• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.733-741
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• 2007

The effects of intra-duodenal infusion of methionine (Met), lysine (Lys) and leucine (Leu) on dry matter intake (DMI), the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH) and insulin in plasma, and liver IGF-I mRNA level were investigated in two experiments for Liuyang Black growing wether goats. In Experiment 1, three goats ($10.0{\pm}0.1$ kg) were fitted with ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal fistulaes to determine the infusion amounts of Met, Lys and Leu at the duodenum according to essential amino acid flows into the duodenum and their apparent digestibility. The infusion amounts were 0.77 g/d, 0.91 g/d and 0.58 g/d respectively. In Experiment 2, 4 groups of goats (($10.0{\pm}0.2$ kg) for each group, were cannulated at the duodenum, and were infused with a mixture of Met, Lys and Leu (Control), or mixtures with 21% Met, Lys or Leu replaced with glutamate respectively on a nitrogenous basis. The replacement of 21% Met, Lys or Leu with glutamate did not affect intakes of maize stover, concentrate or both (p>0.05) when compared with the control. The replacement of 21% Met or Lys significantly (p<0.05) reduced plasma GH, insulin and IGF-I concentrations and liver IGF-I mRNA level. The replacement of 21% Leu with glutamate reduced (p<0.05) plasma IGF-I concentration only, but not plasma insulin and GH, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level (p>0.05). The close relationships between supplying Met and Lys in the lumen of the duodenum and plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentrations, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level in this study indicate that the effects of the limiting amino acids on nutrition of animals are likely intermediated via their effects on these hormones, and these hormone profiles could be used as intermediate markers for the limiting order of amino acids.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to know whether single layer continuous connell suture is an acceptable alternative to simple interrupted approximating suture for end-to-end intestinal anastomosis in dogs. Fourteen mixed-breed dogs weighing 2 to 5 kg were allotted to group treated with simple interrupted approximating suture (Group I) and group treated with single layer continuous Connell suture (Group II), each of 7 dogs. All dogs in each suture pattern were compared with time for total operation ad suture elapsed for intestines to anastomose, clinical signs, changing of pre-and postoperative luminal size, status of feces, adhesion at anastomotic site for 14 days after operation. Time for total operation and suture time for intestinal anastomosis were none significant between Group I and Group II, although those in Group II was about 3 minutes shorter than those in Group I, respectively. Group I spent average 47.08${\pm}$11.10 minutes on total operation, 20.97${\pm}$5.54 minutes on suture time for intestinal anastomosis and Group II spent average 44.74${\pm}$7.77 minutes, 17.73${\pm}$3.05 minutes, respectively. All dogs were no special differences in vitality, vomiting, appetite between Group I and Group II for 14 days after operation. All dogs, except one dog in Group I, had showed normal vitality and appetite since 6~8 days after operation. Initial return of fecal passage showed in all dogs before 6 days after operation and thereafter most dogs showed normal feces. According to results, it was thought that all dogs with normal vitality and appetite before 8 days had showed good prognosis. There were no changes of intestinal luminal size in 2 dogs performed Group In and one dog performed Group II between at operation and 14 days after operation. Narrowing rate of intestinal lumen in Group I was average 9.3% of the normal diameter, whereas in Group II, 9.5% of normal diameter. In complications after operation, only one dog in Group I showed intestinal intussusception but the others didn't. Length of adhesion was measured between intestinal anastomotic site and omental graft. Length of adhesion in dogs performed Group II was mostly shorter than that of Group I. Adhesion with proximate intestines occurred in five dogs, which consisted of 3 dogs performed Group I and 2 dogs performed Group II. Concurrently, they had a great length of adhesion between anastomotic site and omental graft. There were no great differences between Group I and Group II about speed of operation, clinical signs, complications such as leakage and stricture. And all dogs performed intestinal anastomosis showed good clinical condition and prognosis. In conclusion, Single layer continuous Connell suture can safely perform an intestinal anastomosis and be an alternative of simple interrupted approximating suture in aspect of speed clinically.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2001

To investigate morphological characteristics of zephyr produced from two bamboo species, Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis and Gigantochloa apus, basic anatomic properties were examined by scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. According to SEM observation, zephyr from Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis was not of uniform in shape and showed macro crack between vascular bundle sheaths. This may be attributes to the sclerenchymatous fibers connected closely, thus resulting in difficult separation of intercellular layer. Zephyr from Gigantochloa apus was of uniform in shape, which may be caused by easy separation of intercellular layer of sclerenchymatous fibers having thin cell wall and large cell lumen. By image analysis in cross section of two species, the ratio of vascular bundle sheaths and cell wall ratio of sclerenchymatous fibers were examined. The ratio of vascular bundle sheaths in Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis was lower than that in Gigantochloa apus. However, cell wall ratio of sclerenchymatous fibers in Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis was higher than that in Gigantochloa apus.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 1975

