• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2005

Purpose: $^{14}C$-urea breath test (UBT) is a non-invasive and reliable method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of a new and rapid $^{14}C$-UBT (Heliprobe method), which was equipped with $Geiger-M\ddot{u}ller$ counter and compared the results with those obtained by using the conventional method. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine patients with dyspepsia underwent gastroduodenoscopy and $^{14}C$-UBT. A 37 KBq $^{14}C$-urea capsule was administered to patients and breath samples were collected. In Heliprobe method, patients exhaled into a Hellprobe BreathCard for 10 min. And then the activities of the BreathCard were countered using Heliprobe analyzer. In the conventional method, results were countered using liquid scintillation counter. During gastroduodenoscopy, 18 of 49 patients were underwent biopsies. According to these histologic results, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of two different methods and compared them. Also we evaluated the concordant and disconcordant rates between them. Results: In all 49 patients, concordant rate of both conventional and Heliprobe methods was 98% (48/49) and the discordant rate was 2% (1/49). Thirteen of 18 patients to whom biopsies were applied, were found to be HP positive on histologic results. And both Heliprobe method and conventional method classified 13 of 13 HP-positive patients and 5 of 5 HP-negative patients correctly (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%, accuracy 100%). Conclusion: The Heliprobe method demonstrated the same diagnostic performance compared with the conventional method and was a simpler and more rapid technique.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.1 s.54
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• pp.1-16
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount and interrelationship of the soft and hard tissue changes after simultaneous maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery in skeletal Class III malocclusion. The sample consisted of 25 adult patients(13 males and 12 females) who had severe anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy. These patients had received presurgical orthodontic treatment and surgical treatment which consisted of simultaneous Le Fort I or Le Fort II osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The presurgical and postsurgical lateral cephalograms were evaluated. The computerized statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS/$PC^+$ program. The results were as follows. 1. The correlation of maxillary hard and soft tissue horizontal changes were high and the ratios for soft tissue to A point were $71\%$ at Sn, $67\%$ at SLS and $37\%$ at LS. 2. The correlation of mandibular hard and soft tissue horizontal changes were very high and the ratios were $84\%$ at LI, $107\%$ at ILS, $96\%$ at Pog' and $97\%$ at Gn'. 3. The correlation of mandibular hard tissue horizontal changes and soft tissue vertical changes were moderate. 4. The upper to lower lip length were increased(P<0.001). 5. The soft tissue thickness were decreased in upper lip and increased in lower lip(P<0.001). The postsurgical changes were reversely correlated with initial thickness in upper lip.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 1991

Forage productivity of two sorghum hybrids, Pioneer(P) 931 and P 956 and a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, P 988, was studied. The 1st-cut of sorghun hybrids was made for silage 6 times from heading stage at a week-interval and regrowth (2nd-cut) was harvested on Oct. 13 although plants were not reached the same growth stage of 1st-cut. However, the 1st- and 2nd-cut of sorghum-sudangrass were made for green fodder 6 times from 4 weeks before heading stage at a week-interval. 1. Percent dry matter(DM) of 1st-cut of sorghum and 1st- and 2nd-cut of sorghum-sudangrass increased as growth stage advanced. Percent DM of 2nd-cut of sorghum decreased as the 1st-cut date delayed due to insufficient growing period on Oct. 13. 2. In the 1st-cut of sorghum the proportion of leaf blade (LB) or culm+leaf sheath (LS) to total DM decreased, but that of panicle increased as growth stage advanced. The panicle proportion of P 956 increased and culm+LS decreased more rapidly compared with those of P 931. IIowever, in sorghum-sudangrass hybrid the proportion of LB decreased and culmf LS increased as growth stage advanced through heading stage. 3. In the 1st-cut of sorghum hybrids crude(C) protein and C. fiber decreased, but nitrogen free extract (NFE) increased as growth stage advanced although C. fat and C. ash were similar among the growth stages. In the 2nd-cut of sorghum C. protein and C. ash increased, but NFE decreased as harvesting date delayed due to plants were younger although C. fat and C. fiber were similar among the harvesting dates. In the sorghum-sudangrass C. protein of 1st-cut decreased, but C. fiber of 1st-cut and NFE of the 1st-and 2nd-cut increased as growth stage advanced. 4. DM yield of 1st-cut of sorghum increased from heading stage to 3 weeks after heading and then levelled off, but total DM including regrowth was similar among the harvesting time. In the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid DM yield of 1st-cut and total DM yield including 2nd-and 3rd-cut increased as the harvestingtime delayed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2909-2912
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• 2012

