• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.161-178
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• 2005

This report describes 47 studies related to the use of Fructus Schisandra main blended prescriptions from Donguibogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that use Fructus Schisandra as a key ingredient. 1.34% of a cough, 10.6% of a consumptive disease, recorded the largest number of clinical frequency of the prescriptions in therapeutic use when Fructus Schisandra was taken as a monarch drug in prescriptions 2. Prescriptions that utilize Fructus Schisandra as the main ingredient are used in the treatmeant of a cough, a consumptive disease, an exogenous febrile disease, a carbuncle, and cellulitis, and they are also used for treating 11 different types of diseases. 3. The prescriptions are compounded with Fructus Schisandra as a monarch drug can apply to a deficiency syndrome of the lung a deficiency syndrome of both the lung and the stomach, a deficiency syndrome both the spleen and the lung a deficiency syn-drome of the kidney, a hypofunction of the bladder with cold syndrome, a cold of insufficiency type, a deficiency syndrome of the heart, a heat syndrome of the stomach, an affective by cold, an invasion by wind, a consumptive disease. 4. The dosage of Fructus Schisandra is 5pun(about 1.88g) to 5jeon(about 18.75g), however 1jeon(about 3.75g) has been taken the most for clinical application. 5. When Fructus Schisandra is combined with base prescriptions such as Ijintang Chungliongsan, Saengmaksan, it applies symtoms of cough. In addition, when Fructus Schisandra is combined with base prescriptions such as Liukmizihwangtang, Ssangbohwan, Sipjeondaebotang, it utilizes a consumtive disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

This article is for understanding characteristics of febrile disease through analysing usage of representative prescriptions in "Wenbingtiaobian", composition of their related prescriptions and their coverage of modern diseases. Analysis of prescriptions was based on "Translation of Wenbingtiaobian", "Modern Shanhanlun" and "Herbal Formula Science" and clinical papers were searched in China Academic Journals(CAJ) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). Conclusions are as follows. First, principles of modifying or formulating prescriptions for febrile diseases are clearing heat, nourishing yin or dispelling dampness. Second, Zengyechengqitang, Xinjiahuanglongtang and Huweichengqitang are applied to pattern of bowel excess such as constipation or ileus. Third, Jiajianfumaitang is applied to heart diseases, Sanjiafumaitang to liver and heart, Dadingfengzhu to liver diseases. Fourth, Jiajianzhengqisan related prescriptions are applied to spleen diseases like conspitation, diarrhea or gastritis. Fifth, Baihujiarenshentang is applied to diabetes or fever and Baihujiaguizhitang to gout or arthritis. Sixth, Xuanbaichengqitang is applied to lung diseases and Taorenchengqitang to gynecology diseases. Seventh, Sanrentang is applied lung diseases like cough or pneumonia, spleen diseases like diarrhea or enteritis and kidney diseases like edema, arthritis or leucorrhea. Eighth, Yinqiaosan and Sangjuyin tend to be applied to exogenous diseases and diseases of five organs of sense, Jiajianfumaitang and Sanjiafumaitang to heart diseases, Angongniuhuangwan to encephalopathy, Qingyingtang and Huabantang to skin diseases, Zengyetang to gastrointestinal disorders, Shashenmaidongtang to lung or spleen diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3471-3476
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• 2012

Background and Objective: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a promising class of potential anticancer agents for treatment of human malignancies. In this study, we investigated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), one such HDAC inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel (TXT), a cytotoxic chemotherapy agent or erlotinib, a novel molecular target therapy drug, on lung cancer A549 cells. Methods: A549 cells were treated with TXT, erlotinib alone or in combination with TSA, respectively. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution were evaluated using MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, Hochst33258 staining and flow cytometry. Moreover, immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis were employed to examine alterations of ${\alpha}$-tubulin, heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and caspase-3 in response to the different exogenous stimuli. Results: Compared with single-agent treatment, co-treatment of A549 cells with TSA/TXT or TSA/erlotinib synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and caused cell cycle delay at the $G_2/M$ transition. Treatment with TSA/TXT or TSA/erlotinib led to a significant increase of cleaved caspase-3 expression, also resulting in elevated acetylation of ${\alpha}$-tubulin or hsp90 and decreased expression of EGFR, which was negatively associated with the level of acetylated hsp90. Conclusions: Synergistic anti-tumor effects are observed between TXT or erlotinib and TSA on lung cancer cells. Such combinations may provide a more effective strategy for treating human lung cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2005

