• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2010

A virus isolate causing symptoms of yellow mosaic, fern leaves, malformation and plant necrosis on Rudbeckia bicolor was prevalent around Pyeongchang area in Korea. The causal virus was identified as Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) using characteristics from biological, serological and molecular analyses and named as CMV-Rb. CMV-Rb caused mosaic on Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum, Capsicum annuum, and Lycopersicon esculentum. However, typical local lesions did not develop on inoculated Pisum sativum, Cucurbita moschata, Datura stramonium and Tetragonia expansa plants. Full-length genome sequences of CMV-Rb RNAs 1, 2 and 3 were obtained using 12 primer pairs by RT-PCR analysis. The genome of CMV-Rb RNA segments 1, 2, and 3 consists of 3363nt, 3049nt, and 2214nt in length, respectively. In order to ascertain their taxonomic identity, nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequence analyses RNAs 1, 2 and 3 of CMV-Rb isolates were conducted with previously reported sequences of CMV strains and/or isolates. CMV-Rb RNAs showed about 90 to 99% sequence identity to those of subgroup I strains suggesting that CMV-Rb is more closely related to CMV isolates belong to subgroup I. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV on Rudbeckia bicolor in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2005

The tomato ripening associated membrane protein (TRAMP) (Fray et al., 1994) is a member of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family, defined as channels facilitating the passage of water and small solutes through membranes. During normal fruit ripening the TRAMP mRNA levels were increased whereas the expression levels of TRAMP in low ethylene ACO1-sense suppressed lines, Nr and rin fruits, were lower than at the breaker stage of wild type fruit. TRAMP mRNA is inhibited by $LaCl_3$, which is an inhibitor of $Ca^{2+}$-stimulated responses, treatment but drought condition did not affect TRAMP expression. The levels of TRAMP mRNA transcripts were substantially higher in the dark treated seedlings and fruits. These suggest that TRAMP function as a water channel may be doubted because of several reasons; no water content was changed during ripening in wild type, antisense and overexpression lines, TRAMP expression under light condition was lower than dark condition and TRAMP expression was not changed in drought condition. Co-suppression plant, 3588 was one of sense suppression lines, which contain CaMV 35S promoter and sense pNY507 cDNA, produced small antisense RNA, approximately 21-25 nucleotides in length, mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. Therefore, TRAMP expression was inhibited by small antisense and multiple copies might induce gene silencing without any production of double strand RNA. Total seven selected volatile productions, isobutylthiazole, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, hexanal, hexenal methylbutanal, hexenol, and methylbutanol, were highly reduced in sense line whereas total volatile production was increased in TRAMP antisense line. These results suggested TRAMP might change volatile related compounds.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 1990

한국산 토마토로부터 endo-polygalacturonase를 gel filtration과 이온교환크로마토그라피에 의하여 약 24배 정제할 수 있었고, 최대 효소활성을 위한 PH는 5.0, 최적온도는 $50^{\circ}C$ 였으며 pH안정범위는 $4.0{\sim}5.0$, 열안정성은 $50^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 열처리 하였을 때 약 45 % 실활 되었다. 정제된 이 효소는 SDS-polyacrylamide gel 전기영동에 의하여 단일밴드로 확인되었으며, 그 분자량은 50,000정도였고, Km값은 $1.43{\times}10^{-1}\;mol/l이었다. 금속이온중 $Ag^+$, $Zn^{++}$이온이 효소의 활성을 촉진시켰으며, $Na^+$, $K^+$등의 이온에 의해서는 활성이 저해되었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 1997

제초제(除草除) glyphosate는 EPSP-synthase 생합성(生合成) 자체는 억제(抑制)하지 못하며 단지 효소활성(酵素活成)만을 억제한다. 이러한 억제는 뿌리 빛 줄기 정단부에서 현저했다. EPSP-synthase의 전체구(前體區) 단백질(蛋百質)은 54 kDa의 분자량(分子量)을 갖으며, 엽록체(葉綠體)내 성숙(成熟) 단백질(蛋百質)은 45kDa 정도의 분자량(分子量)을 나타낸다. Glyphosate 처리 직후(直後) 인위적 암처리(暗處理)는 EPSP-synthase의 엽록체(葉綠體)내 삽입을 완전히 억제하지 못한다. 이러한 결과는 Glyphosate에 의한 EPSP-synthase 엽록체(葉綠體)내 삽입 기작은 전적으로 광(光)의존적인 것은 아니며 오히려 광의존적 제초활성을 나타내는 glyphosate의 엽록체내 유입후 아직까지 알려지지 않은 조절기작에 의해 간접적으로 억제되는 것으로 보였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.689-698
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• 2016

