• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1993

Wood chips of oak (Quercus mongolica) and larch (Larix leptolepis) were treated with a relatively low pressure steam(10~20 kg/$cm^2$) for 10~20 min (first-stage),and then increased pressure up to 30kg/$cm^2$ for 30 second (second-stage), and steam pressure was released intentionally to air. Main components of exploded wood were separated with 1% NaOH and hot water-methanol. In this work, the more effective low pressure explosion condition and separation method of wood main component were investigated. The results can be summarized as follows; 1. The yields of exploded wood were generally decreased with increasing steam pressure and reaction time. 2. The proper condition of steam explosion in low pressure for the separation of wood main components was 15kg/$cm^2$-10 min, in oak wood and 20kg/$cm^2$-10 min., then 30kg/$cm^2$-0.5 min, in larch wood. 3. The 23% of elude hemicellulose was obtained from the exploded oak wood which was treated with optimal condition. 4. In the case of hot water-methanol extraction, the ratio of delignification was 14~23% in the exploded larch wood and 42~55% in the exploded oak wood. 5. The methanol was more effective than 1% sodium hydroxide solution for extraction of lignin from exploded wood.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.276-280
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• 2003

남부지역에 적응한 사초용 유채의 춘파 품종을 선발하기 위하여 3월 25일에 파종한 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 다수성이며 조단백질 함량과 in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)가 높고 NDF, ADF, cellulose 및 lignin 함량이 낮아서 영양가가 우수한 춘파 용 사초 유채는 Velox 품종이었다. 2. Velox품종은 초장이 길고 경태가 두꺼웠으며 주경의 잎도 많았고 생체중 과 총건물수량이 가장 많았다. 3. 모든 형질에 대한 유전력은 대부분의 형질에서 높았으나 hemicellulose에서만이 낮게 평가되었다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, Two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and their nutritional value were observed in Spring. Generally, rape was considered as a useful forage fodder crop with high content of crude protein and low contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Differences in mean values of the above characters between two groups of rape were not statistically significant. Velox showed significantly higher content of crude protein and significantly lower contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin compared with other varieties of forage rape in spring. Rape was relatively high in IVDMD compared with other forage fodder crops, and forage rape was more or less in IVDMD and DDMW than oil seed rape. Velox was the highest in IVDMD and DDMW among the varieties of forage rape in Spring, in this experiment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical components of rusty root for seeking the cause of rust. Na, Fe contents were higher in various tissues of six-year-old rusty root than healthy root. Contents of total sugar in epidermis of rusty root was low but crude lignin and suborn contents were high. Crude lipid content increased with the rate of rusty symptoms in each part of root respectively. Pentadecanoic, stearic, oleic, lignoseric acid contents increased in cortex of tap root with the rate of rusty symptoms but decreased in pith. Total ginsenoside and crude saponin contents increased , in pith and cortex of tap root with the rate of rusty symptoms but decreased in lateral and fine root.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

The biometry, morphological properties and chemical composition of bagasse, corn, sunflower, rice, and rapeseed residues plants were analyzed. The results revealed differences in biometry properties and chemical composition of the different types of agricultural resides investigated. The greatest proportion of fiber length (1.32 mm) and cellulose (55.56%) was found in residues of bagasse plants, with a low ash (1.78%) and lignin (20.5%). The lignin of all types of agricultural resides was less than hardwood and softwood. In addition, the rice and rapeseed residues plants had highest amount of ash and extractive component. The slenderness and flexibility ratios of the all types of agricultural resides fibers were similar to some of hardwood and softwood species.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.485-488
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• 2006

In order to investigate the possibility of waste mushroom logs as biomass resource chemical and physical characteristics of normal woods and waste mushroom logs such as crystallinity value, energy consumption, total sugar yield after hydrolysis chemical compounds and molecular weight distribution after acid hydrolysis, were examined. In the results, crystallinity of waste mushroom logs which were three year passed after the inoculation was decreased drastically from 49% to 33% during the cultivation. Lignin contents as chemical compounds of normal woods and waste mushroom logs were 21.07% and 18.78%, respectively. By the results of measurement of energy consumption, the size reduction of normal woods required a significantly higher energy than that of waste mushroom logs. In the hydrolysis, total sugar yield by enzyme and acid hydrolysis were high in waste mushroom logs(53% 57.5%) than in normal woods(42.9%, 47.17%). According to the molecular weight distribution using GPC, low molecular weight compounds were distributed in waste mushroom logs. Based on these results, waste mushroom logs have enough potential as material for developing alternative energy because of easily conversion to sugar by various hydrolysis methods and requirement of low energy consumption during size reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.58-69
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• 1983