Aim: To evaluate efficacy and tolerability of topotecan treatment for recurrent small cell lung carcinoma. Patients and Methods: A total of 62 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Instat (version 3.05). Results: DFifty five of patients (89%) were male and 7 (11%) were female. Median age was $56.7{\pm}9.3$ (34-75). Forty eight of patients (80%) were extensive stage (ES) at the time of diagnosis. Fifty of the patients (80.6 Medical Oncology Clinic) were given median 5.36 cycles of cisplatin-etoposide (2-8 cycles). Time to recurrence was $15.6{\pm}6.13$ weeks in patients with limited stage (LS) and $6.3{\pm}3.82$ weeks in extensive stage (ES) (p<0.0001). Overall survival was $14.0{\pm}6.08$ months in ES and $17.9{\pm}6.88$ months in LS. The difference between two groups was statistically meaningful (p=0.0447). The overall survival of the patients was $14.8{\pm}6.43$ months (4.5-40 months). In terms of survival, there was no difference between males and females (p=0.1171). In 17 (27%) patients who were refractory to topotecan or in whom progression occurred other chemotherapies were used. Conclusion: Small cell lung cancer is chemosensitive, but recurrences occur in short time. Other chemotherapy regimens are used in progression. Topotecan is one of them. Patients who were young and in whom recurrences occur late had given better response to topotecan. Because of the retrospective nature of the study, we couldn't reach the records exactly and consequently, rate and duration of response couldn't be calculated. In recurrent SCLC topotecan is one of the treatment choices. But both hematological and non hematological side effects should be taken into consideration.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 1996

Seed size and days required to reach specific growth stages were determined for Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. varieties which are major grass species found in Korean paddy field and the results were compared with E. frumentacea (Roxb.) Link. In addition, responses of the Echinochloa species on preemergence herbicides (molinate, esprocarb, and mefenacet) were investigated with respect to time of application. One thousand seed weight of E. crus-galli var. oryzicola was about 3 times heavier than that of var. praticola, but was not significantly different that of E. frumentacea. Days requited to reach the 2.5 leaf-stage (LS) were 11, 13, and 14 days after seeding for E. frumentacea, E. crus-galli var. oryzicola, and E. crus-galli var. praticola, respectively. E. crus-galli var. praticola was more sensitive to molinate, esprocarb and mefenacet than var. oryzicola and the sensitivity of both the varieties decreased as the time of application LS was delayed. However, there was no great difference in the response for E. frumentacea when applied between 1.5 and 3.0 LS. In thiocarbamate hebicides esprocarb was more active to Echinochloa species than molinate and the higher the active ingredient of the herbicides, the greater was the activity to Echinochloa species. Differential susceptibility of Echinochloa species to the herbicides was not related to the seed size, but to the early growth stages at the time of herbicide application which were affected by the seed size.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.361-371
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• 2002

Multifunctionality of agriculture has been an important international issue in terms of environmental benefits and public concerns. We calculated soil loss mass in national basis using the USLE, and attempted to evaluate its economical benefits by replacement cost method. Soil loss mass ranged from 1.4 to $18MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ was fairly fitted to measured values for 13 cropping systems. In national basis, the factors in USLE were evaluated as: 429.4 for rainfall and runoff factor. R, 0.15 for soil erodibility factor, K, 1.72 for topographic factor, LS, 0.275 for cover and management factor, C, and 0.856 for support practice factor, P. The soil loss estimated from upland farming using the USLE was $26.1MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, but soil loss from the bare soil was $110.8MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, the ratio of soil loss from upland farming to bare soil was 23 percents. Function of reducing soil loss in comparison with the bare soil was $84.7MT\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, of which national soil loss mass was 62.6 million MT per annum in south Korea. Agriculture economic replacement cost of soil loss reduction was 497 billion Wons(398 million dollars) for the cost of upland soil dressing. For conservational purposes to increase the environmental benefits of upland farming, the agricultural practice including contour, strip cropping, terracing and division ditches should be implemented.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2012

