• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.1 s.44
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• pp.199-220
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• 1994

This study was conducted to determine the electromyographic features in the perioral muscles of class II division 1 malocclusion with incompetent lips, and to grope the correlation between its activities and craniofacial morphology. Tn this study, 14 subjects with class II division 1 malocclusion with incompetent lips(mean age of 20.5 years) and 20 subjects with normal occlusion(mean age of 23.9 years) were investigated. Electromyographic data were recorded from orbicularis oris, mentalis, buccinator and suprahyoid muscles durig rest lip posture, lip position at sealing, maximum sealing, maximal blowing, maximal biting, sipping milk, sipping and swallowing milk, chewing gum, masticating almond, swallowing almond and phonation utilizing the Medelec MS-25 electromyographic apparatus. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken with the mandible in intercuspal position on all subjects. All data were recorded statistically processed. The findings of this study can be summerized as follows : 1. In class II division 1 malocclusion with incompetent lips, the overall augmentations of perioral muscle activities during various functionel movements set for lip sealing were manifested and particular swelling in mentalis activity at rest was detected. 2. On the other hand remarkable diminution of upper lip acitivities at lip sealing movements was drawn. 3. In Class II division 1 malocclusion with incompetent lips, negative correlations existed between the diversity of upper lip activities and upper incisor position and overjet as well in contrast to positive correlations in the lower lip. 4. It was suggested that the abnormal function of lower lip and mentalis muscle contributed somewhat the revelation of the characteristics of Class II division 1 malocclusion.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2013

Background Because there are numerous methods for reconstruction of the lower lip, it is not easy to choose the optimal method. In choosing the surgical method for lower lip reconstruction, we obtained acceptable outcomes based on our treatment strategy, which included either a barrel-shaped excision or the Webster modification of the Bernard operation. We report on the surgical outcomes based on our treatment strategy. Methods This study included 26 patients who underwent lower lip reconstructive surgery from September 1996 to September 2010. The operation was done using either a barrel-shaped excision or the Webster modification, considering the location of the defect, the size of the defect, and the amount of residual tissue on the lateral side of the vermilion after excision. Results In our series, 3 patients underwent a single barrel-shaped excision, and nine patients underwent a double barrel-shaped excision. In addition, the unilateral Webster modification was performed on in 6 patients, and there were eight cases of bilateral Webster modification. All of the patients except one were satisfied with the postoperative shape of the lip. In one case both recurrence and dehiscence occurred. One patient had a good postoperative lip shape, but had difficulty wearing a denture, and also underwent commissuroplasty. Furthermore, there were two patients who complained of drooling, and 4 with paresthesia. Conclusions A soft tissue defect resulting from wide excision of a lower lip malignancy can be successfully reconstructed using only one of two surgical methods: the barrel-shaped excision or the Webster modification of the Bernard operation.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.78-81
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• 2014

Verrucous carcinoma is a relatively rare variant of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma first described by Ackerman in 1948. It is distinct in its slow progression, exophytic cauliflower like growth, low grade malignancy and low incidence of metastasis. The oral cavity is one of the predilection sites for verrucous carcinoma. In the oral cavity, the gingiva and buccal mucosa are the common site. Verrucous carcinoma of the lip is clinically quite rare and only several cases of that were reported in the world. The aim of this study is to report an unusual case of verrucous carcinoma of the lower lip.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2022

In Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), a rare congenital disease, lower lip pits (LLPs) can cause an aesthetically significant deformity. Surgical treatment of LLPs is necessary if they cause recurrent inflammation or aesthetic problems. Intraoperatively, surgeons should keep in mind the possibility of deep extension of the sinus tract and the relative deficiency of the midline in VWS, which increases the risk of lip disfigurement. Herein, we emphasize the importance of using a tissue-preserving technique to improve aesthetic results in VWS patients with a sinus tract.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.311-318
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose an efficient method for recognizing pupils and lip in a human face. Pupils are detected by a cost function, which uses features based on the eye's shape and a relation between pupil and eyebrow. The inner boundary of lip is detected by weighted vectors based on lip's shape and on the difference of gray level between lip and face skin. These vectors extract four feature points of lip : the top of the upper lip, the bottom of the lower lip, and the two corners. The experiments have been performed for many images and show very encouraging result.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-35
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• 2009

Purpose : Granular cell tumour(GCT) is a rare benign tumour that can arise in anywhere throughout the body. Histopathological diagnosis of malignancy is difficult. We report a case of a granular cell tumor which developed on lower lip. Methods : A 58-year-old male had a palpable mass and whitish plaque in the oral mucosa for three months. Results : Under local anasthesia, the tumor was removed through wide excision including normal skin margin. Immediate reconstruction using local flap was done. Pathologic observation showed nests of polygonal cells with abundant granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei. Immunohistopathologic staining showed positive reaction on S-100 protein Conclusion : The results support the hypothesis that granular cell tumor is derived from Schwann cells. We report here on a case of granular cell tumor of lower lip that was successfully treated with radical resection.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 1998

