• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.11-30
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• 2024

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) on lung injury and muscle loss in a COPD mouse model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were challenged with cigarette smoke extract and lipopolysaccharide, and then treated with two concentrations of SHT (250 and 500 mg/kg). After sacrifice, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or lung tissue was analyzed by cytospin, ELISA, real-time PCR, flow cytometry analysis, and H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. The grip strength of COPD mice was measured using a grip strength meter. The running time of COPD mice was measured by a treadmill test. Muscle tissue of the quadriceps was stained with H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. Results: SHT significantly inhibited the increase in neutrophil numbers in BALF and significantly decreased immune cell activity in BALF and lung tissue. It also significantly inhibited the increase in TNF-α, IL-17, and MIP2 in BALF. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-17, MIP2, and TRPV1 in lung tissue showed a significant decrease compared with the control group. Lung tissue damage was significantly reduced in the histological analysis. The grip strength and running time of the COPD mice showed a significant decrease compared with the control group. In histological staining, SHT was found to reduce the damage to muscle tissue. Conclusions: This study indicates that SHT can be used as a therapeutic agent for COPD patients by inhibiting lung injury and muscle loss.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.740-746
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• 1984

Mucoepidermoid tumor arising from the bronchial tree as one of the bronchial adenoma is a extremely rare in incidence. And its clinical and histopathologic behavior has been reported as varying degree of benign to extremely malignant. Because symptoms are usually related to the bronchial obstruction or obstructive pneumonitis followed by endobronchial growth of tumor, frequently error is made in diagnosis of this tumor as entity of obstructive lung disease. We present a case of mucoepidermoid tumor with review of relevant literatures arising from the right middle lobe bronchus extending to intermediate bronchus in 47 years old housewife and was surgically removed by middle and lower Iobectomy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.532-539
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• 1993

임상에서 환자의 생존율을 평가하는 것은 순간순간 당면하는 치료를 결정함에 있어 중요하다. 특히 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환에서 급성 호흡부전증은 대부분의 환자들이 궁극적으로 겪게 되는 질병의 경과로 여겨지고 있고 이들을 치료하는 과정에서 질병 자체의 비가역적인 특성과 기계호흡 자체의 부작용으로 인하여 중환자실에서 인공호흡기의 부착여부에 대한 논란이 계속되고 있으나, 아직 이에 대한 뚜렷한 기준이 없는 상태이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 입원 첫 24시간이내에 측정가능한 14개의 임상지표를 이용하여(Simplified Acute Physiology Score, 이하 SAPS) 환자의 중증도와 사망률을 예측해 보는 것이었다. 대상환자는 1980년부터 1992년까지 중앙대학 부속병원에서 입원치료를 받은 74명의 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환에 동반된 급성 호흡부전증 환자들에 대한 후향성 연구로 시행하였고, 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 사망율은 34%(25/74), 생존율은 66%(49/74)였으며, 나이가 많을수록 유의하게 사망율이 높았다. 2) 기저 폐기능 검사치에 따른 사망율의 차이는 없었다. 3) SAPS는사망군에서 10.8, 생존군에서 6.5로 유의한 차이가 있었고, SAPS와 사망율 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 4) SAPS에 포함되는 14개의 임상지표 이외에 입원당시 악액질, 뇌병증, 혈중 Phosphate와 Creatinine 농도에 따라 유의한 사망율의 차이가 있었다. 결론적으로, SAPS는 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환에 동반된 급성 호흡부전증 환자의 예후와 중증도 평가에 유용하며, 이러한 환자군에서 SAPS에 포함되는 14개의 임상지표 이외에도 혈중 Creatinine 농도, 혈중 Phosphate 농도, 입원 당시 악액질유무, 뇌병변에 의한 신경학적 증상의 유무가 예후에 중요한 영향을 미친다고 사료되며, 적극적인 치료와 인공호흡기 치료의 결정에서 SAPS의 사용이 타당하리라 여겨지나, 향후 대단위 전향적 연구가 필요하리라 여겨진다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2013

Objectives: In the present study, we evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicerae Flos on cigarette-induced lung inflammatory responses in animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Methods: To inspect the effects of Lonicerae Flos, we evaluated Lonicerae Flos functions in vivo including immune cell profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, cytokine production and tissue morphological changes. Results: Lonicerae Flos significantly inhibited immune cell infiltrations into the BAL fluid (neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes). TNF-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were substantially decreased in the BAL fluid of Lonicerae Flos-treated mice compared with cigarette-exposed control mice. In addition, the hypertrophy of goblet cells in the epithelial cells was reduced in both Lonicerae Flos- and roflumilast-treated mice. Conclusions: The results of this study provide evidence that treatment with Lonicerae Flos exerts strong therapeutic effects against cigarette-induced lung inflammation in vivo. Therefore, this herbal medicine may represent a novel therapeutic agent for lung inflammation in general, as well as a specific agent for the treatment of COPD.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.162-172
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of study was to report the clinical improvement of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients treated with Korean medicine pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods: The patients were treated with Lung-conduction exercise, Chuna manual therapy, Exercise therapy. To assess the treatment outcomes, we used the pulmonary function test (PFT), modified medical research council scale (mMRC), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), COPD assessment test (CAT), St. George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ). Results: After treatments, the patient's clinical symptoms were improved with CAT, SGRQ's significant decrease and PFT, mMRC, 6MWD and PEFR were maintained or improved slightly. Conclusions: The Korean medicine pulmonary rehabilitation was effective in the treatment of COPD patients. This study suggested the possibility of Korean Medicine pulmonary rehabilitation program in the clinic.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2020

