• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.365-373
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 울산광역시 태화강 유역의 연안 지역을 대상으로 이산형 웨이블릿 변환을 이용하여 연안 지역의 파고의 영향성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 Daubechies 7의 기저함수 및 Curve Fitting 함수를 이용하여 조위 자료를 분리한 결과 세분화 성분 내 반일주조성분(d₃), 일주조성분(d₄)의 단주기 성분 및 최종 분해된 근사 성분(a₆)에서는 1년 주기의 장주기 성분을 확인하였다. 6단계로 분해된 조위 자료는 자기상관분석 및 푸리에 변환을 통해 주기성을 가지는 조석 성분과 비주기성을 가지는 파고성분으로 구분하였다. 최종적으로 조위 자료 내 조석 성분은 66% 및 파고 성분은 34%로 구성되어 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용한다면, 파고의 영향을 고려한 연안 지역 홍수 관리의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.271-276
• /
• 2009

골밀도 측정은 주로 척추, 상완, 대퇴, 종골 부위에서 측정되고 있으며 이 부위를 측정하기 위한 전용 소프트웨어 및 통계자료는 잘 확립되어있지만 하악골에 대한 측정방법 및 정량적인 자료가 없어 Horner et al(1996)에 의해 제시된 이중에너지 X선 흡수 계측법(Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA)을 이용한 하악골의 골다공증 측정법을 사용하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 성인남자 13명(26.5세), 성인여자 22명(24.4세)을 대상으로 GE Lunar Prodigy Advance를 이용하여 반 엎드린 자세(Semiprone)에서 두개부을 정측면 자세로 측정하였다. 이때 관심영역(Region of interest, ROI)은 직사각형($30{\times}2.5\;mm^2$)을 사용하여 하악각(Mandibular angle)에서 하악결합(Mental symphysis) 사이의 중심에 놓고 측정하였으며, 직사각형 ROI의 크기와 위치를 변경하여 측정하였다. 남자의 평균 골밀도(g/$cm^3$)는 $1.320{\pm}0.358$이고 여자는 $1.152{\pm}0.340$이고, 위치를 변경하여 하악각 쪽으로 이동시켰을 때 남자 $1.201{\pm}0.361$, 여자 $1.025{\pm}0.377$, 하악결합 쪽으로 이동시켰을 때는 남자 $1.434{\pm}0.341$, 여자 $1.19{\pm}0.358$, 크기를 줄여서 측정할 때는 남자 $1.262{\pm}0.384$, 여자 $1.113{\pm}0.356$, 크기를 확대하였을 때는 남자 $1.320{\pm}0.357$, 여자 $1.129{\pm}0.340$로 나타났다. ROI 위치를 이동시켰을 때와 크기를 변화시켰을 때 모두에서 측정값 간에 차이가 있었다. 추적 검사 시 ROI 위치 값을 유지하여 세 번을 반복하여 평균값을 구하였다. 하악골의 골밀도를 측정할 때 가능한 관심영역을 크게 하고 하악지와 하악결합 사이에 위치하도록 하는 것이 좋을 걸로 생각되고, 특히 추적 검사 시에는 이전 검사를 참고하여, 동일한 크기와 위치에 관심영역이 위치하도록 하는 것이 연구되었다. 이러한 연구에 의하면 하악골의 골밀도의 측정은 전체 골밀도를 나타내는 골밀도 측정값보다는 국소적인 하악골 골밀도 측정에 정확하다. 임플란트 및 하악골 부분의 뼈 이식 분야에서도 정량적인 측정값에 도움이 되며, 이러한 DEXA법으로 BMD 임계치를 한국 사람에 맞는 정량 값으로 구하여 본다면 좋을 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2011

