• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of adhesive luting on the fracture resistance of zirconia compared to that of a composite resin and a lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Materials and Methods: The specimens (dimension: $2mm{\times}2mm{\times}25mm$) of the composite resin, lithium disilicate glass ceramic, and yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) were prepared. These were then divided into nine groups: three non-luting groups, three non-adhesive luting groups, and three adhesive luting groups, for each restorative material. In the non-luting groups, specimens were placed on the bovine tooth without any luting agents. In the non-adhesive luting groups, only zinc phosphate cement was used for luting the specimen to the bovine tooth. In the adhesive luting groups, specimens were pretreated, and the adhesive luting procedure was performed using a self-adhesive resin cement. For all the groups, a flexural test was performed using universal testing machine, in which the fracture resistance was measured by recording the force at which the specimen was fractured. Results: The fracture resistance after adhesive luting increased by approximately 29% in the case of the composite resin, 26% in the case of the lithium disilicate glass ceramic, and only 2% in the case of Y-TZP as compared to non-adhesive luting. Conclusions: The fracture resistance of Y-TZP did not increased significantly after adhesive luting as compared to that of the composite resin and the lithium disilicate glass ceramic.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2012

PURPOSE. Many dentists use desensitizing agents to prevent hypersensitivity. This study compared and evaluated the effect of two desensitizing agents on the retention of cast crowns when cemented with various luting agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ninety freshly extracted human molars were prepared with flat occlusal surface, 6 degree taper and approximately 4 mm axial length. The prepared specimens were divided into 3 groups and each group is further divided into 3 subgroups. Desensitizing agents used were GC Tooth Mousse and $GLUMA^{(R)}$ desensitizer. Cementing agents used were zinc phosphate, glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer cement. Individual crowns with loop were made from base metal alloy. Desensitizing agents were applied before cementation of crowns except for control group. Under tensional force the crowns were removed using an automated universal testing machine. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA followed by Turkey-Kramer post hoc test at a preset alpha of 0.05. RESULTS. Resin modified glass ionomer cement exhibited the highest retentive strength and all dentin treatments resulted in significantly different retentive values (In Kg.): GLUMA ($49.02{\pm}3.32$) > Control ($48.61{\pm}3.54$) > Tooth mousse ($48.34{\pm}2.94$). Retentive strength for glass ionomer cement were GLUMA ($41.14{\pm}2.42$) > Tooth mousse ($40.32{\pm}3.89$) > Control ($39.09{\pm}2.80$). For zinc phosphate cement the retentive strength were lowest GLUMA ($27.92{\pm}3.20$) > Control ($27.69{\pm}3.39$) > Tooth mousse ($25.27{\pm}4.60$). CONCLUSION. The use of $GLUMA^{(R)}$ desensitizer has no effect on crown retention. GC Tooth Mousse does not affect the retentive ability of glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer cement, but it decreases the retentive ability of zinc phosphate cement.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.78-87
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• 2022

PURPOSE. This study aimed to compare the effect of different surface treatments and luting agent types on the shear bond strength of two ceramics to commercially pure titanium (Cp Ti). MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 160 Cp Ti specimens were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 40) according to surface treatments received (control, 50 ㎛ airborne-particle abrasion, 110 ㎛ airborne-particle abrasion, and tribochemical coating). The cementation surfaces of titanium and all-ceramic specimens were treated with a universal primer. Two cubic all-ceramic discs (lithium disilicate ceramic (LDC) and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (ZLC)) were cemented to titanium using two types of resin-based luting agents: self-cure and dual-cure (n = 10). After cementation, all specimens were subjected to 5000 cycles of thermal aging. A shear bond strength (SBS) test was conducted, and the failure mode was determined using a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA, and the Tukey-HSD test was used for post hoc comparisons (P < .05). RESULTS. Significant differences were found among the groups based on surface treatment, resin-based luting agent, and ceramic type (P < .05). Among the surface treatments, 50 ㎛ air-abrasion showed the highest SBS, while the control group showed the lowest. SBS was higher for dual-cure resin-based luting agent than self-cure luting agent. ZLC showed better SBS values than LDC. CONCLUSION. The cementation of ZLC with dual-cure resin-based luting agent showed better bonding effectiveness to commercially pure titanium treated with 50 ㎛ airborne-particle abrasion.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of core materials and luting agents on the retention of full veneer gold crown. The core materials used in this study was dental amalgam, and composite resin, and the luting agents were zinc phosphate cement, polycarboxylate cement, and glass ionomer cement. The obtained results were as follows. 1. In full veneer gold crown supported by composite resin core, the crown retention with zinc phosphate cement was the highest of all. 2. In full veneer gold crown supported by amalgam core, the crown retention was shown no statistical difference by luting agent. 3. There was no statistical difference in the crown retention between the full veneer gold crown supported by composite resin core and dental amalgam core.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.466-475
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• 2003

