• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.263-266
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• 2020

Infantile hemangiomas have a growth phase and an involution phase. For this reason, serial observation has generally been recommended as the treatment for uncomplicated infantile hemangiomas. Recently, however, individualized approaches have been emphasized. Although cleft lip and infantile hemangioma are common congenital diseases, infantile hemangiomas on the cleft side (i.e., in the operative field of the cleft lip) are extremely rare, and no clear guidelines have been established for their treatment. We experienced a case in which a patient with a cleft lip had an infantile hemangioma on the cleft side. In accordance with general treatment guidelines, cleft repair was performed 3 months after birth. The Millard rotation-advancement technique, which involves the use of a lower small triangular flap, was used for the repair. No intraoperative complications, such as massive bleeding, or postoperative complications were noted. The patient has received regular follow-up for the past 18 years, and other than a reddish scar on the lower lip, he currently has no related issues. Therefore, this case demonstrates that cleft lip repair performed according to cleft lip treatment guidelines produces good outcomes, even in cases involving a hemangioma on the cleft side.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1984

This work was undertaken to evaluate the integumental response in lower face to hard tissue changes, and to grope the prediction equation for expected integumental profile changes. Cephalometric headplates of 25 persons consisted of 8 Angle's class 1 maxillary protrusive and 17 Angle's class II division 1 patients whose mean age was 15.2 years were traced, diagramatized, and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. Upper incisor and lips were retracted and convexity of integumental profile decreased concurrently with decrease of hard tissue procumbency, however soft tissue point A', B', and Pog' did not undergo significant changes after orthodontic treatment. 2. Remarkable increment of upper lip thickness and upper lip height was shown and this was related to upper incisor retraction. The ratio between the amount of upper incisor retraction and the increment o f upper lip thickness was approximately 1.16:1. 3. Moderate correlation of upper lip retraction to upper incisor retraction, and of lower lip retraction to lower incisor movement were arranged, and yet comparatively wide variability from subject to subject was shown. 4. It was possible to predict statistically for horizontal alteration of lip position and change of upper lip angulation ground in orthodontic treatment.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.77-89
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• 2018

Speech articulators are coordinated for the purpose of segmental constriction in terms of a task. In particular, vertical jaw movements repeatedly contribute to consonantal as well as vocalic constriction. The current study explores vertical jaw movements in conjunction with bilabial constriction in bilabial stop /p/ in the context /a/-to-/a/. Revisiting kinematic data of /p/ collected using the electromagenetic midsagittal articulometer (EMMA) method from seven (four female and three male) speakers of Seoul Korean, we examined maximum vertical jaw position, its relative timing with respect to the upper and lower lips, and lip aperture minima. The results of those dependent variables are recapitulated in terms of linguistic (different word boundaries) and paralinguistic (different speech rates) factors as follows. Firstly, maximum jaw height was lower in the across-word boundary condition (across-word < within-word), but it did not differ as a function of different speech rates (comfortable = fast). Secondly, more reduction in the lip aperture (LA) gesture occurred in fast rate, while word-boundary effects were absent. Thirdly, jaw raising was still in progress after the lips' positional extrema were achieved in the within-word condition, while the former was completed before the latter in the across-word condition. Lastly, relative temporal lags between the jaw and the lips (UL and LL) were more synchronous in fast rate, compared to comfortable rate. When these results are considered together, it is possible to posit that speakers are not tolerant of lenition to the extent that it is potentially realized as a labial approximant in either word-boundary condition while jaw height still manifested lower jaw position in the across-word boundary condition. Early termination of vertical jaw maxima before vertical lower lip maxima across-word condition may be partly responsible for the spatial reduction of jaw raising movements. This may come about as a consequence of an excessive number of factors (e.g., upper lip height (UH), lower lip height (LH), jaw angle (JA)) for the representation of a vector with two degrees of freedom (x, y) engaged in a gesture-based task (e.g., lip aperture (LA)). In the task-dynamic application toolkit, the jaw angle parameter can be assigned numerical values for greater weight in the across-word boundary condition, which in turn gives rise to lower jaw position. Speech rate-dependent spatial reduction in lip aperture may be able to be resolved by means of manipulating activation time of an active tract variable in the gestural score level.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2019

