• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.63-65
• /
• 2008

The tissue distribution of $TiO_2$, nanopaprticles was investigated in mice after oral administration, and skin treatment. Male mice were treated with the dose of 5 g/kg of $TiO_2$ for three consecutive days and sacrificed at 24 hours after the last administration. As results, the orally administered $TiO_2$ nanoparticels were shown to be distributed in the testis, lung, and brain at 24 hours after the last treatment. Kidney does not seem to be the main target of $TiO_2$ nanoparticle distribution. It means that $TiO_2$ nanoparticles (17 nm) are easily absorbed through entero-gastric system and may cause toxicity in brain, lung, and reproductive organs. The distribution of skin treatment showed the same pattern like oral administration.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 1975

This is a report on four cases of the lobar emphysema due to proximal bronchial obstruction in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, during the period of three and half years from 1972 to 1975. First case, a two years old male child was referred to our Department with the lobar emphysema of the lower lobe of the right lung with pneumonia. This emphysema was developed after aspiration of a piece of peanut. Bronchoscopy revealed that the bronchus of the right lower lobe was obstructed with the foreign body, however removal of the peanut through bronchoscope was not attempted because of corruption and softening of the peanut. The removal of the peanut by bronchotomy was performed after subsiding of acute phase of pulmonary infection. Postoperative course was uneventful and the emphysema was disappeared. Second case, a twenty months old female baby was referred to our Department with lobar emphysema of the lower lobe of the left lung. The emphysema was suddenly developed with coughing and dyspneic symptoms and the diagnosis was made roentgenologically. She gave a history of reccurrent infections of the respiratory tract after birth. Bronchoscopy showed an obstruction of the left main bronchus with the growing of fibrinous tissue on the bronchial mucosa. The protruded tissue in the left main bronchus taken out about O.8ml with biopsy forceps for histological examination. After this procedure, the emphysema of the left lung was disappeared. Histological finding was reported to be a chronic inflammatory granulation tissue. Third case, a two and half years old male child was referred to our Department with roentgenological lobar emphysema. Two weeks prior to admission he had an episode of sudden onset of coughing attack with dyspnea. Bronchoscopy revealed that the bronchus of the left lower lobe was obstructed with a mass which was strongly suspected of a neoplastic tissue. At operation, there was found a perforation of enlarged tuberculous lymph node in the bronchus of the left lower lobe and protrusion of granulation tissue into the bronchus. Ruptured orifice on themembranous wall of the left lower lobe bronchus was closed with interrupted suture after the" removal of a perforated tuberculous lymph node. Postoperative course was uneventful and antituberculous chemotherapy was given. Fourth case, a 47 years old man was admitted to our Department with the complaint of severe dyspnea of few months duration. Twenty years ago, he had a history of lung tuberculosis and was treated for many years. X-ray examination including tomography and bronchography revealed that the upper lobe of the right lung was destroyed with cavities, the lower lobe was completely shrunk, and the right middle lobe was strongly overdistended with narrowing bronchial trees. Differential bronchospirometry and lung scanning confirmed that the respiratory function of the affected lung was impaired almost totally. The value of the right lung was calculated on 6% of oxygen uptake, 1% of Minute volume, and 32% of vital capacity. The right pneumonectomy was performed under the careful consideration of anesthetic and surgical procedures. Postoperative course was uneventful and the respiratory function was improved nearly to the normal level.evel.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.1042-1052
• /
• 2010

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Mundongcheongpye-eum (MCE) on elastase-induced lung injury. The extract of MCE was treated to A549 cells and elastase-induced lung injury mice model. Then, various parameters such as cell-based cyto-protective activity and histopathological finding were analyzed. MCE showed a protective effect on elastase-induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells. This effect was correlated with analysis for caspase 3 levels, collagen and elastin contents, protein level of cyclin B1, Cdc2, and Erk1/2, and gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in A549 cells. MCE treatment also revealed the protective effect on elastase-induced lung injury in mice model. This effect was evidenced via histopathological finding including immunofluence stains against elastin, collagen, caspase 3, and protein level of cyclin B1, Cdc2, and Erk1/2 in lung tissue. These data suggest that MCE has a pharmaceutical properties on lung injury. This study would provide an scientific evidence for the efficacy of MCE for clinical application to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제39권8호
• /
• pp.625-630
• /
• 2016

