• International Journal of Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2003

The lower and upper flash points of the flammable binary system, butylacetate+2-propanol were measured by air blowing tester. The shape of the concentration-temperature region of flash depended on the components of the mixture in solution. The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the reduced model under an ideal solution assumption and the flash point-prediction models based on Van Laar equation. Good qualitative agreement was obtained with these models. The prediction results of these models can thus be applied to incorporate inherently safer design for chemical process, such as the determination of the safe storage conditions for flammable solutions.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.6-10
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• 2010

The flash point of liquid solution is one of the most important flammability properties that used in hazard and risk assessments. Minimum flash point behaviour (MFPB) is showed when the flash point of a liquid mixture is below the flash points of the individual components. In this paper, the lower flash points for the flammable binary system, n-decane+n-octanol, were measured by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. This binary mixture exhibited MFPB. The measured flash points were compared with the values calculated by the Raoult's law and the optimization method using van Laar and UNIQUAC equations. The optimization method were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law, and successfully estimated MFPB. The opimization method based on the van Laar equation described the experimentally-derived data more effectively than was the case when the prediction model was based upon the UNIQUAC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

For the safe handling of 3-hexanone(ethyl propyl ketone), this study was investigated the explosion limits of 3-hexanone in the reference data. The flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of 3-hexanone by using closed-cup tester were experimented at $18^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of 3-hexanone by using open cup tester were experimented in $27^{\circ}C{\sim}32^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for 3-hexanone. The experimental AIT of 3-hexanone was at $425^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit( LEL) by the measured lower flash point of 3-hexanone was calculated as 1.21 Vol%.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.20-24
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• 2015

For the safe handling of anisole, this study was investigated the explosion limits of anisole in the reference data. The flash points and auto-ignition temperatures (AITs) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of Anisole by using closed-cup tester were experimented in $39^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of Anisole by using open cup tester were experimented in $50^{\circ}C$ and $54^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for Anisole. The AIT of Anisole was experimented as $390^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit (LEL) by the measured the lower flash point for Anisole were calculated as 1.07 Vol%.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-175
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• 2014

For the safe handling of ethylbenzene, this study was investigated the explosion limits of ethylbenzene in the reference data. And the lower flash points, upper flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of ethylbenzene by using Setaflash closed-cup and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented $20^{\circ}C$ and $22^{\circ}C$, respectively. The lower flash points ethylbenzene by using Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented $25^{\circ}C$ and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively. Also, this study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for ethylbnezene. The experimental AIT of ethylbenzene was $430^{\circ}C$. The calculated LEL and UEL by using the measured lower flash point and upper flash point were 0.93 Vol.% and 7.96 Vol.%, respectively.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.65-69
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• 2008

An accurate knowledge of the flash point is important in developing appropriate preventive and control measures in industrial fire protection. The lower flash points for the n-propanol+formic acid system were measured by Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus. This binary mixture exhibited MFPB (minimum flash point behavior), which leads to the minimum on the flash point vs composition curve. The Raoult's law and optimization method using Wilson equation were used to predict the lower flash points and were compared with experimental data. The calculated values based on the optimization method were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.12-16
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• 2008

Lower flash points for the binary systems, carbon tetrachloride+o-xylene and water+n-butanol were measured by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. The Raoult's law and optimization method using van Laar equation were used to predict the lower flash points and were compared with experimental data. The calculated values based on the optimization method were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.15-19
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• 2009

The flash point is the most widely used flammability property for the evaluation of the flammability hazard of combustible liquid mixtures. In this paper, the reported flash points for the the binary systems, ethylbenzene+n-butanol and ethylbenzene+n-hexanol were correlated by the optimization method. The optimization method based on the van Laar and Wilson equations were compared with the Raoult's law. The calculated values based on the optimization method were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.42-48
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• 2016

The usage of the correct combustion properties of the treated substance for the safety of the process is critical. For the safe handling of n-nonane being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature(AIT) of n-nonane was experimented. And, the explosion limit of n-nonane was calculated by using the flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of n-nonane by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $31^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of n-nonane by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $37^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$. The AIT of n-nonane by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $210^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $31^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 0.87 vol%. And the upper explosion limit by the measured upper flash point $53^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 2.78 vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2012

For the safe handling of n-nonanol, this study was investigated the explosion limits of n-nonanol in the reference data. The flash points and AITs (autoignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. As a results, the lower and upper explosion limits of n-nonanol recommended 0.8 Vol.% and 6.1 Vol.%, respectively. The lower flash points of n-nonanol by using closed-cup tester were experimented $94{\sim}97^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of n-nonanol by using open cup tester were experimented $103{\sim}104^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659-78 apparatus for n-nonanol. The experimental AIT of n-nonanol was $270^{\circ}C$.