• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.85-110
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine whether health status is different according to employment status and income level in wage-earners. We analyzed wage-earners of 2199 men and 1194 women aged 30-64 years, using data from the 2006 Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS). The difference of health status according to employment status and income level was compared with the multiple logistic regression and the standardized concentration index of ill-health. The risk of ill-health was high when waged-earners had low income. The same is true for poor employment status when their employment status was unstable as in manual laborers, irregular workers, temporary, daily workers or part-time workers. furthermore, the wage-earners with lower income and a relatively disadvantageous employment status showed the lowest health status compared to other groups. Ill-health was relatively more concentrated in lower income group and poor employment status. This study identified the existence of health inequality among various employment status of wage-earners. It is suggested that policies that deal with the inequality in social class may have an important impact on the health of the population.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.117-129
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• 2016

Objectives : This study investigated the prevalence of unmet health care needs among Korean adults and related factors. Methods : The study participants were adults over the age of 20 mental health experience from the Korea Health Panel in 2012(n=4,730). Statistical analysis methods used in this study were the ${\chi}^2$-test, Logistic Regression Analysis and other basic statistics such frequency-and percentage using SPSS version 22.0. Results : (1)Significant variables of stress: Factors were age, economic activity, subjective health status, and activity limitation. (2)Significant variables of depression: Factors were age, income class(low) and activity limitation. (3)Significant variables of suicidal impulse: Factors were age, chronic diseases, income class, and activity limitation. Conclusions : Stress, depression, and suicidal impulse can be unmet medical factors; therefore improvement measures and mental health counseling programs in response to suicide impulses, should be developed. Thus there is a need for a health sciences approach.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to classify the type of the Korean document chest, mungab through the literature and market survey and to investigate the preference on characteristics of the mungab. It also attempts to find out the aesthetic perception of the type of mungab by using semantic differential scales. A pilot study was conducted to select the types and pictures of the mungab. Three types and six pictures of mungab were selected. Six hundred homemakers of middle and upper class residing in seoul area were selected for the survey and 449 among them were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. The major findings are as follows: 1) The esult of pilot test, the presentative characteristics of mungab were classified into naive type, unique type, and elaborate type. 2) it was found that the modernized style of traditional mungab was wood grain and the next one was Najonchiligi. In the characteristics of decoration which was symbolic pattern, Shi-Jang-Saeng was predominant. In wanting style when they buy, the modernized style of traditional Korean chest was predominant, too. 3) Young and low income group preferred modern style using transparent paint and Sa-Goon-Ja, letters in the symbolic patterns of decoration. Old and high income group preferred traditional style using splendid and expensive materials and Ship Jang Saeng in the symbolic decoration. 4) compared with types of mungab in aesthetic perception, modern style of the traditional mungab was evaluated more positively than traditional style. The young and low income group perceived the naive type and unique type positively, but the old and high income group perceived the elaborate type the most positively.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.61-69
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• 2018

This study aims to understand and to infer the implications from the career preparation experiences of low-income university students in the context of high youth unemployment rate and the polarization of the social classes. For this purpose, we selected 13 university students who received scholarship from the S scholarship foundation and conducted analysis using text mining techniques based on the six-time interviews. According to the results, university students seem to be influenced by home environment and income level when recalling previous academic experience or designing career during the interview process. Also, these differences were found to have different characteristics according to gender and major. This study is meaningful in that the qualitative research data is analyzed by applying the text mining technique in a convergent way. As a result, the college life and career preparation of low-income university students were explored through the frequency and relation of words.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.104-114
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• 2015

Seomin has been used frequently in mass media and political discussion. However, who is Seomin, how to define Seomin, and whether Seomin and middle class are different has been rarely discussed. This study conducted both national level of survey and in-depth interviews and explored how to define Seomin and who respondents think as Seomin. The majority of respondents consider themselves as Seomin and that monthly income is the most important criteria to define Seomin. Seomin was considered as those who have high school education and 200~300(million won) monthly income, live in a rented house, and work as a small-scale self-employer, skilled laborer, and low level of white collar workers. Also, Seomin is a precarious group which can achieve upward or downward mobility and is located between low and middle class. Those who have Seomin identity tend to have pride in their social status and hope for upward mobility rather than depreciate their social status or envy the middle class. In order for Seomin to be able to achieve upward mobility and to maintain pride in current status, diverse social policies are needed. Further analyses on examining characteristics and policy needs of Seomin are needed.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.125-144
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present a legal improvement plan for health protection of the health-vulnerable class in our society in the 'COVID-19'. The contents of the first study examined the meaning of the existing (social) vulnerable class, and then critically considered the health-vulnerable class as an expanded concept in connection with the social risk of health. The term "vulnerable class" tends to have both meaning as the traditionally marginalized class such as the elderly, the disabled, and women, as well as the condition of having no ability to live due to low income, such as the low-income class. The concept of the health-vulnerable class is meaningful in that it appears as a recently expanded concept as it is linked to the concept of the vulnerable class and social risks such as health threats. The content of the second study looked at the problems that appeared when the health-vulnerable class was used together with the health care-vulnerable class in laws. Due to the laws used in both terms, there was a problem that the social security system related to health and health care could create blind spots. The contents of the third study suggested legal improvement directions for social security measures for health for the underprivileged.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.221-236
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• 1993