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 한국산(韓國産) 잣나무에서 단리(單離)한 lignin 화합물(化合物)과 이미 단리(單離)된 유사한 구조(構造)를 갖는 화합물(化合物)을 비교 고찰하여 lignin화학구조(化學構造)를 위한 관능기(官能基) 및 방향환(芳香環)의 IR 스펙트럼의 귀속(歸屬)을 밝히고져 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 측쇄(側鎖)${\alpha}$위(位)에 carbonyl 기(基)를 갖는 화합물(化合物) vanillin과 dehydrodivanillin의 경우 $1,665cm^{-1}$의 carbonyl 기(基)의 특징적인 흡수(吸收)가 공(共)히 함께 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 2) 측쇄(側鎖)에 carboxyl을 갖는 화합물(化合物) vanillic acid와 syringic acid의 경우, $1,675{\sim}1,690cm^{-1}$의 carboxyl 기(基)에 유래(由來)하는 흡수대(吸收帶)범위에 나타나는 것을 확인하였으며, 3) 측쇄(側鎖)에 alcohol 기(基)를 갖는 화합물(化合物) V, VI, VII의 경우, 3,420, 3.470, $3,350cm^{-1}$에 각각의 수산기(水酸基)의 신축진동(伸縮振動)의 흡수(吸收)가 보이며, 화합물(化合物) V, VI의 1가(價) alcohol에 관한 흡수(吸收)는 $1,030cm^{-1}$와 1,025$cm^{-1}$의 강(强)한 흡수(吸收)가 보이며, 2가(價) alcohol 인 화합물(化合物) VII의 경우는 $1,020cm^{-1}$에 흡수(吸收)가 보이는데 이는 alcohol 류(類)의 흡수대(吸收帶)와 잘 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 4) Stilben화합물(化合物) VIII, IX의 경우는 매우 유사하며 guaiacyl 환(環)의 CO신축진동(伸縮振動)이 1,280, $1,270cm^{-1}$로 측정(測定)되었다. 5) Diaryl propane 화합물(化合物) X, XI, XII은 거의 유사하나 guaiacyl 환(環)을 갖는 화합물(化合物) X은 $1,030cm^{-1}$에서 CO신축진동(伸縮振動)을, syringyl 환(環)을 갖는 화합물(化合物) XI은 $1,330cm^{-1}$에서 CO신축진동(伸縮振動)을, guaiacyl-syringyl 공중합체(共重合體)(copolymer)을 갖는 화합물(化合物) XII는 $1,275cm^{-1}$와 $1,330cm^{-1}$에서 각각 특징적인, 흡수(吸收)를 나타내는 것을 재확인하였다. 이와같이 IR스펙트럼으로 화합물(化合物)의 관능기(官能基)의 흡수(吸收)나 방향족환(芳香族環)의 흡수(吸收)를 측정(測定) 비교한 결과(結果), 기재(基在) 우기화학분야(有機化學分野)나 목재화학분야(木材化學分野)의 data와 잘 일치(一致)하는 것을 재확인하였다. 앞으로 더욱이 수종(樹種)에서 새로운 lignin 화합물(化合物)을 단리동정(單離同定)하여 lignin에 관(關)한 각종(各種) data를 밝히므로서 잣나무 심재성분해명(心材成分解明)과 리그닌화학구조(化學構造) 연구(硏究)에 대한 기초적(基礎的) 자료(資料)를 제공(提供)하게 되므로 이는 학문(學問)뿐만 아니라 응용연구면(應用硏究面)에도 널리 활용(活用)될 수 있을 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2006

Coriolus hirsutus LD-1 균주의 리그닌분해효소 활성과 몇몇 염료의 탈색능을 조사하였다. 백색부후균인 LD-1 균주는 laccase(16,388.9 U/L)와 manganese- dependent peroxidase (19.81 U/L)는 생산하였으나 lignin peroxidase를 생산하지 않았다. 균주를 염료와 함께 8일간 배양했을때 염료 RBBR과 염료 BB의 탈색율은 각각 70.2%와 98%로 나타났다. Manganese-dependent peroxidase는 8일간 배양 중 효소 활성은 매우 낮은 반면 laccase는 지속적으로 생산되어 대단히 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 백색부후균인 Coriolus hirsutus LD-1에 의한 염료의 탈색은 주로 laccase에 의한 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1286-1296
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• 2007

Hanji, the korean traditional papers were mostly made from mulberry paper. But the production and demand of hanji have decreased rapidly because mulberry paper yields were insufficient and handworked hanji procedures were complicated. Recently, the researches on hanji were carried out to improve the properties of hanji. Kenaf fibers have been interested as a substitute resource of mulberry paper for hanji production. In this research, Kenai pulps were manufactured with removal methods of lignin or hemicellulose from kenaf fibers and paper mulberry pulps with traditional alkali methods. Kenaf papers, paper mulberry, and kenaf/paper mulberry mixed papers were manufactured with their pulps. The crystallinity, fiber length, color of the pulps and tensile strength, tear strength, water absorption of the papers were investigated. The results were as follow: The removal rates of lignin of chemical retted kenaf fibers with sodium chlorite reaction for 40 minutes were 70% and were higher than 40% of double retted fibers. Paper mulberry pulps has less lignin and hemicellulose than kenaf differently. The crystallinity of paper mulberry pulps were very low with 60%, but kenaf pulps were 90%. The chemical retted CR-40-1 pulps were similar with paper mulberry pulps on fiber length & fibrilation of fibers. Tensile strength of paper mulberry were higher than kenaf papers because of fibrilation of paper mulberry, but tear strength were lower. Tensile strength and tear strength were improved on kenaf/paper mulberry 30/70 mixed papers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1681-1691
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• 2012

This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on barley straw at boiling temperature and fractionation of its biomass components into lignin, hemicellulose, and reducing sugars. To this end, various concentrations of NaOH (0.5% to 2%) were applied for pretreatment of barley straw at $105^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies revealed that 2% NaOH-pretreated barley straw exposed cellulose fibers on which surface granules were abolished due to comprehensive removal of lignin and hemicellulose. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) result showed that the crystalline index was increased with increased concentration of NaOH and found a maximum 71.5% for 2% NaOH-pretreated sample. The maximum removal of lignin and hemicellulose was 84.8% and 79.5% from 2% NaOH-pretreated liquor, respectively. Reducing sugar yield was 86.5% from 2% NaOH-pretreated sample using an enzyme dose containing 20 FPU of cellulase, 40 IU of ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and 4 FXU of xylanase/g substrate. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to produce the bioethanol precursor from barley straw using 2% NaOH at boiling temperature.