How to stabilize wood against shrinking and swelling in variable atmospheric moisture conditions is important to the wood-using industry and a challenge to research. Polyethylene glycol stabilize wood by bulking the fiber. PEG also serve as a chemical seasoning agent, suppress decay in high concentrations, and have slight effect on physical properties, gluing or finishing. The study designed to determine the effect of PEG-400 on the dimensional stabilization of local hardwoods for wood carvings that could supply a greatly expanding tourist trade and making curved furniture parts, lamp stands and other decorative objects, and possible gunstock. The species examined were 6 species, Seo-Namoo (Carpinus laxiflora), Cheungcheung-Namoo (Cornus controversa), Gorosae-Namoo (Acer mono), Karae-Namoo (Juglans mandshurica), Jolcham-Namoo (Quercusserrata) and Sanbud-Namoo (Prunus sargentii), used as block of 5cm thick radially to the grain, 7cm wide tangentially, and 70cm long parallel to the wood grain. All these test piecies were conditioned above the fiber saturation point before impregnation. The stabilization effects were determined for PEG-400 treated woods in a 50 percent solution for 20 days. The following conclusions were obtained. PEG retentions increased with treating time. It was more effective to treat at 60$^{\circ}C$ than at room temperature. In degree of PEG-400 impregnation on species, Cheungcheung-Namoo havinglow specific gravity had the highest retentions, 68.77% but the lowest, 56.33% was shown in Jolcham-Namoo with high specific gravity. Specific gravity of treated wood increased considerably with effectiveness of polymer loading. The increases in specific gravity were 5.36 to 13.16 percent. The highest was Jolcham-Namoo, the lowest Karae-Namoo. On the dimensional stability, a 40 percent of effectiveness of polymer loading was just as effective as 60 percent in reduction in water absorptivity (RWA), antishrinkage efficiency (ASE) and antiswelling efficiency (AE), and from over 60 percent they increased more rapidly. Also species response varied considerably. ASE was 30.12 to 69.97 percent tangentially and 27.86 to 56.37 percent radially, AE 34.06 to 73.76 percent tangentially and 30.11 to 70.12 percent radially, and RWA 42.31 to 65.32 percent. No differences in volume swelling among the 6 species were observed. Its values were ranged from 14.98 to 19.55 percent and also increased with PEG retentions. On the mechanical properties, the strengths very much decreased with PEG-400 loadings as shown in Figure 12; that were 11.41 to 22.90 percent in compression, 21.61 to 34.35 percent in bending and 22.83 to 36.83 percent in tensile strength. PEG retention in cell wall was less than 1 percent and the most of PEG were immersed in cell lumen. Except for Korae-Namoo, effectivenesses of polymer loading were as much high as 61.58 to 75.02 percent. This is believed to be due to the effect of PEG-400 on excellant dimensional stability of treated woods.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2013

To express green fluorescent protein in the cocoon of silkworm, we constructed the fibroin H-chain expression system to produce enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in the cocoon of transgenic silkworms. The EGFP fusion protein, each with N- and C-terminal sequences of the fibroin H-chain, was designed to be secreted into the lumen of the posterior silk glands. The expression of the EGFP/H-chain fusion gene was regulated by the fibroin H-chain promoter. The use of the 3xP3-driven DsRed2 cDNA as a marker allowed us to rapidly distinguish transgenic silkworm. A mixture of the donor and helper vector was micro-injected into 1,200 eggs of bivoltin silkworms, Baegokjam. We obtained 8 broods. The cocoon displayed strong green fluorescence, proving that the fusion protein was present in the cocoon. Also, the presence of fusion proteins in cocoons was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Accordingly, we suggest that the EGFP fluorescence silk will enable the production of the novel biomaterial based on the transgenic silk.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2007

Anatomical characteristics of black and white charcoal of Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica manufactured by a Korean traditional kiln were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. In both charcoal, the earlywood vessels shrank in tangential direction, whereas the other cells didn't change. However, in the case of latewood vessels, black charcoal did not show tangential direction shrinkage, but white charcoal did. The wood fiber were changed severly in shape due to the excessive shrinkage. Tyloses in early wood vessel were still shown unchanged shape in both charcoals. Cell wall of ray parenchyma was observed and their shapes were severly distorted. Voids between ray parenchyma were observed in white charcoal, which maybe due to high temperature in white charcoal. Moreover, lumen diameters in the uniseriate ray and multiseriate ray were decreased at the high charring temperature. These results showed that the low charcoal yield of the white charcoal compared to the black charcoal was caused by decrease of cell dimensions as well as loss of wood components associated with the carbonization temperature.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 2004

