• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.17 no.3_4
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of foot position and lifting an object on muscle activity and foot pressure during sit to stand(STS) in hemiparetic patients. Methods: Fourteen patients participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to collect muscle activity and foot pressure measurement system was used to analyze foot pressure in hemiparetic side. Three different foot position was assumed(anterior, neutral, posterior) in hemiparetic side. The repeated two-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were conducted to determine statistical significance with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results were as follows. 1) Lower extremity muscle activity was significantly higher(p<0.05) in biceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscle during STS without holding an object. With changing positions of the affected foot, muscle activity was significantly increased (p<0.05) in vastus medialis and lateral gastrocnemius when the foot was positioned in posterior. 2) There was no significant difference(p>0.05) in foot pressure during STS with object holding and foot positioning. Conclusion: Muscle activity showed a significant increase when the foot was positioned in posterior in comparison to the muscle activity when the foot was in neutral or anterior position.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.308-315
• /
• 2014

The aims of this study are to analysis about surface muscle activity of lower and upper musculus erector spinae according to walkers form. The subjects of the current step is inconvenient to use a walker and five people over the age of 65 valid samples were selected as final. All the subjects were measured in three forms. Wireless EMG muscle activity is a measure of surface measurements were measured using a system, both musculus vastus lateralis, outside the erector spinae muscle, musculus biceps femoris, gastrocnemius muscle was attached to the channel electrodes. According to the results, First, gastrocnemius muscle activity showed significant differences by type of gait. Second, the muscle activity of the erector spinae muscle walking showed significant differences by type, side grip type showed the lowest muscle activity. Consequently, the present study is the efficient use of the four-wheel walker will provide the baseline data.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables of the lower limbs joints and the muscle activity for lower limbs during the level and downhill running. The subjects were 6 males of twenties and required to run on the level and downhill which was -7% grade treadmill at 8.3km/h. The running performances were filmed by high speed video camera and EMG signal was gained by ME3000P8 Measurement Unit. Rectus femoris(RF), Vastus lateralis(VL), Gluteus medius(GLU), Biceps femoris(BF), gastrocnemius medial head(GM), gastrocnemius lateral head(GL), Soleus(SO), Tibialis anterior(TA) were selected. The result of this study were as follows: 1. Ankle, knee, hip joint in downhill running showed less movement than the level running but, no significant difference. 2. VL and BF during the support phase in downhill running showed Iess muscle activity than the level running. but RF showed the opposite result. 3. GM, GL, SO adn TA during the supports phase in downhill running showed less muscle activity than the level running.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of bridging exercise and combined lifting pattern bridging exercise on the lower extremity muscle activity. Methods : Twenty-five healthy adults volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following bridging exercises. Muscle activity was measured by QEMG-4 system(LXM 3204, Laxtha Korea). A paired t test was used to determine the influence of muscle activity for each exercise and descriptive statistics was used to characteristics of the subjects. Results : The biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius of combined lifting pattern bridging exercise showed significance excepted vastus medialis(p<.05). In the case of men, biceps femoris showed significance in the combined lifting pattern bridging exercise(p<.05). In the case of women, biceps femoris and tibialis anterior showed significance in the combined lifting pattern bridging exercise(p<.05). Conclusion : The combined lifting pattern bridging exercise was more increased than bridging in lower extremity muscle activation. This result will be used for knee joint stabilizing exercises and biceps femoris strength training.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.433-439
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Visual information is one of the most important factors for postural balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual deprivation on the lower extremities and trunk muscle activity on an unstable surface during quiet standing. Methods: Fifteen healthy males from a university population participated in this study. Surface electromyography of the rectus abdominis, the erector spinalis, the vastus femoris oblique, the semitendinosis, the tibialis anterior, and the medial gastrocnemius was measured using EMG equipment (Telemyo 2400, Noraxon, USA). The participants were asked to maintain postural balance on an unstable surface (Balance pad, Airex, USA) for 30 seconds with eyes open and with eyes closed during quiet standing. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the muscle activity of the lower extremities and the trunk between open and closed eyes on an unstable surface. Results: The muscle activity of the trunk and the lower extremities was increased more with eyes closed than with eyes open on the unstable surface during quiet standing. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that visual information could alter lower extremity and trunk muscle activity. Therefore, visual deprivation can be used as a method to improve postural balance.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.595-599