Mucoceles of the minor salivary glands are the most common cystic lesions affected the oral mucosa. They are believed to be the result of trauma to the salivary duct caused, for example, by biting the lip, cheek, or tongue. Surgical excision has been the most common treatment for these lesions, but occasional recurrences develop after excision because surgical trauma may damage the surrounding minor salivary glands Although various alternative nonsurgical approaches, such as steroid infection, application of gamma-linolenic acid, have also been reported, they are not used routinely, Lasers, particularly the carbon dioxide laser, have been used in the management of mucoceles. Although this treatment requires specialized equipment. Cryotherapy is another effective nonsurgical method for treating mucoceles. Clinically, cryotherapy has primarily been applied to the treatment of leukoplakia and hyperplastic, granulomatous, vascular, and pigmented lesions. Limited information, however, is available on the application of cryotherapy in salivary gland lesions, including mucoceles. A simple and easy cryotherapy to treat a mucocele on the lower lip is described. A 25 years old female patient with a mucocele on the lower lip was treated by direct application of liquid nitrogen with a cotton swab. The lesion was exposed to 4 or 5 cycles composed of freezings of 10-30 s and thawings of double the freezing times. No anesthesia was required. The lesion nearly disappeared without scar 10 days after the cryotherapy. Cryotherapy has become an established nonsurgical method, characterized by its simple application, therapeutic effectiveness, painless during the procedure and low incidence of secondary infection and hemorrhage.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.164-167
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• 2021

Reconstruction of lip defects is important because the lips play an important role in maintaining aesthetic facial balance, facial expressions, and speech. There are various methods of lip reconstruction such as primary repair, skin grafting, and utilization of local and free flaps. It is important to select a proper reconstruction method according to the size and location of lip defect. Failure to select an appropriate method may result in distortion, color mismatch, sensory loss, and aesthetic imbalance. Herein we present a case of successful aesthetic reconstruction of the lower vermilion. We removed a venous malformation, which was limited to the lower vermilion and adjacent to the white roll, and repaired the defect using the modified O-Z flap.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2017

Background: The author analyse the impact of extracapsular lymph node spread and bone engagement in the ipsilateral neck of patients suffering squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lower lip. Methods: The data of 56 neck dissections performed in patients suffering SCC of the lower lip between January 2000 and December 2008 were retrospectively analysed. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier life table method, and the survival rate was investigated with the log rank statistic and significance test. The values were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Nine patients took advantage from simultaneous treatment of tumor and prophylactic neck dissection (level I-III), reaching 100% survival rate. Patients suffering metastasized disease, who received radical neck dissection at the time of tumor treatment, presented 83.3% survival rate. Patients who underwent previous surgery and radiotherapy presented worse prognosis although radical neck dissection in case of extra-capsular spread only (24.7%) and osseous engagement (22.2%). Conclusion: Prophylactic neck dissection (level I-III) is recommended in T3-T4 N0 SCC. Simultaneous treatment of tumor and cervical lymph nodes provides a better prognosis as respect to delayed nodal management. Extra-capsular spread with or without bone engagement represents independent risk factor responsible for high mortality rate of SCC of the lower lip.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 2023

Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy on the lower lip. Surgical excision, the standard treatment for SCC, requires full-thickness excision. However, no consensus exists about the appropriate surgical margin. Therefore, we investigated the appropriate surgical margin and excision technique by analyzing 23 years of surgical experience with lower-lip SCC. Methods We reviewed 44 patients with lower-lip SCC who underwent surgery from November 1997 to October 2020. Frozen biopsy was performed with an appropriate margin on the left and right sides of the lesion, and the margin below the lesion was the skin above the sulcus boundary. If the frozen biopsy result was positive, an additional session was performed to secure a negative margin. Full-thickness excision was performed until the final negative margin. In each patient, the total number of sessions performed, final surgical margin, and recurrence were analyzed. Results Forty-one cases ended in the first session, 2 ended in the second session, and 1 ended in the third session. The final surgical margins (left and right; n = 88) were 5 mm (66%), 7 mm (9%), 8 mm (2.3%), 10 mm (20.4%), and 15 mm (2.3%). During an average follow-up of 67.4 months (range, 12-227 months), recurrence occurred in one patient. Conclusion The final surgical margin was 5 mm in 66% (58/88) of the cases, and 97.7% (86/88) were within 10 mm. Therefore, we set the first frozen biopsy margin to 5 mm, and we suggest that a 5-mm additional excision is appropriate when frozen biopsy results are positive.