-painful sides within the EG (p<.05). Balance showed a significant decrease except the envelope area (ENV) on the non-painful side within the CG (p<.05). There was a significant increase in all balance categories except ENV of non-painful side between the two groups (p<.05). Balance increased on both the painful and non-painful sides in the EG. Balance improved on the painful side in the CG, but significantly decreased on the non-painful side (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Side-lying hip abduction exercise with vibration is considered an effective treatment for pain, disability and balance in individuals with low back pain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1866-1872
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of the present experiment was to construct self-draining beds to keep surface bedding materials clean and dry for beef cattle comfort in a temperate climate. Methods: In Experiment 1, a self-draining bed was covered with sand at depths of 10 cm (S-10a), 15 cm (S-15), and 20 cm (S-20) respectively. In Experiment 2, self-draining beds of different sizes were covered with 10 cm of sand (S-10b) and wood shavings (WS) at depths of 15 cm and 20 cm (WS-15 and WS-20). Fifteen cattle were engaged to evaluate the comfort of self-draining beds covered with different bedding materials. Results: No cattle lay in the feed alley and cattle spent more time lying on S-10a than S-15 or S-20 in Experiment 1 (p<0.01). No difference in lying time was detected between S-15 and S-20 (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, no cattle selected the feed alley as the lying area. Cattle preferred WS-15 as the lying area and time spent lying on WS-20 was slightly higher than on S-10b (p<0.05). Feces weight was higher in the feed alley than in the different bedding areas in both Experiments 1 and 2 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Sand-bedding depth at 10 cm and WSs at 15 cm above the self-draining bed can provide for the lying comfort of beef cattle. Design of a special feed alley to hold most of the feces to keep bedding materials clean and dry is desirable for organic beef cattle in a loose barn.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the contraction ratios of the abdominal muscles and the preferential activation ratios of the transversus abdominis muscle (TrA) during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) in the hook-lying, sitting, and standing positions. Methods: This study included 30 healthy participants. The thicknesses of the TrA, internal oblique muscle (IO), and external oblique muscle (EO) were measured at rest and during the ADIM in the hook-lying, sitting, and standing positions using B-mode ultrasound imaging. The contraction ratios of these muscles and the preferential activation ratios of the TrA were calculated for each position. Results: The contraction ratio of the TrA and preferential activation ratio of the TrA during the ADIM in the hook-lying position were significantly higher than those in the sitting and standing positions (p < 0.05). The contraction ratio of the TrA during the ADIM in the sitting position was significantly higher than that in the standing position (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The hook-lying position tended to facilitate TrA activity better than the sitting position. Furthermore, the sitting position tended to facilitate TrA activity better than the standing position. These findings suggest that the ADIM in the hook-lying position should be implemented before that in the sitting position and that the ADIM in the sitting position should be implemented before that in the standing position.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.759-769
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on the behavior, productivity, and metabolism of periparturient Holstein cows as well as calf performance. Methods: A total of 48 periparturient cows were randomly assigned into three groups at 28 days (±3 days) before their expected calving date. The stocking densities of the groups, relative to the standard cubicle and feed bunk number, were i) 80% (13 cows), ii) 100% (16 cows), and iii) 120% (19 cows). Lying and rumination behavior was recorded using electronic data loggers and HR-Tags from d -21 ("d-" means days before calving) until the calving date, d 0. Lying time was assessed to determine the diurnal total hours spent lying per day. Rumination time was averaged in 2 hours interval periods over 24 hours during the experimental period. Results: Cows in the 80% group spent more time lying and ruminating between d -21 and d -7 and tended to ruminate more between d -14 and d 0. Calcium levels tended to be higher for cows in the 80% group, no other observable differences were found in monitored blood parameters. Moreover, 3.5% fat corrected milk and energy corrected milk yields were higher in 80% group in the first month of lactation. No other observable differences were found in the yield and composition of colostrum and milk in the first 10 months of lactation. The growth and performance of calves in the first week of life was not affected by stocking density of the dams. Conclusion: We concluded that lower stocking density may increase lying and ruminating behavior of prepartum Holstein cows. However, this did not translate into improved productivity and metabolism.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2739-2743
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• 2015