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the bridge exercise posture for the efficient exercise by comparing the muscle activity of the lower limbs according to the changes in muscle length because of knee angle in bridge exercise. The subjects of this study were 9 randomly selected males in their 20s living in D city from those who satisfied inclusion criteria. The measured muscles were Vastus medialis oblique, Vastus lateralis, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris, Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Tensor faciae latae, and Adductor longus. Data were analyzed through paired comparison test. In the result, ST, BF, and TFL muscle activities were high when knee joint flexion angle was $90^{\circ}$ Although in most cases higher muscle activity was shown at $90^{\circ}$ than $60^{\circ}$ there was no statistical significance. Interestingly, it was lower at $90^{\circ}$ than $60^{\circ}$ in VL. In ST, BF, and TFL, it was significantly higher at $90^{\circ}$ than $60^{\circ}$ (p<.05). Conclusively, knee angles in bridge exercise may affect the muscle activity, and in particular when the activity of two joint muscles such as semimenbranosus muscle, biceps femoris muscle, and tensor fasciae latae muscle increase as the angle gets higher. Therefore, it is considered that this study will provide helpful tips to develop muscular strength enforcement program for the patients with damages in the lower limbs through bridge exercise in clinical situations.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the lower extremity muscle activity and knee joint load according to movement speed conditions during the barbell back squat. Method: Nine males with resistance training experience participated in this study. Participants performed the barbell back squat in three conditions (Standard, Fast, and Slow) differing movement speed. During the barbell back squat, muscle activity of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris long head (BFL), semitendinosus (ST), gluteus maximus (GM), gastrocnemius (GCN), and tibialis anterior (TA) was collected using an 8 channel wireless EMG system. The peak flexion angle of the lower extremity joints and the peak resultant joint force in each direction of the knee joint were calculated using eight motion capture cameras and ground reaction force plates. This study was to used the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test, to compare lower extremity muscle activity and peak resultant joint force at knee joint according to movement speed conditions during the barbell back squat, and the statistical significance level was set at .01. Results: In the downward phase of the barbell back squat, the RF and TA showed the higher muscle activity in the fast condition, and in the upward phase, RF, VL, VM, BFL, ST, GM, and TA showed the higher muscle activity in the fast condition. As a results, analyzing of the load on the knee joint, in the downward phase, and in the upward phase, the higher peak compressive force of the knee joint was showed in the fast condition. Conclusion: The barbell back squat with fast movement speed was more effective due to increased muscle activity of lower extremity, but one must be careful of knee joint injuries because the load on the knee joint may increase during the barbell back squat with fast movement speed.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study compared and analyzed the effect of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) arm extension pattern and leg flexion pattern on the contralateral lower extremity muscles when the patterns were applied to the same subject. Methods: In the study, 35 healthy men and women who understood the PNF patterns were selected as participants. The participants completed the PNF arm extension-abduction-internal rotation pattern and leg flexion-adduction-external rotation with knee flexion pattern in the supine position. While the patients' completed each pattern, the contralateral leg muscle activity was measured to examine the irradiation effect. The maximum isometric contraction time of the muscles to be measured was kept for 5 seconds, and the mean value was obtained by repeating the pattern three times. Results: When the leg flexion-adduction-external rotation with knee flexion pattern was completed, the muscle activity in the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius of the contralateral lower extremity was significantly greater than that found in the PNF arm extension-abduction-internal rotation pattern. Conclusion: The PNF leg flexion pattern showed greater muscle activity on the contralateral lower extremity than the arm extension pattern. Thus, the PNF leg extension pattern is more effective in the activation of the muscles associated with weight-bearing activity.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.487-492
• /
• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to identify the effects of assuming two types of posture (standing and kneeling) during squat exercise on lower body muscle activity. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Twenty-five healthy adults (18 men and 7 women) were instructed to perform the squat exercises while assuming two types of posture (standing and kneeling). EMG (Electromyography) data (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) were recorded three times from the rectus femoris (RF), gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed) and biceps femoris (BF) of participant's dominant side and the mean values were analyzed. Results: During the squat exercise with all postures, there was statistically significant difference on rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris muscle activity (p<0.05). The results showed that, there was significantly greater rectus femoris, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris muscle activity in standing posture than in kneeling position (p<0.05). However, the gluteus maximus muscle activity was significantly greater with kneeling posture compared to standing posture (p<0.05). Conclusions: With standing posture, it is showed that rectus femoris, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris muscle activity was greater than kneeling position. While the gluteus maximus muscle activity with standing posture was less than with kneeling posture. Therefore, it is considered that this study can be used as a selective indicator of exercise posture for strengthening specific muscle or weakness caused by paralysis.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combining Mulligan taping and flossing bands on lower limb muscle activity and static and dynamic balance. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with chronic ankle instability were randomized into three groups that were treated with Mulligan taping (MT, n=22), flossing band (FB, n=23) and Mulligan taping combined with flossing band (MT+FB, n=23), and various parameters were compared before and after the intervention. The muscle activity of the lower extremities, including the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus and medial of gastrocnemius muscles was measured using BTS FREE EMG 1000, while the static and dynamic balance were measured using the Biorscuue balance measuring equipment. Results: There was a significant difference in muscle activity of the tibialis anterior muscle, before and after the intervention, in the MT group (p<0.01), FB (p<0.001) and MT+FB (p<0.001). There was also a significant difference in the muscle activity of the tibialis anterior muscle in the MT+FB group when compared with that in MT and FB groups (p<0.05). We also observed a significant difference in the dynamic balance all the groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: Therefore, combining Mulligan taping and flossing bands for patients with chronic ankle instability may improve dynamic balance and tibialis anterior muscle activity.