Vitamin K has been suggested to plays a role in bone metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine whether vitamin K2 supplementation is related to bone mineral density, bone formation markers, and bone resorption in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley female rats (body weight, $200{\pm}10$ g) were divided into four groups: a sham group fed a control diet, a sham group fed a vitamin K2 supplemented diet, OVX fed a control diet, and OVX fed a vitamin $K_2$ supplemented diet (3.5 mg vitamin $K_2$/kg diet). All rats were fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks, and deionized water was provided ad libitum. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline crosslink values were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content were measured in the spine and femur using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co., Madison, WI, USA). No significant differences in body weight gain, food intake, or food efficiency ratio were observed between the control and experimental groups. Serum ALP, osteocalcin, and urinary crosslink values were not significantly different between the vitamin $K_2$ supplemented groups. No significant differences were observed for any of the variables in the sham group. Spine BMD values were significantly lower in the OVX than those in the sham groups. Spine and femur BMD per weight of vitamin $K_2$ tended to be higher than the control diet group within the OVX group, but no significant differences were observed. In conclusion, dietary vitamin $K_2$ supplementation may have a beneficial effect on spine and femur BMD in OVX rats. Further research is needed to understand the potential benefits of vitamin $K_2$ on bone loss in OVX rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.423-430
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of red-yeast-rice on bone metabolism in overiectomized (OVX) rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 210 $\pm$ 5 g, 9 weeks old age) were divided into two groups. One group were OVX, and the other group received sham operation (SHAM), and received either control diet (20％ casein) or a red-yeast-rice power supplemented diet (0.1％) for 9 weeks. And then each rat group was further divided into control diet (casein 20％) and red-yeast-rice powder supplemented (0.1％) diet group. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur on 5, 9 weeks after feeding. The serum and urine concentrations of Ca and P were determined. Bone formation was measured by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. And bone resorption rate was measured by deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks immunoassay and corrected for creatinine. Serum osteocalcin, growth hormone, IGF-l and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. Urinary Ca and P excretion were not significantly different among the groups. Within the OVX group, the red-yeast-rice group had a lower crosslinks value than the casein group. Therefore the red-yeast-rice supplemented groups had a lower bone resorption ratio than the casein group in the ovariectomized rats. And, the red-yeast-rice group had significantly higher IGF-l hormone than casein group in ovariectomized rats. The red-yeast-rice group had higher spine bone mineral content than those of control group within the OVX groups. This study was an important first step in establishing that the observed beneficial effects of red-yeast-rice on bone, and this study also established the need for a study on the long-term effect of this supplement in a human.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.41-56
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of elementary school students' conception on the movement of the moon, after teaching a lesson about the lunar phase which focused on concrete activities. The 396 subjects in this study consisted of intact groups of second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth grade students. Pre-test and post-test instrument concerning on the conception in the movement of the moon were developed after reviewing the related literature and curriculum. Prevailing conceptions were identified by frequency of each conception. Then, the pattern of change and consistency of each conception were analyzed in comparison pre-test with post-test. To figure out the effect of teaching, the GEFT and the GALT instrument were administered to analyze it by gender, cognition mode and level. SPSS/WIN programs were used to process the data. The result showed that teaching 'movement of the moon' was the most effective in fourth grade. The effect of teaching 'changes in shape of the moon' was effective regardless of their sexes. Teaching 'changes in shapes of the moon' was more effective for the students whose cognitive modes were field-independent, than those filed-dependent. But the improvement by the teaching was not significantly different. The pre-score by cognitive level was significantly high in the order of the formal operational, transitional stage and the concrete operational stage. But the improvement of conception after teaching was high in the order of the concrete operational, transitional stage and the formal operational stage. That is to say, teaching was more effective as the cognitive level lowered.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to observe the bony change in the OVX rat longitudinally and to study the alendronate effect. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dewley rats, eight-week old each, were randomly assigned into three groups: one of those sham-operated (N=4), the other two were OVX: saline-treated (N=7) and alendronate-treated group (N=7). The saline-treated group was administered with saline solution (0.1mL/100g) daily, while the alendronate-treated group was given alendronate (1mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich Corp. Korea) daily. Micro-CT scannings of the lumbar were consecutively done at baseline, at 3-week intervals during 9 weeks. Two and three dimensional bony analysis were done. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with Piximus (GE Lunar Co. USA). The average values of these three methods were compared with each group. Results: After 6 weeks the BMD of the OVX group showed lower tendency than that of sham group. After 6 weeks many 3D parameters of micro-CT showed higher values in the OVX-alendronate group compared with the OVXsaline group. Most 2D bony parameters were higher in the OVX-alendronate group compared with the OVX-saline group at 9 weeks. Conclusion: This study showed low BMD of the OVX group after 6 weeks and showed the effect of alendronate on the BMD and bony structures of ovariectomized rats. This study also showed usefulness of in vivo micro-CT in monitoring individual bone changes over time.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제48권9호
• /
• pp.703-709
• /
• 2020

핀틀 인젝터는 LMDE의 인젝터로 채용되어 아폴로 계획의 성공적인 수행에 일조하였으며, 최근 SpaceX 사의 Merlin 엔진으로 다시 조명받고 있는 인젝터의 형태이다. 본 연구에서는 액체산소/기체메탄을 이용하는 500N 급 Lab-Scale 핀틀 인젝터 추력기를 제작하여 연소실험을 수행하였다. 그러나 초기 연소실험은 핀틀 팁의 용융과 낮은 연소효율이라는 문제를 노출하였다. 따라서 이를 해결하기 위하여 전산수치해석을 통한 시뮬레이션을 통해 유동 가이드가 추가된 핀틀 팁의 냉각 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 설계를 채택하였으며, 연소실험을 통해 유동 가이드의 효용성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.309-317
• /
• 2009