Specific metabolic network responses to mineral starvation are not well-defined. We examined a detailed broad-scale identification of metabolic responses of tomato leaf and root to N, P or K starvation. Tomato plants were grown hydroponically under optimal (5 mM N, 0.5 mM P, or 5 mM K) and starved (0.5 mM N, 0.05 mM P, or 0.5 mM K) conditions and metabolites were measured by LC-MS and GC-MS. Overall, the levels of metabolites (lipids, nucleotides, peptides and secondary metabolites) presented in this paper largely showed mineral- and tissue-specific responses. Most strikingly, G3P (glycerol-3-P), GPC (glycerol-P-choline) and choline phosphate responded differently to a type of mineral; an increase in N or K starvation and a decrease in P starvation. A dramatic increase in the levels of secondary metabolites, in particular, rutin and chlorogenate in both tomato tissues during N starvation were observed. Based on these data, it is necessary to clearly elucidate an unknown event taking place in a variety of abiotic impacts, and we are now studying to expand our knowledge on metabolic- and proteomic-responses using GS-MS and LC-MS.

• 식품저장과 가공산업
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2004

Quality of fresh-cut tomato slices was compared during cold storage under various modified atmosphere packaging conditions. Chilling injury of slices in containers sealed with Film A was higher than with Film B; these films had oxygen transmission rates of 87.4 and 60.0 ml h-1 m-2 nun-1 at $5^{\circ}C$ and $99\%$ RH, respectively. While slices in containers with an initial atmospheric composition of air, $4\%$ CO2 + 1 or $20\%\;O_2, \;8\%\;CO_2+1$ or $20\%\;O_2$, or $12\%\; CO_2+\;20\%\;O_2$ showed fungal growth, slices in containers with $12\%\;CO_2 +\;1\%\;O_2$ did not. Low ethylene in containers enhanced chilling injury. Modified atmosphere packaging provided good quality tomato slices with a shelf-life of 2 weeks or more at $5^{\circ}C$. Experiments were conducted to compare changes in quality of slices of red tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Sunbeam') fruit from plants grown using black polyethylene or hairy vetch mulches under various foliar disease management systems including: no fungicide applications (NF), a disease forecasting model (Tom-Cast), and weekly fungicide applications (WF), during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ under a modified atmosphere. Slices were analyzed for firmness, soluble solids content (SCC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, electrolyte leakage, fungi, yeasts, and chilling injury. With both NF and Tom-Cast fungicide treatments, slices from tomato fruit grown with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) mulch were firmer than those from tomato fruit grown with black polyethylene mulch after 12 days storage. Ethylene Production of slices from fruit grown using hairy vetch mulch under Tom-Cast was about 1.5- and 5-fold higher than that of slices from WF and NF fungicide treatments after 12 days, respectively. The percentage of water-soaked areas (chilling injury) for slices from tomato fruit grown.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

The $F_1$ hybrid Red Coat is one of the most highly sought after cultivars of tomato in Australia and yields up to 7.5 $\cal{kg/plant}$. An experiment was conducted to de-termine the optimal strength and type of growth medium and sucrose concentration for shoot organogenesis of the Red Coat cultivar using cotyledonary explants. Two basal growth media, viz. MS and Gamborg' s $B_5$ at 0, 1/4, 1/2, full or double strength along with sucrose concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3 or $5\%$, were evaluated using 25 replications. The main effects of treatment and their mutual interactions were evaluated for the proportion of explants that produced callus and/or shoots, number of shoots produced per explant, callus diameter and shoot height. The explants failed to produce shoots in the absence of mineral nutrient. Only a small proportion of the explants ($6\%$ with $B_5\;and\;3\%$ with MS) regenerated shoots in the absence of sucrose. Lower sucrose concentrations ($0.5-1.5\%$) along with full strength media were optimal for most of the traits studied. The $B_5$ medium outperformed MS medium for shoot organogenesis. For all the traits examined, significant differences in main effects (P < 0.05) and two-way interactions were detected, but no three-way interactions (medium type $\times$ medium concentration $\times$ sucrose concentration) were observed. Sucrose was found essential for the development of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll content increased with an increase in sucrose concentration up to $3\%$ and decreased at $5\%$ sucrose.