Economic conditions of Korean agriculture have been aggravated since farmers experienced the shortage of labor, instability of farm product price, lack of capital and pressure of opening domestic market. Nevertheless, agriculture must be maintained because structure of national economy can not be progressed without balanced growth of food industry. So the problem that we must solve is to keep agriculture competitive. In that case technology is important in terms of improving productivity, overcoming labor shortage and stabilizing price. This paper is to study the technology adoption on the farm level, focusing on the theories of technology adoption, their empirical test and effect of technology adoption on the farm household income. In this study five theories-independent model, linear model, middle class conservation model, modified middle class conservation model, basic needs and wealfare model- were introduced concerning differentiated technology adoption rate by farmers' class. Based on the survey of controlled strawberry farming in Nonsan County, Chungnam Province, who adopted six kinds of technology, modified middle class conservation model was found to explain five kinds of technology adoption pattern and linear model was useful to explain one kind of technology, that is, irrigation method, These results may mean that controlled strawbary cultivators of middle class were reluctant to accept new technology. There are many variables to effect on the technology accepting rate, that is, farmer's age, labor capacity, education level, cultivation career, size of total cultivated land, and size of strawberry farming land. LOGIT model was used to find which variable influence the technology adoption rate. Results of estimation showed that variables of cultivation career and total land size, of which coefficients were statistically significant at the 5 percent level, might be main influential factors in accepting more than three farming techniques. There was a significant income difference between farm households accepting new methods and those rejecting them. Especially in case of low class of farming group, income of farmers who was adopting new technology was examined to be much higher than that of farmers who did not adopt. This result suggests that new technology play an important role in increasing farm household income. Finally this study emphasized that there is a need to develop proper measure of technology transfer considering various socioeconomic conditions of farm households.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.502-516
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• 2014

This study has decomposed the Gini coefficient using Korean Labor & Income Panel Study data and empirically analyzed the impact of demographic characteristics and source-specific income of householder on the household income gap using panel analysis. The scope of areas were divided into 'nationwide,' 'metropolitan areas,' and 'non-metropolitan areas,' and the period before and after the global financial crisis was examined. The analysis findings are as follows. First, when the entire period was examined by income source using Gini decomposition with division of areas into 'nationwide,' 'metropolitan areas,' and 'non-metropolitan areas', the following results were revealed. The absolute and relative contribution level of property income to the gross income was the largest in the category of 'nationwide' and 'metropolitan areas,' while the contribution level of earned income was the largest in the category of 'non-metropolitan areas'. In addition, property income worsened the household income gap the most in the category of 'nationwide' and 'metropolitan areas.' Second, property income worsened the household income gap less after the financial crisis than before the crisis. It is probably because the price of real estate skyrocketed before the global financial crisis, worsening the household income gap, whereas the price drop after the crisis temporarily alleviated the gap. Third, a correlation analysis revealed that households with older householders whose education is high school graduation or below had relatively low gross income, and households with higher source-specific income, especially earned income, had relatively high gross income. Fourth, when the household income determinants were compared through panel analysis with division of areas into 'nationwide,' 'metropolitan areas,' and 'non-metropolitan areas,' the following results were obtained. While the impact of earned income, financial income, and other incomes was greater in non-metropolitan areas than in metropolitan areas, the impact of property income was greater in metropolitan areas than in non-metropolitan areas. To reduce the income gap, the government should impose higher taxes on the high-income class and provide tax benefits to the low-income class, with efforts to create a wide variety of jobs. In addition, since income inequality gets worse as the proportion of incomes generated through asset holdings becomes higher, the government should focus on stabilizing property prices while paying attention to the regional differentiation when carrying out related policies.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.65-76
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to offer essential information related to early childhood education and care policy. Using the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS) Vol.5., this study analyzed sociodemographic factors that decide the use and type of institute for early childhood education and care. The following results are obtained： First, it is not easy for young children under three years old to use education and care institutes because of their preference for home care. Second, the mother's job status affects the child's use of child care centers and private institutes for education except for the using of early child education centers. Third, the affecting main factors for the use of child care centers are quite similar to critical factors for use of the private institute for education. Thus, young children using the private institute for education could be interpreted as coming from a low-income class compared with the children using the early child education centers.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.128-134
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• 2009

This study examined people over 60 years old living in Gumi, Gyeongbuk Province and their health and disease were analyzed. The results are as followings; First, as for seniors' condition of health, females were worse than males: the older they were and the lower their schooling and income were, they recognized bad health condition. Second, as for seniors' health care, males cared for themselves better than females: the higher their schooling and income were, the better they cared for themselves. Using the methods of health care such as walking, hiking, diet care, We found out that the low income class did not get the health examination at all. Lastly, as the most seniors in Gumi city suffer a chronic disease, the city office is needed to promote various policies like prevention of age-related disease, early discovery and delay of retrogression at its own initiative.