Statement of problem : In cemented implant-supported porstheses, it is still controversy what kind of cement to use. However, the effect of thermocycling on retentive strength of cemented implant-supported prostheses has not been well investigated. Purpose : This study was tested to evaluate the effects of various cements and thermocycling on retentive strengths of cemented implant-supported prostheses. Material and methods : Prefabricated implant abutments, height 5mm, diameter 6mm, 3-degree taper per side, with light chamfer margins were used. Ten specimens of two-unit fred partial denture were fabricated. The luting agents used for this study were three provisional luting agents which were Temp bond, Temp bond NE, IRM and four permanent luting agents which were Panavia F, Fuji-cem, Hy-bond Zinc cement, Hy-bond Polycarboxylate cement. 24 hours after cementation. the retentive strengths were measured by the universal testing machine with a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min. Then cementation procedures were repeated and specimens were thermocycled 1000 times at temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$. After thermocycling, the retentive strengths were measured. Results : Before thermocycling, the retentive strengths were decreased with the sequence of Panavia F. Fuji-cem. Hy-bond Zinc cement. Hy-bond Polycarboxylate cement, IRM, Temp bond NE and Temp bond, and there were significant differences among each groups(p<0.05). After thermocycling, the retentive strengths were decreased with the sequence of Panavia F. Fuji-cem, Hybond Zinc cement, Hy-bond Polycarboxylate cement, IRM, Temp bond NE and Temp bond, and there were no significant differences among Panavia F, Fuji-cem and Temp bond NE, Temp bond(p>0.05). The retentive strengths before and after thermocycling showed significant differences in Hy-bond Zinc cement. IRM, Temp bond NE and Temp bond(p<0.05). Conclusion : Within the limitation of this study, thermocycling do not affect the retentive strengths of permanent luting agents but the retentive strengths of temporary cements were reduced significantly after thermocyling.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 1999

Zinc phosphate cement has long been the material of choice for permanent luting of cast restorations, and through many years of use has been considered effective to retain castings. However, cast restorations cemented with this material have been susceptible to secondary caries. Glass ionomer luting agents become available in the late 1970s. These material s, through release of fluoride, show considerable promise as a means of reducing secondary caries. Other favorable traits include significantly less disintegration in vivo than zinc phosphate cements, a film thickness comparable to that of zinc phosphate cement, and adhesion to tooth structure. Compomer materials were created in 1993 as a filling material for deciduous teeth, cervical lesions, and class III cavities. In the meantime, compomer have been developed as chemical hardening cements for cast gold restorations. The aim of this paper is to review the articles on luting cements to help the choice of dental cements.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.253-265
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• 2011

When restoring endodontically treated teeth is the mismatch between fiber post size and post space diameter, the resin cement layer is excessively thick in post space and voids are likely to form in it, thus predisposing to de-bonding. The method to overcome this problem is to reline the fiber post with composite resin. This individual anatomic post improves the adaptation of post to root walls and decreases the resin cement thickness. The purpose of this in vivo study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of fiber post according to relining procedure and luting agents type used for simplicity of clinical procedure. Forty-two extracted teeth were divides into six groups.(n=7) A1: relined fiber post cemented with Luxacore/all-bons 2, A2: non-relined fiber post cemented with Luxacore/all-bond2, B1: relinind fiber post cemented with Calibra/XP-bond, B2: non-relined fiber post cemented with Calibra/XP-bond, C1: relined fiber post cemented with RelyX Unicem, C2: non-relined fiber post cemented with RelyX Unicem Push-out bond strength was affected by interaction between relining procedure and luting agent type. Relined fiber post presented higher push-out bond strength value than non-relined fiber post and statically significant differences(p<0.05) Cementation with RelyX Unicem showed significantly higher bond strength than other luting agents(p<0.05).