In "Lingshu Benshen". five vicera are damaged due to changes in emotion having qi flow opposite to five viscera. As a result, it suggests that mental and physical illness could develop. The content of this piece can be explained in relation to five elements but uniformly through qi's flow. The contents can be summarized as follows. 1. The Heart is fire among the five elements and mainly characterized with dispersing. The flow of its qi is characterized facing upward and outward. On the other hand, being afraid or thinking seriously is characterized by making qi to go downward and stop so that the flow of qi is mainly facing toward inward and downward, damaging the heart. 2. The spleen has the conveyance function and spreads qi. On the other hand, worry and emotion inhibit qi function, blocking qi, damaging the spleen. 3. The liver has dispelling and removing functions and the power of sending up. The qi flow goes toward upward and outward. On the other hand, sadness stagnates qi, preventing the flow of liver's qi, damaging the liver. As a result, work is not done accurately. Madness develops with heat accumulated with qi stagnation. When qi is not sending up, mentality is not clear, leading to forgetfulness. 4. The lung has astringent and sending down functions, lowering qi. On the other hand, happy and joyful emotions bring up qi, showing the opposite flow of qi compared with the lung, damaging the lung. 5. The kidney has closing and storing functions, making qi flow to downward and inward. On the other hand, being angry makes qi to go up. Excessive expression of anger damages the kidney. As a result, the yin function of kidney does not work properly, leading to forgetfulness.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Objectives : The root bark of Morus alba L. (Mori Cortex Radidus; MCR) has been traditionally used to reduce heat from the lungs, soothe asthma, and edema and to promote urination. In this study, we investigated the effect of MCR ethanol extract on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma in mice. Methods : Mice were sensitized at day 0, 7 and 14 with 0.2% OVA and then airway challenged at day 21, 23, 25, 27 and 29 to induce allergic asthma. MCR extracts at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) were orally administered during OVA challenge once per a day. The levels of allergic mediators such as histamine, OVA-specific IgE, IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 were measured in the sera of mice by ELISA. The histopathological change of lung tissues was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results : MCR extract significantly decreased not only the serum levels of histamine, OVA-specific IgE, and IL-4 compared with those of OVA control group, but significantly increased the serum level of IFN-${\gamma}$. In H&E staining, MCR extract inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and bronchiolar damage with epithelial thickening in lung tissues of OVA-induced asthma mice. Conclusions : These results indicate that MCR extract inhibits lung damage by asthma through regulating the allergic immune response, suggesting that MCR may be used as a useful agent for the treatment of allergic asthma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.441-452
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• 2002

Background : Anti-apoptotic proteins may be involved in tumor development, progression and the response to treatment, Bcl-2 is by far the most studied anti-apoptotic protein. A novel inhibitor of apoptosis, designated survivin, and the heat shock proteins (HSPs) have recently been found in many human cancers. Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine the expression level of survivin, HSP70 and bcl-2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to evaluate their clinical significance. Materials and Methods : Tissue array slides were obtained from 99 surgically resected NSCLCs. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by an immuno-peroxidase technique using an avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex. Anti-survivin rabbit polyclonal antibodies, anti-HSP70 mouse monoclonal antibodies and anti-bcl-2 mouse monoclonal antibodies were used as the primary antibodies. Results : Positive staining of survivin was detected in 33.3% of the cases. Survivin positivity is associated with to females and recurrence. A nonstatistically significant trend toward increased survivin expression was observed in non-smokers, and its expression inversely correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked in smokers. HSP70 was detected in 84.8% but this did not correlated with the clinicopathologic characteristics. Bcl-2 was detected in 18.2% and its expression correlated to tumor recurrence. No significant difference in the median survival time was noted in a comparison of all cases with survivin expression and those without. There was no association between HSP70 or bcl-2 expression and survival. Conclusion : Survivin expression was significantly associated with females and tumor recurrence. In addition its expression was inversely associated with the number of cigarettes smoked. However, HSP70 and bcl-2 expression were not associated with the clinical parameters or survival. This suggests that measuring the survivin levels may be useful in identifying patients at high risk for disease recurrence. Therefore, survivin might be a new diagnostic/therapeutic target in cancer.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.83-106
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• 2024