• 식물병연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2014

나선선충 접종 밀도가 토마토의 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, 시판 토마토 6품종을 직경 10-cm 토화분에 심고, 나선선충을 0, 0.02, 0.2, 2마리/g 토양 수준으로 접종하여 60일간 온실에서 재배하였다. 나선선충은 식물체의 무게나 뿌리의 무게에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 키에는 영향을 주었는데(P < 0.05), 토양 g 당 나선선충 2마리 접종 시 포세이돈 품종은 무처리에 비하여 키가 24% 위축되었다. 나선선충을 접종하였을 때(2마리/g 토양), 가장 나선선충의 선충의 증식이 많았던 토마토 품종은 호용으로 최종 선충 밀도는 7.0마리/g 토양 이었고, 가장 나선선충의 선충의 증식이 적었던 토마토 품종은 미니흑수품종으로 최종 선충 밀도는 2.2마리/g 토양 이었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2006

The foliar injuries and absorption rates of calcium compounds in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. momotaro) and citrus [Shiranuhi(C. Marc. ${\time}C$. sinensis Osbeck)${\time}C$. reticulata Blanco)] were investigated. 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0% of $CaCl_2$, $Ca(NO_3)_2$, $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2$, Ca-EDTA, Ca formate or Ca acetate solution were applied to the leaves of tomato and citrus. The leaf burns were observed only in the foliar applications of Ca-EDTA and $Ca(H_2PO_4)_2$. Ca-EDTA exhibited more serious foliar injury than CaH2PO4. As applied with $^{45}CaCl_2$, $^{45}Ca(NO_3)_2$, $^{45}Ca$ formate or $^{45}Ca$ acetate, the rates of Ca absorptions by tomato and citrus leaves for 7 days were 17 to 32% and 6.6 to 46%, respectively. It meant that the absorption was differently influenced on calcium compounds. In tomato, the order of Ca foliar absorption was $Ca(NO_3)_2$ > Ca formate = $CaCl_2$ > Ca acetate. Although there was no difference in Ca absorption between the adaxial and abaxial parts of tomato leaves, total absorption was greater in expanded leaves than in expanding ones. On the other hand, in citrus Ca foliar absorption from $Ca(NO_3)_2$ or Ca formate was more active than that from $CaCl_2$ or Ca acetate. In conclusion, $Ca(NO_3)_2$ and Ca formate are recommended for the foliar application of Ca in tomato and citrus in order to increase absorption of Ca into their leaves.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2000

Effects of Jasmonic Acid and Wounding on Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Senescing Tomato Leaves The effects of jasmonic acid(JA) and wounding on polyphenol oxidase(PPO) during leaf senescence was investigated by measuring the PPO activity in detached tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) leaves of two-week-old seedlings. The PPO activity in the detached senescing leaves increased significantly in the dark. The leaf segments responded to the application of JA with accelerated senescence, as indicated by the loss of chlorophyll and rapid increase in the PPO activity. The senescence-promoting action of JA differed in the light and dark. Wounding the detached senescing leaves by scraping surface segments or making punctures with needles considerably delayed the loss of chlorophyll and had a significant effect on the PPO activity, the amounts of which were roughly proportional to the intensity of the wounding. In the dark, the combination of wounding plus JA resulted in stable levels of chlorophyll and PPO. JA and ABA acted similarly in both unwounded and wounded leaves, however, the amount of chlorophyll and PPO in the wounded segments was always higher than in the respective controls. JA was found to eliminate the senescence-retarding action of benzyladenine. In a histochemical localization test, the PPO activity was found to be localized in the cell walls of the parenchyma tissue, thereby indicating moderate cytoplasmic reactions. In the JA-treated plants, the PPO activity was intense in the cells of the cortex and phloem parenchyma. Accordingly, based on these observations it would appear that PPO is a component of a defense response maker, whereas JA plays an integral role in the intracellular signal transduction involved in inducible defense mechanisms.