Congenital hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle is a rare cause of asymmetrical crying facies in newborns. The clinical manifestations range from mild to severe asymmetry and may persist up to adulthood. In the current case, the patient did not exhibit other congenital anomalies or paralysis of other branches of the facial nerve. This adult patient presented with severe asymmetrical lower lip deformity during full mouth opening since birth. A chromosomal study for the detection of 22q gene deletion yielded negative results. The electromyography findings of the lower lip were insignificant. Depressor labii inferioris muscle resection was not effective, but bidirectional (horizontal and vertical) fascia lata grafting improved the aesthetic appearance of the asymmetrical lower lip. The patient showed improved lower lip symmetry during full mouth opening at 1 year after the surgery. Therefore, the details of this rare case are reported herein.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 2019

Background: The mental V-Y advancement flap method is useful for reconstruction of lower lip defect because of its many advantages. However, it is not easy to select the optimal reconstructive method for the vermilion defect that remains after application of the mental V-Y advancement flap. In choosing the representative surgical method for vermilion mucosal reconstruction including mucosal V-Y advancement flap, buccal mucosal flap, and buccal mucosal graft. We describe an efficient technique to large lower lip defects combining mental V-Y advancement flap and buccal mucosal graft Methods: This study included 16 patients who underwent reconstructive surgery for full-thickness and large defect (> half the entire width) of the lower lip from October 2006 to September 2017. The operation was conducted using mental V-Y advancement flap with various vermilion mucosal reconstruction methods considering the location of the defect and the amount of residual tissue of the lip coloboma after excision. Results: All patients underwent mental V-Y advancement flap. In vermilion mucosal reconstruction, five patients underwent mucosal V-Y advancement flap, three underwent buccal mucosal flap, and eight underwent buccal mucosal graft. There were good aesthetic and functional results in all patients who underwent buccal mucosal graft. However, two patients who underwent mucosal V-Y advancement flap complained of oral incompetence, and all patients who underwent buccal mucosal flap had oral commissure deformity. Conclusion: Buccal mucosal graft combined with mental V-Y advancement flap can produce suitable functional and aesthetic outcomes in near total lower lip reconstruction in patient with large mucosal defect including vermilion portion.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.222-226
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• 2018

A 70-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary stent insertion visited our hospital 7 days after biting his lower lip. Swelling and inflammation had worsened despite debridement and antibiotic treatment. On the 8th hospital day, fungal infection with Candida albicans and superimposed bacterial infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae were found on tissue culture. Extensive necrosis resulted in a defect of approximately 3/4 of the entire lower lip and a full-layer skin defect from the vermilion to the gingivobuccal sulcus at the right corner of the mouth. To correct drooling, incomplete lip sealing, and trismus, staged reconstruction was performed with consideration of cosmetic and functional features. The treatment process using staged reconstruction and antifungal treatment for an extensive lower lip defect caused by fungal stomatitis is described.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose an efficient method for recognizing lip. Lip is localized by using the shape of lip and the pixel values around lip contour. The shape of lip is represented by a statistically based active shape model which learns typical lip shape from a training set. Because this model is affected by the initial position, we use a boundary between upper and lower lip as initial position for searching lip. The boundary is localized by using a weighted vector based on lip's shape. The experiments have been performed for many images, and show very encouraging result.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.221-270
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• 1998