The RNA-binding protein Rbfox3 is a well-known splicing regulator that is used as a marker for post-mitotic neurons in various vertebrate species. Although recent studies indicate a variable expression of Rbfox3 in non-neuronal tissues, including lung tissue, its cellular function in lung cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the number of RBFOX3-positive cells in tumorous lung tissue is lower than that in normal lung tissue. As the transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$) signaling pathway is important in cancer progression, we investigated its role in RBFOX3 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. TGF-${\beta}1$ treatment inhibited RBFOX3 expression at the transcriptional level. Further, RBFOX3 depletion led to a change in the expression levels of a subset of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as E-cadherin and Claudin-1, during TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EMT. In immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, mesenchymal morphology was more prominent in RBFOX3-depleted cells than in control cells. These findings show that TGF-${\beta}$-induced RBFOX3 inhibition plays an important role in EMT and propose a novel role for RBFOX3 in cancer progression.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제82권4호
• /
• pp.285-297
• /
• 2019

Connective tissue disease (CTD) is a collection of disorders characterized by various signs and symptoms such as circulation of autoantibodies in the entire system causing damage to internal organs. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) which is associated with CTD is referred to as CTD-ILD. Patients diagnosed with ILD should be thoroughly examined for the cooccurrence of CTD, since the treatment procedures and prognosis of CTD-ILD are vary from those of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The representative types of CTD which may accompany ILD include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjogren's syndrome, mixed CTD, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and systemic lupus erythematous. Of these, ILD most frequently co-exists with SSc. If an ILD is observed in the chest, high resolution computed tomography and specific diagnostic criteria for any type of CTD are met, then a diagnosis of CTD-ILD is made. It is challenging to conduct a properly designed randomized study on CTD-ILD, due to low incidence. Therefore, CTD-ILD treatment approach is yet to been established in absence of randomized controlled clinical trials, with the exception of SSc-ILD. When a patient is presented with acute CTD-ILD or if symptoms occur due to progression of the disease, steroid and immunosuppressive therapy are generally considered.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제36권9호
• /
• pp.703-706
• /
• 2003

전폐절제술 후 증후군은 우전폐절제술 후 혹은 우동맥궁을 가진 환자의 좌전폐절제술 후 심한 종격동의 이동과 회전에 의하여 기도가 폐쇄되어 심한 호흡곤란을 일으키는 질환이다. 그러나, 전폐절제술이 아니더라도 종격동의 이동과 회전에 의해 기도가 폐쇄될 수 있다. 삼성서울병원 흉부외과에서는 폐결핵성 파괴폐에 의해 유발된 전폐절제술후양(postpeumonectomy-like syndrome) 증후군을 전폐절제술과 함께 조직확장기(tissue expander)를 삽입하여 종격동 정복(mediastinal repositionng)을 시행한 예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.247-257
• /
• 1998

방사선치료에서 악성종양과 주위건강조직에 대한 정확한 선량분포를 파악하기 위하여는 신체내 불균질 조직에 의한 선량변화의 측정이 중요하며 그중에서도 밀도가 낮고 체적이 비교적 큰 폐조직에 대한 선량분포의 변화는 방사선 치료에서 간과할 수 없는 중요한 요인의 하나이다. 저자들은 6메가볼트의 엑스선으로 흉곽내에 위치한 종양에 정확한 선량을 투여하기 위하여 조직등가팬텀을 제작하고 열형광 선량계와 필름선량측정 방법으로 흉곽내의 방사선 분포변화를 실측 하였으며 컴퓨터화하기 위한 수학적 실험식올 유도하고 이를 이론식과 비교 검토한 결과 거의 일치함을 보였다. 실험을 통하여 일문조사면 또는 다문조사면에서 폐조직은 연조직에 비하여 1cm 당 약4%의 선량 증가를 보였으며 식도부위의 회전조사에서는 균질 연조직의 등량곡선보다 15% 미만의 선량 격차가 나타났고 폐부위의 회전조사에서는 회전각도에 따라 20% 내외의 큰오차를 나타내었다. 폐암등 흉부내 종양치료에서는 폐조직 밀도에 의한 방사선 투과 및 산란으로 선량과 선량분포의 오차가 5%-20%에 이르므로 반드시 선량을 보상하여야 하며 선량분포도를 작성 평가함으로서 방사선 임상치료에 큰효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2009