As far as we know, there were no studies of the effect of L-arginine on bone metabolism in post-menopausal women or ovariectomized rats. The primary objective of the current study was to determine whether arginine supplementation was associated with alterations in femoral and spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, Ovx and sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed control and arginine supplemented diet. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone formation was measured by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. Bone resorption was measured by deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks immunoassay and corrected for creatinine. Serum osteocalcin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur. The serum and urine concentrations of Ca and P were determined. The plasma was analyzed for arginine. Diet did not affect weight gain, mean food intake, and plasma arginine concentration. Urinary Ca excretion was decreased by arginine supplementation in Ovx rats, but statistically not significant. The Ovx rats fed arginine-supplemented diet were not significantly different in ALP, osteocalcin, crosslinks value, PTH, calcitonin and IGF-1 compared to those fed control diet. The arginine-supplemented group had significantly higher serum Ca and growth hormone than control group. Spine and femur BMD were significantly increased by arginine supplementation on 5th and 9th weeks after feeding. Our findings indicate that dietary L-arginine supplementation decreased bone mineral density loss in Ovx rats. Therefore, dietary arginine supplementation may represent a potentially useful strategy for the management of osteoporosis.

• Ocean Science Journal
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.103-116
• /
• 2007

Seasonal changes of tide signal(s), temperature, salinity and current were studied during the years 2004-2005 in the northernmost Gulf of Aqaba, which is under developmental activities, to obtain scientific bases for best management and sustainability. Spectrum analysis revealed permanent signals of tide measurements during all seasons, which represented semidiurnal and diurnal barotropic tides. The other signal periods of 8.13, 6.10-6.32, 4.16 and 1.02-1.05 h were not detected in all seasons, which were related to shallow water compound and overtides of principle solar and lunar constituent and to seiches generated in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. Spatial and temporal distribution of temperature, salinity and density showed significant differences between months in the coastal and offshore region and no significant differences among the coastal sites, between the surface and bottom waters and between coastal and offshore waters. Therefore, the temporal and spatial variation of water properties in the northernmost Gulf of Aqaba behave similarly compared to other parts. The coastal current below 12 m depth was weak $(3-6\;cms^{-1})$ and fluctuated from east-northeastward to west-southwestward (parallel to the shoreline), which may be related to the effect of bottom topography and/or current density due to differential cooling between eastern and western parts in the study area, and wind-induced upwelling and downwelling in the eastern and western side, respectively. The prevailing northerly winds and stratification conditions during summer were the main causes of the southward current at 6 and 12 m depths with average speed of 28 and $12cms^{-1}$ respectively.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary protein and exercise on bone mineral density and bone mineral content of growing male rats. Forty male, Sprague-Dawley rats(age 21 days) were assigned to four groups that underwent 9 weeks of experimental treatment. Animals were assigned to one of two exercise treatments (treadmill running or sedentary). The exercise and nonexercise group were fed a diet containing casein or soy with rich isoflavones (3.4mg/g protein). The exercise group ran on a rodent treadmill(speed of 15m/min for 30min) three days per week during the 9-week study period. All rats were fed an experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Total bone mineral density (BMD), total bone mineral content (BMC), total body calcium, spine BMD and BMC, and femur BMD and BMC were determined by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (FIXI-mus, GE Lunar Radiation Cooperation, Madison, WI, USA). The soy diet group appears to have a significantly higher total BMD/weight and total BMC/ weight, spine BMD/weight, spine BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight compared to the casein group in nonexercise and exercise. The exercise group had significantly greater total BMD/weight and BMC/ weight, spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and BMC/weight compared to the nonexercise group when the protein source was casein. The exercise combined soy group had significantly greater total BMD/weight and BMC/weight, spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and BMC/weight, compared to the exercise combined casein group. The results indicate that exercise had a positive influence on bone mineral density and bone mineral content and soy significantly affect on bone mineral density and bone mineral content for the 9 weeks experimental period. It can be concluded that exercise combined with a soy diet is most beneficial for acquisition of spine bone mineral density in young growing male rats. This convincing evidence suggests that a change in life style such as increasing exercise and consumption of soy protein is a practical strategy for significantly reducing the incidence of osteoporosis.