Objective This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances as a basic principle, and it is for finding shape differences of the ear, eye, nose, mouth according to the Sasang constitution Method We have collected 209 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung-Hee Medical Center and took pictures of the frontal view, lateral view, oblique view of face and measured heights, deapth, breadths of ear, eye, nose, mouth with 'The Measurement of R. Martin'. We analyzed shape differences of the face according to the Sasang constitution with certain results Results We got the morphologic characteristics of ear, eye, nose and mouth according to the Sasang constitution as Table 3. -Table 10. Conclusion : 1. The morphologic characteristics of Ear according to the Sasang constitution (1) Morphologic ear length, Physiognomic ear length, Ear lobule length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (2) Physiognomic ear breadth is wider in Taeumin than Soeumin. (3) Physiognomic ear length, lobule length ratio is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin. 2. The morphologic characteristics of Eye according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Inner Palpebral fissure width, 5th Palpebral fissure length, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance is the longest in Taeumin (2) Palpebral fissure inclination is widest in Soeumin. (3) Palpebral fissure length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (4) Pupillary diameter ratio is the lowest in Taeumin (5) Palpebral fissure length, width ratio is higher in Soeumin than Taeumin. (6)zygomatic breadth, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance ratio is the higher in Taeumin than Soeumin. 3. The morphologic characteristics of Nose according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Nasion depth is deepest in Soyangin. (2) Nasion to pupillary depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (3) Nasal tip depth, Nostril to Nasalalar depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (4) Subnasale to Nasalalar depth is the shallowest in Taeumin (5) Nasalalar height is lowest in Soeumin. (6) Nasalalar to Nostril distance is deeper Taeumin than Soeumin. (7) Nasal tip depth, Nasal depth ratio is the highest in Taeumin (8) Nasal depth Nasalalar heightratio is lowest in Soeumin. (9) Midfaceheight, Nasal tip depth ratio is higher Soyangin than Taeumin. 4. The morphologic characteristics of mouth according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Lower mid lip height, Lower philtrum height, Lower quarter lip height, Total middle lip height, Total philtrum height, Total quarter lip height is the shottest in Soyangin. (2) Upper mid lip height, Upper philtrum height is longer in Taeumin than Soyangin (3) Lip inclination is higher in Soeumin than Soyangin. (4) Intercheilion breadth, total height ratio is lowest in Soyangin. (5) Total lip height, Upper philtrum height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Soeumin. (6) Lower lip height Lower quarter lip height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Taeumin. (8) Total lip area is wider in Taeumin than Soyangin.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.4-12
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• 2015

Purpose: Due to the presence of various muscles around lips, variety of facial expression can be made and changes from aging process such as wrinkles can develop on the facial skin by the action of multiple muscles. In animals, skin and muscles are developed in the entire body. On contrast, they are well developed only in the face and just one is present in the neck and the palm. Alar band was defined as outer wrinkle formed by zygomaticus minor muscle, which is common in Koreans. This study aimed to investigate clinical prevalence of alar band. Materials & Methods: Subjects were chosen from 780 new patients who visited private clinic in Gyeonggi province for orthodontic treatment. Presence of alar band was examined from the smile extraoral photos. Correlation among skeletal form, lip protrusion, gender, and age were evaluated. Results: Prevalence of alar band was higher in women (27.9%) than in men (18.5%) with statistical significance (p<0.05). With respect to age, prevalence of alar band was 19.4% in age 0-9 y, 16.9% in age 10-19 y, 31.2% in age 20-29 y, 39.5% in age 30-39, 56.5% in age 40-49. Prevalence was gradually increased from patients in their 20s to patients in their 40s and statistical significance was found (p<0.001). Concerning SN_NP, prevalence was 26.2% in normodivergent facial type, 22.0% in hyperdivergent facial type, and 32.2% in hypodivergent facial type. Hypodivergent facial group had higher prevalence but statistical significance was not observed. Statistically significant difference was not found regarding upper lip. However, prevalence of the alar band was 26% in patients with normal lower lip, 14.7% in patients with pretruded lower lip, and 33.3% in retruded lower lip. The prevalence was higher in patients with retruded lower lip with statistical significance (p<0.05). Conclusions: 27.8% on previous anatomical study and this study showed 27.8% prevalence of alar band in clinical smile photographs. Clinical photograph study showed that alar band was more prominent in women, older people, and people with retruded lips with statistical significance. This will provide valuable diagnostic information for esthetic consideration.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.276-285
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare changes in hard tissue and soft tissue after the four first premolars were extracted with anterior teeth retraction according to the presence or absence of lip incompetence. Methods: Patients who underwent the four first premolars were extracted with anterior teeth retraction were divided into competent (n = 20) and incompetent lip (n = 20) groups. Cephalometric measurements for hard tissue and soft tissue changes were performed pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results: In the competent group, the upper and lower lips retreated by 2.88 mm and 4.28 mm, respectively, and in the incompetent group by 4.13 mm and 5.57 mm, respectively; the differences between the two groups were significant (p < 0.05). A strong positive correlation between retraction of the upper lip and upper incisors was observed in both groups (p < 0.05), whereas a correlation between retraction of the lower lip and lower incisors was only found in the incompetent group. A simple linear regression analysis showed that the pattern of lip retraction following the retraction of the anterior teeth was more predictable in the incompetent group than in the competent group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the initial evaluation of lip incompetence in patients with skeletal Class II is essential for the accurate prediction of the soft tissue changes following retraction of the anterior teeth in premolar extraction treatment. Therefore, sufficient explanation should be provided during patient consultations.