• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2019

A conventional lumped-mass stick model is based on the tributary area method to determine the masses lumped at each node and used in earthquake engineering due to its simplicity in the modeling of structures. However the natural frequencies of the conventional model are normally not identical to those of the actual structure. To solve this problem, recently an updated lumped-mass stick model is developed to provide the natural frequencies identical to actual structure. The present study is to investigate the seismic response accuracy of the updated lumped-mass stick model, comparing with the response results of the shaking table test. For the test, a small size four-story steel frame structure is prepared and tested on shaking table applying five earthquake ground motions. From the comparison with shaking table test results, the updated model shows an average error of 3.65% in the peak displacement response and 9.68% in the peak acceleration response. On the other hand, the conventional model shows an average error of 5.15% and 27.41% for each response.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

구조물의 내진설계 또는 내진성능평가를 위해서는 구조물의 축소모형을 이용한 실험적 분석이나 유한요소모델을 기반으로 한 수치적 방법이 고려된다. 수치적 방법을 위해서는 정교한 모델링이 요구될 경우 3차원 유한요소해석을 실시하나 민감도 분석이나 지진 취약도 분석과 같은 방대한 지진데이터를 이용한 평가에서는 집중질량모델이 선호된다. 하지만 기존의 집중질량모델은 일반적으로 구조물의 기하학적 형상을 고려하여 집중질량을 산출하는 방식인데, 이 경우 제공되는 고유치는 실구조물의 고유치와 일치하지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하고 실구조물과 유사한 동적 거동을 발현하는 새로운 형식의 주파수 순응형 집중질량모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 모델은 실구조물의 고유치와 고유 벡터, 모드 형상 등을 고려하여 생성하며, 모델의 성능을 검증하기 위해 비균일 단면을 갖는 기둥에 대해 동적해석을 수행하였다. 또한 감쇠비에 따른 동적성능을 분석하기 위해 1%에서 5%까지의 Rayleigh Damping 적용하여 그 결과를 유한요소모델 결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.59-62
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• 2008

This paper presents the procedure and the results of modal identification testing of a seismic monitoring system central processing unit cabinet for a nuclear power plant. This paper also provides a model updating for making effective analytical modeling of cabinet-type electrical equipment by comparing the test results with the analysis results. From the test results and their interpretation, modal properties (modal frequency, mode shape, and modal damping) of the specimen were satisfactorily identified. However, the analysis results may need to study further to find the effective and presentative model for the cabinet-type electrical equipment. This paper just presents the first stage of the research project "Development of dynamic behavior analysis technique of dynamic structure system" which is trying to build the lumped mass beam stick model even their results do not agree well with the test results.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2003

A frontal offset impact model Oat can simulate the 40% offset frontal impact into deformable barrier regulated in EU Directive 96/79 EC has been developed. Engine rotation effects are also considered in the model. Distributed 11 masses and characteristics of 23 nonlinear springs comprising the model are determined based on both the stick-model analysis under the general specification of car and the dynamic characteristics of car structure. It is demonstrated that simulated acceleration-time curve for passenger part is in good agreement with test data obtained by NHTSA.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.3956-3972
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• 2023

The floor response spectrum (FRS) is used to evaluate the seismic demand of equipment installed in nuclear power plants. In the conventional design practice of NPP structure, the FRS is simplified using the lumped-mass stick model (LMSM), assuming the floor slab as a rigid diaphragm. In the present study, to study the variation of seismic response in a floor, the FRSs at different locations were generated by 3-D finite element model, and the response was compared to that of the rigid diaphragm model. The result showed that the FRS significantly varied due to the large opening in a floor, which was not captured by the rigid diaphragm model. Based on the result, seismic fragility analysis was performed for the anchorage of a heat exchanger, to investigate the effect of location-dependent FRS disparity on the high confidence low probability of failure (HCLPF).