In this paper, the wave propagation in a generalized thermo elastic plate embedded in an elastic medium (Winkler model) is studied based on the Lord-Schulman (LS) and Green-Lindsay (GL) generalized two dimensional theory of thermo elasticity. Two displacement potential functions are introduced to uncouple the equations of motion. The frequency equations that include the interaction between the plate and foundation are obtained by the traction free boundary conditions using the Bessel function solutions. The numerical calculations are carried out for the material Zinc and the computed non-dimensional frequency and attenuation coefficient are plotted as the dispersion curves for the plate with thermally insulated and isothermal boundaries. The wave characteristics are found to be more stable and realistic in the presence of thermal relaxation times and the foundation parameter. A comparison of the results for the case with no thermal effects shows well agreement with those by the membrane theory.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 0.5% calcium lactate(CaL) on the fermentation of dough and quality and shelf-life of bread. Calcium lactates(CaL-A and CaL-P) were prepared from ash of black snail which contained shell and tissue together(ABS) and powder of the snail(PSB). pH of dough with the CaLs were higher than that of the control md, volume of the dough, loaf volume of bread were lower than those of the control products. But the volumes were almost the same when the pH of the dough were adjusted to pH 5.5. Mean calcium contents of treated bread (39.36~49.70 mg/100 g) were higher than that of control products(13.43 mg/100 g). There was no difference in Hunter $L^{*}$, $a^{*}$, $b^{*}$ values between the control and the treated group. Hardness and gumminess of CaL-A treated bread were the highest, but springiness and cohesiveness were the lowest. All the attributes showed no difference in case of pH adjustment(pH 5.5). The smaller pore and larger air cell with rough surface were observed in the CaL treated bread by SEM analysis. Sensory scores of CaL treated bread showed relatively lower values than those of the control products, but the scores increased by pH adjustment. The shelf-life of bread with CaL-P and CaL-A at 2$0^{\circ}C$ were 4 and 3 days, respectively, while that of the control group 1 day.day.y.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.278-290
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• 1991

Prediction of the sop tissue changes following hard tissue movements is very important in the preoperative analysis of surgical changes of the patient who have orthognathic surgery. This study examined post operative changes of the mid-facial sop tissues in Koreans depending upon two major positional changes of the maxilla following Le Fort - I type osteotomy for orthognathic purposes. Sixty patients(41 males and 19 females) of Koreans were selected and divided into two groups according to directional change of movement of anterior bony structures of the Maxilla as follows : Group I (44 patients) was mooed anteriorly and/or inferiorly, and Group II (16 patients) was mooed posteriorly and/or superioly. Postoperative changes of the sop tissue measurements following hard tissue changes were examined on pre - and post - operative cephalometrics by means of computerized digitation methods and the ratios of changes were analysed. The results were obtained as follows : 1. In Group I, all of the sop tissue measures except the Pn was closely followed by the changes of the hard tissue measures in the horizontal plane, but the Sn and the Cm were only correlated to the vertical changes(p<0.001). In group II, all of the sop tissue measures excluding of the N' and the Pn were significantly correlated to the hard tissue measures in horizontal plane(p<0.001), but the Ls and Stm were only correlated relatively to the vertical changes of the ANS(p<0.01). 2. Predictable ratio of the Sn was 66% of the ANS or 56% of the A in the horizontal plane and 89% of the A in the vertical plane in Group I. In Group II, the Sn was predictable as 85% of the ANS or 70% of the A in the horizontal plane but was not predictable in vertical plane. 3. Predictable ratio of the Cm was 28% of the ANS or 50% of the A in the horizontal plane and 56% of the ANS or 36% of the A in the vertical plane in Group I. In Group II, the Cm was predictable horizontally as 74% of the A. Predictable ratio of the Pn was 30% of the ANS or 38% of the A in horizontal plane in Group I, but it was not predictable both horizontally and vertically in Group II. 4. Predictable ratio of the Ls was 52% of the Pr in Group I and 77% in Group II in the horizontal plane. The Stm was predictable as 34% of the pr or 22% of the I in the horizontal plane in Group I, and was also predictable as 55% of the pr or 68% of the I horizontally and 21% of the pr or 65% of the I vertically in Group II. 5. All ratios of change in the thickness. length and area of the upper lip following maxillary movement were statiscally correlated, however, mangitudes of them were meaningful clinically.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.486-491
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• 2016

The aim of this research is to establish shoot regeneration system for 'Wonhwang' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia L.) using various concentrations of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 mg/L in combination with benzylaminopurine (BA) 3, 5, 10 mg/L. Medium containing 4.4 g/L of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with vitamins containing 8 g/L of plant agar and 30 g/L of sucrose with NAA 0.05 mg/L and BA 3 mg/L showed 13.3% of shoot regeneration rate. 'Wonhwang' showed no root growth on existing rooting media of P. pyrifolia cv. Niitaka, 'Whang-keumbae' and 'Bae Yun No. 3'. We evaluated the effect of concentration and kinds of plant growth regulators and carbon source to establish efficient rooting condition for 'Wonhwang' pear. In the result of using various concentrations of NAA 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L in combination with indolebutyric acid (IBA) 3, 5, 10 mg/L, rooting rate of 24% was observed using 1/4 Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium supplemented with 7.5 g/L glucose as carbon source and IBA 1.0 mg/L with NAA 1.0 mg/L.