Objectives : This paper aims to examine the meaning of Shengmaisan in relation to original qi based on the discussion of Zhangyuansu, Lidongyuan and other doctors. Methods : Discussion of Shengmaisan made by Zhang, Li and others were examined. Afterwards, the medicinal properties of renshen, maimendong, and wuweizi as written in the Bencaogangmu, Donguibogam, Benjingshuzheng and texts of Zhang and Li were studied in relation to original qi. Related concepts such as '肺中伏火'·'補肺中元氣不足'·'補天眞元氣'·'夏食寒' were analyzed as well. Results & Conclusions : 1. Various pathology related to deficiency in original qi could act as internal pathogen for Shengmaisan application with which external factors such as summerheat and dampness heat meet results in most damage in the Lung metal. Therefore the upper body Lung is emphasized as pathogen. 2. The pathology of Shengmaisan application is depletion of humor, which should be refined, due to summer or dampness heat in a state of original qi deficiency which damages the Lungs, disabling its function of managing clear and pure qi. 3. The disease pattern for Shengmaisan in relation to original qi, according to other doctors, includes symptoms related to the Lungs such as dryness in the mouth due to excessive perspiration, blankness, loss of consciousness, shortness of breath, coughing, fast breathing, along with general bodily symptoms such as heavy sensation of the body, lethargy, difficulty walking, limping. These general bodily symptoms are due to either qi deficiency of the Lung, or humor deficiency due to failure of qi convergence in the lower body, or symptoms caused by Jing deficiency in severe cases. Symptoms related to problems in the lower body could manifest as dysfunction in urination and defecation, weakness in the limbs caused by original qi deficiency. 4. The Lungs circulate the clear and pure qi, converging qi and creating humor to assist the Triple Burner's Qi-Humor metabolism, enabling smooth communication of original qi throughout the body. With the original qi well tonified, the shen mechanism which is rooted in original qi allows for autonomous and consistent qi circulation within the body. Therefore, both Zhang and Li emphasized the importance of original qi. The property of Shengmaisan is explained as 'supplement qi/create liquid, convergence of yin/stop perspiration'. Zhang and Li explained its property as managing the circulation of original qi, to tonify Lungs' original qi and origin of water-humor.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.727-736
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• 2010

This study is about researching mechanistic pattern identification of disease for DongEuiBoGam NaeGyungPyen by analysing with pattern identification of modern Traditional Korean medical patholgy as more logical, systematic and standardized theory. Disease pattern mechanisms of uterine, urine and excrements parts of DongEuiBoGam NaeGyun gPyen in NaeGyungPyen of DongEuiBoGam are these. Menstrual irregularities in DongEuiBoGam can be classified flui d-humor depletion, blood deficiency, qi deficiency, qi stagnation, qi stagnation complicated by heat, blood stasis, blood deficiency complicated by heat, syndrome of heat entering blood chamber, syndrome of cold entering blood chamber. The disease pattern of abdominal pain after menstruation in DongEuiBoGam is blood deficiency complicated by heat, and a dysmenorrhea represents blood stasis with heat, fluid-humor deficiency. Advanced menstruation represent dual heat of the qi and blood, delayed menstruation is blood deficiency. The disease pattern of inhibited urination in DongEuiBoGam can be classified deficiency heat pattern of kidney yin deficiency(yin deficiency with effulgent fire), kidney qi deficiency, yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity, fluid-humor depletion, spleen-stomach dual deficiency, and excess he at pattern of bladder excess heat. The disease pattern of urinary incontinence in DongEuiBoGam can be classified deficiency pattern of kidney-bladder qi deficiency, consumptive disease, lung qi deficiency, kidney yin deficiency(yin deficiency with effulgent fire), kidney yang deficiency and excess pattern of lower energizer blood amassment, bladder excess heat. And most of them are deficiency from deficiency-excess Pattern Identification. The disease pattern of diarrhea in DongEuiBoGam can be classified deficiency pattern of qi deficiency, qi fall, spleen yang deficiency, kidney yang deficiency and so on and excess pattern of wind-cold-summerheat-dampness-fire, phlegm-fluid retention, dietary irregularities, qi movement stagnation. And most of them are deficiency from deficiency-excess Pattern Identification. Like these, this study identify pattern of disease in DongEuiBoGam by mechanism of disease theory.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-102
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• 1999