Background: More than 1 million cancer survivors reside in Korea. We here investigated activity limitations of cancer survivors compared to controls without a history of cancer. Materials and Methods: Using the 4th and 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2012) data, we identified 1,155 adult cancer survivors. Activity limitations were defined as limitation in activities of daily living, experience of lying in a sickbed, and number of days lying in a sickbed during the last month. Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression compared these measures for survivors and controls by sex and age groups. Results: Approximately 29.4% of cancer survivors reported limitation in activities of daily living, 14.6% experienced lying in a sickbed, and 4.3% experienced more than 15 days lying in a sickbed during the last month. After controlling for demographic and health-related factors, cancer survivors were more likely to report activity limitation than controls. The associations were similar across sex and age groups. Conclusions: Cancer survivors have increased activity limitation compared to controls and these limitations persist across sex and age. Targeted interventions and improved management are essential for improving cancer survivor daily life.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this paper is to compare the immediate effects of tensor fascia latae (TFL) stretching with weight bearing (standing position) or non-weight bearing (side-lying position). Methods : The study was conducted on 30 adults (12 men, 18 women) in their 20s. Modified Thomas's test was conducted to find out if the TFL muscle has a tightness for current study. This study randomly divided the subjects into two groups and set the standing stretching group (n=15) or the side-lying stretching group (n=15). Both groups applied self-stretching under the therapist's supervision. TFL stretching in each positions was performed 30 seconds per set, 3 times, and 30 seconds per set could rest. The Ober test were conducted to investigate the effect of TFL stretching in each positions. Results : For the Ober test measurements within each group, both groups significantly increased after intervention compared to before (p<.05). There was no significant difference between the groups (p>.05). Conclusion : TFL stretching in standing position and side-lying position increased the range of motion of the TFL muscle. Therefore, if it is difficult to apply TFL stretching in standing position (weight bearing) due to pain or other reasons, it will be able to TFL stretching in side-lying position (non-weight bearing).

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2018

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a prolonged a $30^{\circ}$ side-lying position on comfort and skin condition by applying the trunk maintenance repositioning method, which can keep the $30^{\circ}$ side-lying position effective for preventing pressure ulcers. Method : Fifty-four healthy nurses working at a general hospital in Seoul were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=27) or a control group (n=27) and assumed a position of lying on their right or left side for two hours. The trunk maintenance repositioning method was applied to the experimental group using the pillow made by the researcher, while the original repositioning method was applied to the control group using the regular pillow from the subject hospital. Participants' posture angles, comfort, and skin condition were measured at the time of the intervention, as well as at one and two hours after the intervention. Results : There was no statistically significant difference in position angle, comfort, skin condition change, or sacrum and greater trochanter pressure change between the two groups over time. Conclusion : It is necessary to review the method and frequency of change of position in each hospital. In addition, a proper position changing pillow should be developed in consideration of patients' various body shapes.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate effective cueing methods for selective muscle activation of gluteus medius muscles. Design: Cross sectional study design. Methods: Using the inclusion criteria for this study, 20 healthy adults, both males and females were selected for the measurement of muscle activation of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and tensor fascia latae muscles while performing clamshell exercise, basic movements in leg raise in side-lying, and 3 different cueing methods. Electromyogram was used to measure muscle activation, and both muscle activation and muscle ratio were compared during the basic movements and different cueing methods. Results: Gluteus medius activation was highest using "try not to make your body rotate" (cueing method 2) in both clamshell exercise and leg raise side-lying (F=5.533, p<0.05, F=7.771, p<0.05), and muscle ratio was highest in clamshell exercise using cueing method 2 (p<0.05) and "don't move your tensor fascia late" (cueing method 1) in leg raise side-lying (p<0.05). This study showed that cueing method 1 in leg raise side-lying and cueing method 2 in clamshell exercise were the most effective cueing methods for selective muscle activation of gluteus medius muscle. Conclusions: The results of this study may be used as basic information for future studies on muscle activation and muscle ratio for different cueing methods and different muscles in various exercises.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2019

Objective: We aimed to investigate differences of range of motion in measuring shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) resulting from posture change in manual scapular stabilization in prone, hook-lying, sitting, and standing positions in healthy young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study included healthy young adults who agreed to participate after a thorough explanation about the study purpose and methods. A clinometer was used to measure shoulder rotation. Measurements of shoulder rotation according to postural change were performed in prone, hook-lying, sitting, and standing positions. The repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare between-group differences in postural change. Results: The lower the posture, the greater the average value of IR angle. In contrast, the higher the posture, the greater the average value of the external rotation angle. In active and passive IR with posture change, there was difference in average value but with no statistical significance. In active and passive ER, there was a statistically significant difference between prone and sitting, prone and standing, hook-lying and sitting, hook-lying and standing, and sitting and standing position (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that postural change should be considered in order to increase the strength or range of motion of the internal and external rotation of the patient's shoulder joint.