• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.553-556
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• 2010

A 55-year-old female presented to Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital with left neck and shoulder pain. An anterior mediastinal mass was detected on chest CT and there were no other specific lesions in the lung or pleural cavity. An infected pericardial cysts was suspected and excision was performed through a left-sided VATS approach. The patient was discharged on the second post-operative day with left diaphragm palsy and praziquantel was prescribed after paragonimaisis was confirmed on pathology. The patient has not shown any particular problems at my outpatient clinic.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.443-447
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• 2007

A 7-year-old, female snow goose (Anser caerulescens hyperboreus) with history of decreased activity for 2 month died in Daejeon Zoo Land in September 2006. At necropsy, granulomatous pneumonia and hepatomegaly with multiple cysts were observed. Small masses were found in the spleen. Microscopically, fibrinous pneumonia distributed in most of the lung lobe with pulmonary edema and congestion. Especially, granulomatous inflammation with numerous multinucleated giant cells was observed around the dilated bronchi. To confirm the diagnosis, acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen method) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was performed. Acid-fast staining showed red bacterial colony indicating tuberculosis. PAS staining was also positive enough to diagnose aspergillus spp. co-infection that was an opportunistic fungi occurring in immuno-compromised animals. Based on the above results, we confirmed that the case submitted was diagnosed as avian tuberculosis.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.247-250
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• 1997

Bronchogenic cysts are thought to be uncommon developmental anomalies. They develop from small buds or diverticuli that separate from the foregut in the formation of the tracheo-bronchial tree. They are nearly always located near the tracheal bifurcation; However, these lesions can occur anywhere along the tracheo-bronchial tree. We experienced a case of cervical bronchogenic cyst presenting sorely as an anterior neck mass in a 26-year-old woman. The neck ultrasonography showed as $1.4{\times}1.1cm$ sized hypoechoic lesion with a well-defined margin on the isthmic portion of the thyroid gland. Excision of the mass was carried out. The mass was superfical to the strap muscle and was contained within the subcutaneous tissue in the midline without any connection to the trachea. Grossly, the mass was an oval-shaped cystic lesion which measured 1.5 cm in the greatest diameter. The cyst was filled with thick, yellow, jelly-like material and the inner surface was smooth and glistening. Microscopically, the cyst showed a lining of ciliated columnar epithelium, beneath which was a loose areolar stroma containing plaques of mucous glands and mature cartilage. We thought this cervical bronchogenic cyst appeared to represent an expression of complete aberrent accessory lung bud detachment from the primitive foregut.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.74 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 2013

We present a case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) in a 25-year-old male who was presented with chronic cough. Chest radiography revealed an abnormal mass-like shadow in the right lower pulmonary zone. A contrast enhanced computed tomography showed an 11 cm solid, cystic mixed mass on the right lower lobe. A right lower lobectomy was performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery without complications. The gross specimen showed a massive cavitation with multiloculated cysts of varying size, consistent with CCAM, along with noticeable granulomatous inflammation. Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria were isolated from a bronchial wash specimen, and the resected tissue homogenates were positive for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex by polymerase chain reaction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1970

This is a report on a total of 8 cases of benign mediastinal tumors and cysts in Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam University Hospital during the period from 1961 to 1969. The patients age was distributed between 18 and 38 year old with the highest incidence in the age group of second decade. Sex ratio of male to female was 3: 5. The tumors were classificed as follow; 3 case:, of neurogenic tumors, 2 cases of teratomas, one case of pericardial cyst, one case of cystic hygroma, and one case of brochogenic cyst. The symptomatic patients were 5 cases(62. 6%) and asymptomatic patients were 3 cases(37.5%). The symptomatic patients had the symptoms not referable to their lesion and the mediastinal tumors of asymptomatic patients were incidently found by routine chest X-ray. The Symptoms occurred by compression to adjacent nerve system in 3 cases. by perforation into the lung with infection in one case and by infection of bronchial cyst in one case. The complications were Pancoast's syndrome including Horner's syndrome(2 cases), middle lobe syndrome (one case), bro:1chial infection(one case) and intercostal neuralgia(one case). All tbe tumors were surgicai[y resectable with good recovery postoperatively. In 5 cases of the symptomatic patents, their symptoms were disappeared dramatically after operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.86-88
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• 2011

Bronchogenic cysts are developmental foregut anomalies usually located within the mediastinum or lung parenchyma. An isolated bronchogenic cyst of the diaphragm is very rare. Our case was a 56-year-old female patient who presented with pleuritic chest pain in her right chest. Chest and abdominal computed tomography revealed a large lobulated cystic mass that was accompanied with pleural effusion in the right lower hemithorax. The tumor showed focally calcified areas in the wall and abutted against the diaphragm. We performed complete excision of the cyst including a portion of the diaphragm attached to it. The pathological diagnosis was established as the bronchogenic cyst originating from the diaphragm. We report this case with a review of the literature.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2012