Inhaled inorganic dusts such as coal can cause inflammation and fibrosis in the lung called pneumoconiosis. Chronic inflammatory process in the lung is associated with various cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Expression of some cytokines mediates inflammation and leads to tissue damage or fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of blood cytokines interleukin (IL)-$1\beta$, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and monocyte chemoatlractant protein (MCP)-1 among 124 subjects (control 38 and pneumoconiosis patient 86) with category of chest x-ray according to International Labor Organization (ILO) classification. The levels of serum IL-8 (p= 0.003), TNF-$\alpha$ (p=0.026), and MCP-1 (p=0.010) of pneumoconiosis patients were higher than those of subjects with the control. The level of serum IL-8 in the severe group with the small opacity (ILO category II or III) was higher than that of the control (p=0.035). There was significant correlation between the profusion of radiological findings with small opacity and serum levels of IL-$1\beta$(rho=0.218, p<0.05), IL-8 (rho=0.224, p<0.05), TNF-$\alpha$ (rho=0.306, p<0.01), and MCP-1 (rho=0.213, p<0.01). The serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8, however, did not show significant difference between pneumoconiosis patients and the control. There was no significant correlation between serum levels of measured cytokines and other associated variables such as lung function, age, BMI, and exposure period of dusts. Future studies will be required to investigate the cytokine profile that is present in pneumoconiosis patient using lung specific specimens such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), exhaled breath condensate, and lung tissue.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.353-366
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to use a mouse model to evaluate the effects of Gwaruhaengryeon-hwan (GHH) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and particulate matter induced lung injury. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in two ways (in vitro, in vivo). In vitro RAW 264.7 cells (mouse macrophage) were used and analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISA. In vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke solution (CSS), or coal, fly ash, diesel exhaust particle (CFD) challenged mice were used and its BALF was analyzed by ELISA, lung tissue by real-time PCR. Results: In vitro, GHH maintained an 80-100% rate of viability. So cytotoxicity was not shown. In the ELISA analysis with RAW 264.7 cells, GHH significantly decreased NO over $30{\mu}g/ml$. In the ELISA analysis, GHH significantly decreased $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 over $300{\mu}g/ml$. In the COPD model, the GHH 200 mg/kg dosage group, the application of GHH significantly decreased the increasing of neutrophils, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-17A, MIP2, CXCL-1 in BALF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA expression in lung tissue and histological lung injury. In the CFD induced lung injury model, the GHH 200 mg/kg dosage group, the application of GHH significantly decreased the increase of neutrophils, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-17A, MIP2, CXCL-1 in BALF, MUC5AC, $TGF-{\beta}$ mRNA expression in lung tissue and histological lung injury. Conclusion: This study suggests the usability of GHH for COPD patients by controlling lung tissue injury.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 1970

Alterations of H-and M-isozymes of Lactic Dehydrogenase(LDH) were observed in the various tissues after exposing the rats to 50ppm and 250ppm of sulfur dioxide. These isozymes of the respective tissue were separated by Diethlaminoethyl (DTAE)-cellulose from the tissue homogenates of brain, lung and muscle, presenting the activities by rate of reduction of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide ($NAD^+$). Pure LDH and the coenzyme ($NAD^+$) were directly treated with sulfur dioxide in vitro in order to find out the direct to sulfur dioxide on LDH and $NAD^+$ and the results were as follows. 1. In the normal tissues, the H-isozyme activity was dominant in the brain and heart, and the M-isozyme in the muscle. 2. In the lung tissue of normal rats, there was no difference between the activity of H-and M-type of LDH. 3. When rats inhale sulfur dioxide gas in concentration of 50ppm and 250ppm, it appeared that the H-type tend to be suppressed in aerobic tissues and the M-type in anaerobic tissues. 4. In the lung tissue exposed to sulfur dioxide, both the LDH activities were suppressed. 5. It seems that LDH and the coenzyme ($NAD^+$) are not directly affected by exposing in sulfur dioxide gas.