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 원자로 1400(APR 1400) 원자력 발전소(NPP)의 원자로 격납건물(RCB) 내진성능에 대해 상이한 수치모델과 지진 주파수 성분의 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 집중 질량 막대 모델(lumped-mass stick model, LMSM)과 3차원 유한요소모델(three-dimensional finite element model, 3D FEM)의 두 가지 수치 모델이 시간이력해석을 수행하기 위해 개발되었다. LMSM은 기존의 집중 질량 보-요소를 사용하여 SAP2000으로 구성하였으며, 3D FEM은 각기둥 입체-요소를 사용하여 ANSYS로 작성되었다. 저주파수 및 고주파수 성분을 고려한 두 그룹의 지진파를 시간이력해석에 적용하였다. 저주파수 지진파의 응답스펙트럼을 NRC 1.60의 설계 스펙트럼과 일치되도록 조정하여 작성하였으며, 고주파수 지진파는 10Hz ~ 100Hz의 고주파수 범위를 갖도록 생성하였다. RCB의 지진응답은 다양한 높이에서 층응답스펙트럼으로 검토하였다. 수치해석 결과, 저주파수 지진에 의한 구조물의 FRS 결과는 두 수치 모델에서 매우 유사한 결과를 보였다. 하지만, 고주파수 지진에 의한 LMSM의 FRS 결과는 고차 고유 주파수 영역에서 3D FEM과 큰 차이를 보였으며, RCB의 낮은 높이에서 명확한 차이를 보였다. 3D FEM이 정확한 구조물의 응답을 나타내는 것으로 가정한다면, RCB의 LMSM은 고주파수 지진에 의한 FRS 결과의 고차 고유 주파수 영역에서 일정 수준의 불일치성을 내포하고 있다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.561-572
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• 2017

Seismic base isolation has been accepted as one of the most popular design procedures to protect important structures against earthquakes. However, due to lack of information and experimental data the application of base isolation is quite limited to nuclear power plant (NPP) industry. Moreover, the effects of inelastic behavior of soil beneath base-isolated NPP have raised questions to the effectiveness of isolation device. This study applies the wavelet analysis to investigate the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the seismic response of a base-isolated NPP structure. To evaluate the SSI effects, the NPP structure is modelled as a lumped mass stick model and combined with a soil model using the concept of cone models. The lead rubber bearing (LRB) base isolator is used to adopt the base isolation system. The shear wave velocity of soil is varied to reflect the real rock site conditions of structure. The comparison between seismic performance of isolated structure and non-isolated structure has drawn. The results show that the wavelet analysis proves to be an efficient tool to evaluate the SSI effects on the seismic response of base-isolated structure and the seismic performance of base-isolated NPP is not sensitive to the effects in this case.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.386-400
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• 2022

Seismic fragility analysis, a part of seismic probabilistic risk assessment (SPRA), is commonly used to establish the relationship between a representative property of earthquakes and the failure probability of a structure, component, or system. Current guidelines on the SPRA of nuclear power plants (NPPs) used worldwide mainly reflect the earthquake characteristics of the western United States. However, different earthquake characteristics may have a significant impact on the seismic fragility of a structure. Given the concern, this study aimed to investigate the effects of earthquake characteristics on the seismic fragility of concrete containments housing the OPR-1000 reactor. Earthquake time histories were created from 30 ground motions (including those of the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake) by spectral matching to the site-specific response spectrum of Hanbit nuclear power plants in South Korea. Fragility curves of the containment structure were determined under the linear response history analysis using a lumped-mass stick model and 30 ground motions, and were compared in terms of earthquake characteristics. The results showed that the median capacity and high confidence of low probability of failure (HCLPF) tended to highly depend on the sustained maximum acceleration (SMA), and increase when using the time histories which have lower SMA compared with the others.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.2696-2707
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of various structural modeling schemes for evaluating seismic performances and fragility of the reactor containment building (RCB) structure in the advanced power reactor 1400 (APR1400) nuclear power plant (NPP). Four structural modeling schemes, i.e. lumped-mass stick model (LMSM), solid-based finite element model (Solid FEM), multi-layer shell model (MLSM), and beam-truss model (BTM), are developed to simulate the seismic behaviors of the containment structure. A full three-dimensional finite element model (full 3D FEM) is additionally constructed to verify the previous numerical models. A set of input ground motions with response spectra matching to the US NRC 1.60 design spectrum is generated to perform linear and nonlinear time-history analyses. Floor response spectra (FRS) and floor displacements are obtained at the different elevations of the structure since they are critical outputs for evaluating the seismic vulnerability of RCB and secondary components. The results show that the difference in seismic responses between linear and nonlinear analyses gets larger as an earthquake intensity increases. It is observed that the linear analysis underestimates floor displacements while it overestimates floor accelerations. Moreover, a systematic assessment of the capability and efficiency of each structural model is presented thoroughly. MLSM can be an alternative approach to a full 3D FEM, which is complicated in modeling and extremely time-consuming in dynamic analyses. Specifically, BTM is recommended as the optimal model for evaluating the nonlinear seismic performance of NPP structures. Thereafter, linear and nonlinear BTM are employed in a series of time-history analyses to develop fragility curves of RCB for different damage states. It is shown that the linear analysis underestimates the probability of damage of RCB at a given earthquake intensity when compared to the nonlinear analysis. The nonlinear analysis approach is highly suggested for assessing the vulnerability of NPP structures.