Honeycombs are dense structures that small cysts, which generally have about 2~10 mm in diameter, are surrounded by the wall of fibrosis. When honeycomb is found in the patients, the incidence of acute exacerbation is generally very high. Thus, the observation and quantitative measurement of honeycomb are considered as a significant marker for clinical diagnosis. In this point of view, we propose an automatic segmentation method using morphological image processing and assessment of the degree of clustering techniques. Firstly, image noises were removed by the Gaussian filtering and then a morphological dilation method was applied to segment lung regions. Secondly, honeycomb cyst candidates were detected through the 8-neighborhood pixel exploration, and then non-cyst regions were removed using the region growing method and wall pattern testing. Lastly, final honeycomb regions were segmented through the extraction of dense regions which are consisted of two or more cysts using cluster analysis. The proposed method applied to 80 High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images and achieved a sensitivity of 89.4% and PPV (Positive Predictive Value) of 72.2%.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2008

Background: Congenital cystic diseases of the lung are uncommon, and they share similar embryogenic and clinical characteristics. But they are sometimes vary widely in their presentation and severity. Therefore they are often difficult to make different diagnosis each other, and all require surgical treatment. Material and Method: From 1993 to 2006, 38 patients underwent surgical procedures under these diagnostic categories in the Depart. of Thoracic and. Cardiovascular Surgery, Busan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University. And we retrospectively reviewed these patients' charts for clinical presentations, surgical procedures, pathologic findings and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Result: There were 22 males and 16 females, ages ranged from 1 month after birth to 51 years and mean age was 20.8 years. The main symptoms were 19 fever, cough, sputum production due to recurrent infection, 7 dyspnea, 8 chest discomfort, 4 hemoptysis, but eight patients were asymptomatic. Computed tomography was chosen as diagnostic modalities and available for operation plan for all of patients. For all the cases, surgical resection were performed. Lobectomy was performed in 28 patients, simple excision (resection) in 8 patients, segmentectomy or wedge resection in 2 patients. There were 10 pulmonary sequestrations, 15 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations (CCAM), 11 bronchogenic cysts, and 2 congenital lobar emphysemas. They all were confirmed by pathologic exams. The complications were 6 wound disruption or infection, 2 chylothorax, 1 ulnar neuropathy, but all of them were resolved uneventful. There was no persistent air leakage, respiratory failure, operative mortality and recurrence. Conclusion: We performed immediate surgical removal of congenital cystic lung lesions after diagnosis and obtained good results, so reported them with literature review.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.317-329
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• 2002

Background : Immunotherapy is another treatment modality for various cancers. There is little information on the antitumor effects of immunotherapy on implanted lung cancer mouse models. Toxoplasma gondii is able to potently induce a nonspecific stimulation of the host immune system. Therefore, this study evaluated the antitumor and antimetastatic effect of nonspecific immune stimulation by T. gondii in a Lewis lung cancer mouse model. Methods : Female C57BL/6 mice were injected with either Lewis lung cancer cells ($1{\times}10^6$ per mouse) or 5 cysts from the T. gondii Me49 strain with various schedules. The number of survival days, the tumor size of the implanted muscle and the histopathological findings of each group were noted. In addition to these mice, the Toxoplasma antigen($50{\mu}g$ per mouse) or a lymphokine (0.5 ml per mouse) was added to boost the immunotherapy. Results : No mouse in the Toxoplasma-infected group had died, whereas the mice receiving only the cancer cells (cancer control) survived for $29.1{\pm}4.4$ days. Cancer cells were revealed from 1 week after cancer cell inceulation in the muscle and from 3 weeks in the lung of the cancer control, whereas cancer cells were found in both the preinfection control and coinfection control groups from 2 weeks and 4 weeks in the lung respectively. The in the number of survival days were $32.4{\pm}3.3$ in the mice receiving T. gondii 2 weeks prior to the cancer cells inoculation (preinfection control), $30.9{\pm}5.1$ in mice received both simultaneously (coinfection control), and $34.9{\pm}2.9$ in mice received T. gondii 2 weeks after cancer cells implantation (postinfection control). These 3 infection groups had significantly longer survival days and suppressed tumor growth than those of the cancer control. In addition to these mice, and injection with the Toxoplasma antigen alone or in combination with lymphokine resulted in a significant increase in the number of survival days. Conclusion : These findings suggest that an injection with T. gondii can induce the antitumor and antimetastatic effects in Lewis lung cancer mouse models. Moreover, these effects were increased with an injection of the Toxoplasma antigen alone or in combination with lymphokine. However, this therapy can not prevent the development of cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2011

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare anomaly, in which a local area of a lung is supplied separately by an anomalous artery that arises from the aorta or one of its branches. Infection, mainly bacterial, is a major complication of sequestration. We report the case of a 17-year-old male patient, who presented with cough and fever. The contrast-enhanced chest computer tomomgraphy (CT) scans revealed an aberrant artery that originated from the descending thoracic aorta. He underwent a left-lower lobectomy. Macroscopically, the abnormal segment presented as multiple heterogenous cystic and solid lesions, and the cysts were filled with mucoid and pus-like material. Histology showed that the pulmonary parenchyma had been replaced by caseating epitheloid granulomas. The mycobacterial culture of his sputum was positive. On the basis of these results, the diagnosis of tuberculosis was established. The patient was treated with anti-tuberculous medication for 6 months, and 1 year later, his clinical status remained excellent.