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 2012

PURPOSE. To evaluate the shear bond strength of resin luting agent to dentin surfaces cleansed with different agents like pumice, ultrasonic scaler with chlorhexidine gluconate, EDTA and the influence of these cleansing methods on wetting properties of the dentin by Axisymmetric drop Shape Analysis - Contact Diameter technique (ADSA-CD). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty coronal portions of human third molar were prepared until dentin was exposed. Specimens were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Provisional restorations made with autopolymerizing resin were luted to dentin surface with zinc oxide eugenol in Group A and with freegenol cement in Group B. All specimens were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hrs and provisional cements were mechanically removed with explorer and rinsed with water and cleansed using various methods (Control-air-water spray, Pumice prophylaxis, Ultrasonic scaler with 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 17% EDTA). Contact angle measurements were performed to assess wettability of various cleansing agents using the ADSA-CD technique. Bond strength of a resin luting agent bonded to the cleansed surface was assessed using Instron testing machine and the mode of failure noted. SEM was done to assess the surface cleanliness. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey HSD tests (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Specimens treated with EDTA showed the highest shear bond strength and the lowest contact angle for both groups. SEM showed that EDTA was the most effective solution to remove the smear layer. Also, mode of failure seen was predominantly cohesive for both EDTA and pumice prophylaxis. CONCLUSION. EDTA was the most effective dentin cleansing agent among the compared groups.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.296-305
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• 2002

The main disadvantage of cement-retained implant restorations is their difficulty in retrievability. Advocates of cemented implant restorations frequently state that retrievability of the restoration can be maintained if a provisional cement is used. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal properties of provisional luting cements and the surface treatment of abutments in single implant abutment system. 30 prefabricated implant abutments, height 8mm, diameter 6mm, 3-degree taper per side, with light chamfer margins were obtained. Three commercially available provisional luting agents which were all zinc oxide eugenol type ; Cavitec, TempBond and TempBond NE were evaluated. No cement served as the control. TempBond along with vaseline, a kind of petrolatum (2:1 ratio) was also evaluated. Ten out of thirty abutments were randomly selected and abutment surfaces were sandblasted with $50{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide. Another ten abutments were sandblasted with $250{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide. A vertical groove, 1 mm deep and 5mm long was cut in each twenty abutments. Ten of them were sandblasted with $50{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide. The full coverage casting crowns were cemented to the abutments with the designated provisional luting agent. Specimens were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Each specimen was attached to a universal testing machine. A crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min was used to apply a tensile force to each specimen. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. Tensile bond strength of provisional luting cements in no surface treatment decreased with the sequence of TempBond NE, TempBond, Cavitec, TempBond with vaseline, no cement. 2. Tensile bond strength more increased by surface treatment. Sandblasting with $250{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide exhibited the highest tensile bond strength in the abutment cemented with TempBond NE and sandblasting with $50{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide exhibited the highest tensile bond strength in cemented with TempBond. 3. In the aspect of a groove formation, tensile bond strength significantly increased in TempBond with vaseline only and the others had no significant effect on tensile bond strength.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of surface conditioning on the shear bond strength of zirconium-oxide ceramic to 4 luting agents. Materials and methods: A total of 120 diskshaped zirconium-oxide ceramic blocks (3Y-TZP, Kyoritsu, Japan) were treated as follows: (1) Sandblasting with $110\;{\mu}m$ aluminum-oxide ($Al_2O_3$) particles; (2) tribochemical silica coating (Rocatec) using $110\;{\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ particles modified by silica; (3) no treatment. Then zirconium-oxide ceramic blocks bonded with 4 luting cements (RelyX luting (3M ESPE), Maxcem (Kerr), Nexus3 (Kerr), Rely X Unicem (3M ESPE)). Each group was tested in shear bond strengths by UTM. A 1-way analysis of variance and 2-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data ($\alpha$ = .05). Results: RelyX unicem in combination tribochemical silica-coating produced a highest bond strength (P < .05). Air abrasion group and Rocatec treatment groups resulted in significantly higher than no conditioning group (P < .05). RelyX Luting groups showed lower bond strength than other groups. There were significant differences among groups (P < .05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, RelyX Unicem cement provided the highest bond strength and Rocatec treatment enhanced the bond strength.