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a nonspecific inflammatory injury affecting primarily the small airways. Its inflammatory process is characterized by fibrotic obliteration of the lumen of bronchioles. BO can be idiopathic or associated with connective tissue disease, inhaled toxins, infections, drugs, and chronic graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). Pulmonary complications occur in 40~60% of patients who undergo allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), causing 10~40% of transplant-related deaths. BO is a characteristic pulmonary complication which occurs usually within a few years after BMT. Documented complications of BO include air-leak syndromes such as pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax. We report a case of a 30-year-old male patient with BO due to chronic GVHD after allogenic BMT who presented with recurrent bilateral pneumothoraces.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.3 s.136
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• pp.225-231
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• 2004

An endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, has been used for a biological control agent against the diamondback moth, Plutellae xylostella. It has a symbiotic polydnavirus in their reproductive tract, which is required for its successful parasitization. Here, we measured a specific replication time of the polydnavirus during female development of C. plutellae. We, also, analyzed the reproductive potentials of female C. plutellae under mating or different host conditions. At $25^{\circ}C$, pupal C. plutellae began to develop adult tissues such as compound eyes and wings since day 2. At day 5, all adult tissues including antennae were developed and were ready to emerge. With polyclonal antibody raised against C. plutellae polydnavirus, an immunobloting could confirm virus replication at day 4 during pupal stage. Virus particles could be visualized by transmission electron microscope in the oviduct lumen of day 5 pupae. After adult eclosion, venom gland and ovarian calyx increased in size, though ovarioles did not. Mated females layed large number of eggs (over $60\%$) at first 4 days during their mean longevity of ca. 8 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Unmated females showed less active ovipositional behavior, where all the eggs developed into males. C. Plutellae parasitized both P. xylostella and fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea. However, C. Plutellae developed faster and showed higher successful paarasitization in P. xylostella than in H. cunea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.494-503
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• 1994

Background: Fibrostenosis of large airway due to tuberculosis is one of the most perplexing clinical problems not only because it can lead to respiratory failure but also because of difficulty in the management. No one technique, such as balloon dilatation or insertion of self expandable metallic stent, has proved totally satisfactory in the management of fibrostenosis. We evaluated the effect of laser therapy in patient with severe fibrostenosis due to tuberculosis. Method: We classified the fibrostenosis to three types by bronchoscopic finding - the diaphragm type: stenosed by fibrous diaphragm, sparing the tracheobronchial wall, the collapse type: stenosed by collapse of the wall due to destruction of the cartilage, and the combined type: stenosed by nonspecific inflammatory scar tissue within internal lumen with collapse of the wall. We have treated 10 patients complaining dyspnea due to with severe fibrostenosis of the diaphargm or the combined type using a neodymiumyttrium aluminum garnet(Nd-Y AG) laser through a flexible bronchoscopy. Results: Eight of the 10 cases improved after laser therapy and maintained during a follow up period of average 31.9 months. All of the cases undergoing laser therapy showed no serious complication to need the therapy. Conclusion: The results of our present study indicate that the Nd-YAG laser therapy is an effective and safe method for the management of selective tuberculous fibrostenosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.236-244
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• 1991

The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis is 1.8% in 1990, and endobronchial tuberculosis may exist in 10 to 40% of active disease. Endobronchial tuberculosis usually leaves bronchial stenosis as the complication despite of modern chemotherapy, and it is often misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma. When bronchial stenosis involves major airway, its treatment needs such special measures as steroid therapy, surgical intervention and/or laser therapy, but the therapeutic result is often disappointing. To exploit a new treatment modality for bronchial stenosis, balloon dilatation was carried out in 12 patients with endobronchial tuberculosis. Under local anesthesia, 4F-Fogarty balloon was inserted via bronchofiberscope in ten cases and 10F-Gruentzig balloon was introduced under fluoroscopic guide in two others. Endobronchial tuberculoses were subdivided into two(16.7%) with actively caseating type, seven (58.3%) with fibrostenotic type, and three (25.0%) with stenotic type without fibrosis, according to the bronchoscopic findings. In 7 healed cases which were all stenotic with fibrosis, three (42.9%) took favorable turn in clinical status but four (57.1%) were not improved with balloon dilatation. In 5 active cases, all (two with actively-caseating type and three with stenotic type without fibrosis) were improved with this method. $FEV_{1.0}$ or FVC increased 10% or more after procedure in seven (70.0%) of ten and bronchial lumen remained enlarged in eight (66.7%) of twelve, in whom follow-up examination was done after the procedure. Balloon dilatation of bronchial stenosis is more effective, when endobronchial tuberculosis is in active stage than in healed fibrotic stage. It is suggested that bronchial stenosis can be minimized by early diagnosis and early application of balloon dilatation in the course of disease.