• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 1999

Herpes simplex virus pneumonia in immunocompromised host is difficult to diagnose with non-invasive method, and has high mortality rate. Because early diagnosis and early treatment can significantly decrease the mortality rate, the enthusiastic efforts for the early diagnosis should be done. A 41-year-old woman who took prednisolone due to mixed connective tissue disease developed gradually increasing dyspnea with radiological features of interstitial lung disease. Initially, we treated her with empirical antibiotics, but failed to improve her dyspnea. So we performed bronchoalveolar lavage and open lung biopsy. Open lung biopsy specimen showed herpes simplex virus pneumonia. Herpes simplex virus was also isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. There was both clinical and radiological improvement after treatment with acyclovir for 14 days.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2023

Objectives : Gumiganghwal-tang and its main components have been used for treatment of cough, headache, joint pain and fever. Using a respiratory inflammatory model, we intend to demonstrate the its anti-inflammatory effect and immune mechanism of Gumiganghwal-tang. Methods : We induced the respiratory inflammation mouse model by papain treatment. Female BALB/C mice (8 weeks old) were divided into three groups as follows: saline control group, papain treatment group (vehicle), papain and Gumiganghwal-tang (200 mg/kg) treatment group (n=4). To verify the anti-inflammatory effect of Gumiganghwal-tang extracts, we measured the infiltration of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and nasal lavage fluid (NALF). Additionally, the efficacy of Gumiganghwal-tang extracts on Th2 cell population and alveolar macrophage in lung were analyzed by using flow cytometry. Results : Gumiganghwal-tang extracts administration decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF and NALF, especially of eosinophils. Furthermore, interleukin-5 level was reduced in lung by drug administration. Interestingly, Gumiganghwal-tang extracts treatment also decreased the Th2 cell (CD4⁺GATA3⁺) population and increased the alveolar macrophage (CD11b⁺CD11c⁺) population in lung. Conclusions : Our findings indicate that Gumiganghwal-tang extracts have anti-inflammatory effects by mediating Th2 cell and alveolar macrophage cell activation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.252-260
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• 2004

The purpose of study is to evaluate the clinical implication of malignant Pleural Lavage Cytology (PLC) in primary lung cancer. 315 patients were examined with pleural lavage cytology in Asan Medical Center between November 1998 and August 2002. The patients were chosen from primary lung cancer patients with no pleural effusion according to preoperative radiologic examination; no tumor invasion into the chest wall and no diffuse pleural adhesion in intraoperative findings, The pleural cavity and lung were washed with 100 $m\ell$ of warm normal saline. The 315 patients consisted of 237 men and 78 women. The incidence of malignant PLC was found in 28 patients (8.9%). For patients in early stages (I & II), survival rate was 93.9% in positive malignant PLC and 85.7% in negative malignant PLC. 31 patients (13.6%) had local or distant recurrences; 2-year recurrence-free rate was 90.1% in negative PLC and 87.5% in positive PLC. The survival and recurrence-free rate in each stage were not statistically associated with the result of PLC. Median follow-up was 16.4 months from the surgery. To access implication of malignant PLC in primary lung cancer, a long-term follow-up and further study are required.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 1991

Bronchoalveolar lavage had been done as the treatment of some diseases such as alveolar proteinsois, bronchiectasis, and severe asthma to remove excessive secretion or mucus. But in the recent decade it has been done as a diagnostic method and a tool to understand and evaluate the pathophysiology of diffuse interstitial lung diseases such as sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. To analyse the bronchoalveolar fluid, it might be useful to have a standard reference (especially cell counts and differetial count of the cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) of normal person. But it is difficult to study the normal volunteers. We investgated the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 48 patients (28 nonsmokers, 20 smokers) who visited Severance Hospital because of minor pulmonary symptoms such as cough and sputum. They did neither complain of dyspnea nor cyanosis, and had normal or unilateral minor lesion on physical examination and chest X-ray. We analysed the recovery rate, viability, total cell count and differential count of the cells in fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. The following results were obtained: 1) Age ranged from 17 to 72 years-old with the mean age of 36.7; there was no difference of age between the nonsmoker and the smoker gorup. Male to female ratio was 2.43:1 for total group, 1.15:1 for nonsmokers, and 19:1 for smokers. 2) The diagnoses of the patients were undetermined in 41.9%, healed pulmonary tuberculosis in 37.5%, laryngitis or pharyngitis in 10.4% and others in 10.4%. 3) Total cell number of the recovered fluid by bronchoalveolar lavage was significantly higher in male[$9.6{\pm}6.2({\times}10^6)$] than in female[$5.1{\pm}3.0({\times}10^6)$](p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the total cell number between the smokers and nonsmokers [$9.3{\pm}5.8({\times}10^6)$ vs $7.5{\pm}5.8({\times}10^6)$]. 4) The differential count of the cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid had no difference between the nonsmokers and the smokers. 5) There was no correlation between the total cell count and smoking or age. 6) In the smoker group, there was no correlation between the amount of smoking and the total cell count of the bronchoalveolar fluid. In conclusion, it should be careful to regard the patients with symptoms or minor radiologic abnormalities as a control group in bronchoalveolar lavage study and further study of cell analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage will be needed between smoker and nonsmoker in the male and female healthy people.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1997