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitations associated with chronic inflammatory response due to noxious particles or gases in the lung. Increasing oxidative stress associated with COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influencing factors of biomarkers for oxidative stress in retired miners with COPD. Methods: The levels of total peroxide(TPx), total antioxidant capacity(TAC), and oxidative stress index(TPx/TAC ratio, OSI) in plasma as biomarkers for oxidative stress, serum C-reactive protein(CRP) as a biomarker for inflammation, and general characteristics were measured in 93 male subjects with COPD. COPD was defined as post bronchodilator FEV₁/FVC<0.7 by spirometry. Results: Mean levels of TPx(p=0.013), TAC(p=0.010), OSI(p=0.040), and CRP(p=0.024) were higher in current smokers. Levels of TPx(β=0.445, p<0.001), TAC(β=0.490, p<0.001), and OSI(β=0.351, p<0.001) were related to CRP levels, and CRP levels were related to %FEV₁ predicted(β=-0.295, p=0.003) and current smoking(β=0.214, p=0.032). Conclusions: These results suggest that oxidative stress was related to inflammation, and inflammation were related to decreasing %FEV₁ predicted and current smoking in retired miners with COPD.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-111
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• 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important healthcare problem worldwide. Often, glucocorticoid (GC) resistance develops during COPD treatment. As a classic hypoglycemic drug, metformin (MET) can be used as a treatment strategy for COPD due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its specific mechanism of action is not known. We aimed to clarify the role of MET on COPD and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced GC resistance. Through establishment of a COPD model in rats, we found that MET could improve lung function, reduce pathological injury, as well as reduce the level of inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD, and upregulate expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). By establishing a model of GC resistance in human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by CSE, we found that MET reduced secretion of interleukin-8, and could upregulate expression of Nrf2, HO-1, MRP1, and HDAC2. MET could also increase the inhibition of MRP1 efflux by MK571 significantly, and increase expression of HDAC2 mRNA and protein. In conclusion, MET may upregulate MRP1 expression by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and then regulate expression of HDAC2 protein to reduce GC resistance.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2014

Occupational long-term exposure to inorganic dusts may cause a variety of lung diseases such as pneumoconiosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Diagnosis of pneumoconiosis and COPD, however, is currently dependent on radiological findings and pulmonary test, which are both late diagnostic tools. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel biomarkers in pneumoconiosis and COPD. Hence, in this current study we investigated the serum concentrations of YKL-40, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) as biomarkers for pneumoconiosis and COPD in 161 retired male workers exposed to inorganic dusts. The serum concentration of YKL-40 was significantly increased with age, pneumoconiosis, and airflow limitation. The serum concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher in airflow limitation. These results suggest that serum concentration of YKL-40 is associated with age, pneumoconiosis, and airflow limitation. Also, serum concentration of IL-6 is associated with airflow limitation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권4호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2011

Background: Although patients with tuberculous-destroyed lung (TDL) account for a significant proportion of those with chronic airflow obstruction, it is difficult to distinguish patients with airway obstruction due to TDL from patients with pure chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on initial presentation with dyspnea. We investigated clinical features differing between (i) patients with TDL and airway obstruction and (ii) those with COPD admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to dyspnea. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients with TDL who had a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) of <70% on a pulmonary function test (PFT; best value closest to admission) and patients with COPD without a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) who were admitted to the ICU. Ultimately, 16 patients with TDL and 16 with COPD were compared, excluding patients with co-morbidities. Results: The mean ages of the patients with TDL and COPD were 63.7 and 71.2 years, respectively. Mean FVC% (50.4% vs. 71.9%; p<0.01) and mean FEV1% (39.1% vs. 58.4%; p<0.01) were significantly lower in the TDL group than in the COPD group. More frequent consolidation with TB (68.8% vs. 31.3%; p=0.03) and more tracheostomies (50.0% vs. 0.0%; p=0.02) were observed in the TDL than in the COPD group. Conclusion: Upon ICU admission, patients with TDL had TB pneumonia more frequently, more diminished PFT results, and more tracheostomies than patients with COPD.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2010

This study was to fabricate the porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles with anthocyanin (as a model antioxidant) for pulmonary drug delivery. The highly porous PLGA microparticles were prepared by the waterin-oil-in-water ($W_1/O/W_2$) multi-emulsion method, followed by the decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate (AB) in $W_1$ phase to the base of ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor at $50^{\circ}C$, making a porous structure in PLGA microparticles. Herein, hyaluronate (HA), a viscous polysaccharide, was incorporated in the porous microparticles for sustained anthocyanin release. In in vitro release studies, the anthocyanin release from the porous microparticles with HA continued up to 24 hours, while the porous microparticles without HA released 80 wt.% of encapsulated anthocyanin within 2 hours. In addition, these microparticle are expected to be effectively deposited at a lung epithelium due to its high porosity (low density) and avoid alveolar macrophage's uptake in the lung due to its large particle size. We believe that this system has a great pharmaceutical potential as a long acting antioxidant for relieving the oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).