1. Purpose : This studied Cold and Heat syndromes about Four-form Constitutional Physicalogy. It is for help the comprehension, diagnosis and treatment of physicalogy and pathology about each type. 2. Method : I studied the conception of Cold and Heat sydrome in the existing Oriental Medicine before Constitutinal Medicine, through a few symptoms(constipation, diarrhea, sweat, urine, vomiting) and physicalogy, pathology in Dongyi-Soose-Bowon. 3. Results & Conclusion : In the viewpoint of Pathological Disease and a Chapter Name, Shaoyin has the Exterior-Febrile and Interior-Cold Disease, as the constitutional primary cause of the Interior-Cold Disease, Shaoyang has the Exterior-Cold and Interior-Febrile Disease, as the Interior-Febrile Disease, accoreing to the process of the promote incomings and outgoings of food stuffs of the Spleen and Kidney. By the way, Taiyin is classified into 'One who had had the Cold Disease Primarily and the Febrile', Taiyang has the nature of 'No Cold, No Heat' that is not tendency to The Cold or Heat sydromes, according to promote the respiration of air and fluid of the Liver and Lung. In the viewpoint of a few symptoms(constipation, diarrhea, sweat, urine, vomiting), we are known that cold and heat connception of the each symptome is fixed, according to nature of cold and heat in each type. These express the methood of 'constitutional demonstration'.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.209-246
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• 1997

In the literatual study on the Ecthyma, the results were as follows. 1. The pathogenic factors of Ecthyma is divided three parts. One is exogenous pathogenic factors which including the wind evil, wind heat and toxic material produced by wetness evil. Another is endogenous pathogenic factors which including the declination of kidney-yang, impairment of the liver and kidney, the lower classes of yin-fire, accumulation of wetness-heat in the spleen asthenia, impairment of the liver and kidney, wetness-heat of three yang, asthenic heat-syndrome of three yin. The other is pathogenic factors neither endogenous nor exogenous which including the food and living, uncontrol sexual excess, anxiety and angry, injury of skin, injury of insects and animals. 2. Five viscera which was concerned with Ecthyma are liver, spleen and kidney. 3. Frequent region of Ecthyma are S-36(足三里) and C-7(陰交). External Ecthyma was rose to wetness-heat of three yang channel that cured easily. Internal Ecthyma was rose to asthenic heat-syndrome of three yin channel that cured hardly. 4. In the frequency of prescription, the most numerous prescription is Bojungikgitang(補中益氣湯) and the next are Kyukgigo(隔紙膏) and Yukmijihwanghwan(六味地滉丸). 5. In the frequency of medicine, the most medicine is Calomelas(輕粉) which included Hydrargyrum(水銀) and the next are Olibanum(乳香) and Resina Commiphorae Myrrhae(沒藥) which regulating vital energy and pain control medicine used that in order to destroy insects and remove polson. 6. In classification of the medical action, medicine of clearing away summer-heat and heat evil and activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis used to be very busy which in order to remove the disorder of vital energy for virulent heat-evil. 7. In classification of four characters, the most part is warm medicine, the next are cold and cool medicine and there is a few that is hot medicine. 8. In classification of five tastes, the most numerous tastes are bitter and acrid, the next are sweet, salty and sour tastes. 9. In classification of virulence of medicine, the most part is non-toxic, the next are weakly and deadly poison. 10. In classification of channel distribution, the most is the medicine that belongs to liver channel, the next are the lung, spleen, stomach and kidney channel.