Pneumocystis carinli is an established cause of pulmonary infections in immuno-compromised hosts. Several cytoiogical stains, such as Papanicolaou, Gomori methenamine sliver(GMS) and Diff-Quik have been used for detection of the organism, but occasionally can be laborious and, due to a degree of nonspecificity, may be misleading. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of immunocytochenmical stains that recognize P. carinii in bornchoalveolar lavage from experimentally Induced P. carinii pneumonia rats(n=15). In audition to routine stains for diagnosis by morphologic recognition of P. carinii on Papanicolaou, GMS and Diff-Quik stains, bronchoalveolar lavage samples were reacted with immunocytochemical stains using monoclonal antibodies(MAB) 092 and 902. In bronchoalveolar lavage P. carinii organisms were detected In 9 of 10 cases(90%) using each MAB 092 and 902, whereas GMS and Diff-Quik stains demonstrated P. carinii in 13(86%) and 11(73%) of 15 cases respectively. In lung tissue specimens(n=15) P. carinii organisms were well identified on GMS stain and immunohistochemical stains using MAB 092 and 902 in ail cases. We believe that the immunocytochemical staining using MAB 092 and/or 902 is a very useful and diagnostic tool In addition to GMS and Diff-Qulk stain to detect P. carinii organisms in bronchoalveolar lavage.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.451-459
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• 1999

Background : In sepsis, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species plays key roles in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. The serum antioxidants such as catalase and MnSOD are elevated in sepsis and considered as predictors of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and prognostic factors of sepsis. Peroxiredoxin(Prx) has recently been known as an unique and major intracellular antioxidant. In this study, we evaluated the expression of Prx I and Prx II in mouse monocyte-macrophage cells(RAW 267.7) after treatment of oxidative stress and endotoxin and measured the amount of Prx I, Prx II and thioredoxin(Trx) in peritoneal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of septic animal model. Methods : Using immunoblot analysis with specific antibodies against Prx I, Prx II and Trx, we evaluated the distribution of Prx I and Prx II in human neutrophil, alveolar macrophage and red blood cell. We evaluated the expression of Prx I and Prx II in mouse monocyte-macrophage cells after treatment of $5\;{\mu}M$ menadione and $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and measured the amount of Prx I, Prx II and Trx in peritoneal lavage fluid of intraperitoneal septic animals(septic animal model induced with intraperitoneal 6 mg/Kg LPS injection) and those in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of intraperitoneal septic animals and intravenous septic animals(septic animal model induced with intravenous 5 mg/Kg LPS injection) and compared with the severity of lung inflammation. Results : The distribution of Prx I and Prx II were so different among human neutrophil, alveolar macrophage and red blood cell. The expression of Prx I in mouse monocyte-macrophage cells was increased after treatment of $5\;{\mu}M$ menadione and $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ lipopolysaccharide but that of Prx II was not increased. The amount of Prx I, Prx II and Trx were increased in peritoneal lavage fluid of intraperitoneal septic animals but were not increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of intraperitoneal and intravenous septic animals regardless of the severity of lung inflammation. Conclusion : As intracellular antioxidant, the expression of Prx I is increased in mouse monocyte-macrophage cells after treatment of oxidative stress and endotoxin. The amount of Prx I, Prx II and Trx are increased in local inflammatory site but not increased in injured lung of septic animal model.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to determine whether administration of heat extract of Lepidii Semen has an inhibitory effect on neutrophil-derived oxidative injury following dermal scald burn in rats. Acute lung injury was induced by scald burn (15% of TBSA) in rats. To identify acute edematous lung injury, protein concentrations and numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at 5 h after skin burn. In addition, the level of lung KC (neutrophil chemoattractant cytokine) and activity of lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured, and histopathological changes were observed as well. Lung weight and concentration of BAL protein, the index of lung injury, were clearly increased at 5 h postburn compared with those of sham-operated group. Administration of heat extract of Lepidii Semen after scald burn inhibited the production of KC in lung tissue and decreased the activity of lung MPO related to infiltration of neutrophils. In histopathological changes in lung tissue, infiltration of inflammatory cells and pulmonary edema induced by skin burn were decreased by administration of heat extract of Lepidii Semen after scald burn. These results suggest that Lepidii Semen may be an effective medical stuff for acute lung injury induced by skin burn.

• 대한세포병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.25-26
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• 1993

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.232-236
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• 2017

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease in children characterized by intra-alveolar accumulation of surfactant proteins, which severely reduces gaseous exchange. Whole lung lavage (WLL) is the preferred technique for the treatment of severe PAP. Herein, we present a pediatric case of PAP treated with WLL. An 11-year-old boy was admitted with the chief complaint of a dry cough lasting 6 months. He developed symptoms of dyspnea on exertion and had difficulty in climbing stairs. He was ultimately diagnosed with PAP through video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy. As first-line of treatment for PAP, he underwent therapeutic WLL for each of his lungs on separate days. After a brief recovery, his symptoms gradually worsened; therefore, he underwent a second WLL. This is the first pediatric case of PAP relapse despite successful WLL in Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.850-853
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• 1994

Open lung biopsy was performed in thirty patients for the diagnosis and staging evaluation of interstitial lung disease during the period from January 1987 until December 1992. The age of the patients ranged from 14 to 71 years [mean 48 years], and the patients consisted of 14 males and 16 females. Preoperative FEV1`s were from 0.80 liter to 3.88 liters [mean 1.66]. Other non-invasive diagnostic studies such as PCNA, bronchoalveolar lavage, TBLB, and gallium scan were also done in addition to X-ray and high-resolution chest CT. Tweaty-eight were correctly diagnosed and 2 cases were not [diagnostic yield rate 93.3%]. Among the 28 cases,pathologic diagnosis influenced further treatment regimens and prognostic expectations in 23 cases [82.1%]. The diagnostic non-invasive studies other than open lung biopsy yielded a correct diagnosis without staging only in 5 cases. There was no mortality and only one complication, ARDS ; however, the patient recovered after 5 days ventilator support. Open lung biopsy, which is the gold standard for the diagnosis and staging evaluation of interstitial lung disease can be done safely and has value in clinical decision making. Also knowledge of the involvement of the lesion is important for proper selection of the biopsy site.