• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.675-681
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• 1997

체내에서 영양소의 흡수에 영향을 미치는 에탄올과 섬유소 및 단백질의 급여수준에 따른 이 들 상호작용을 구명하기 위해 에탄올을 투여한 횐쥐에게 단백질 급여 수준을 7%와 20%로 달리 하고 섬유소를 5%와 10% 첨가한 실험식이를 5주간 급여하므로써 이들 영양소가 에탄을 대사효소와 항산화 물질에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. Aldehyde dehydrogenase(ADH)와 microsomal ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS) 활성은 에탄을 투여시 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 특히 MEOS 활성은 단백질 정상 급여와 정상섬유소 급여시 그 증가가 현저하였다. 에탄을 투여로 감소된 aldehyde de-hydrogenase(AIDH) 활성은 정상섬유소군의 경우 단백질 적정 급여시 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. Cytoch-rome P-450(P-450) 활성은 에탄을 투여로 증가되었으며 에탄을 투여군에서 단백질 정상급여와 과량의 섬유소 급여로 유의하게 감소되었다. Xanthine oxidase (XO) 활성은 에탄을 투여로 증가하는 경향이었으며, 저 단백군에 비하여 단백질 적정 급여시 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 또한 섬유소 급여수준에 따른 XO 활성은 에탄올 투여군 중 단백질 정상군에서만 유의적인 차이가 관찰되었다. 에탄을 투여는 간조직 중의 글루타티온 함량을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며, 단백질 결핍에 따른 영향이 현저하게 나타났다. 간조직 중의 지질과 산화 함량은 단백질 결핍시 에탄올 투여로 증가하였다. 이상의 결과에서 에탄올을 해독키 위하여 간의 ADH와 MEOS 활성이 증가되었으며 이로 인해 생성된 아세트알데히드는 AIDH 보다 XO를 통해 해독된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 에탄올 대사효소 활성에 요구되는 단백질 공급과 10% 즉, 과량의 섬유소 급여 보다 5% 섬유소 급여시 에탄올성 간손상을 경감시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships of muscle fiber characteristics to dietary energy density [3.0(Low-E) vs. 3.2 (Med-E) Mcal DE/kg)] and slaughter weight [SW; 110, 125, and 138 kg] in finishing pigs (gilt vs. barrow) using a $2{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial treatment design. Forty-one longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) samples were analyzed histochemically, with growth performance and physicochemical data for the 41 animals and their LM out of 192 animals and 72 LM used in a previous study retrospectively included. The ADG was less (P<0.01) in the Low-E than in the Med-E group (0.93 vs. 0.73 kg) whereas lightness ($L^*$) and redness ($a^*$) of LM were greater in the Low-E group SW did not influence these variables. The diameter and perimeter of the type I (slow-oxidative), type IIA (fast oxido-glycolytic) and type IIB (fast glycolytic) fibers increased with increasing SW whereas densities of the fibers decreased. However, the number and area percentages of the fiber types were not influenced by SW or dietary energy density. The percentage and per-$mm^2$ density of type IIB fibers were negatively correlated with SW (r = -0.33 and -0.57, with P<0.05 and <0.01, respectively), whereas type I fiber number percentage was positively correlated with SW (r = 0.31; P<0.05). Marbling score was negatively correlated (P<0.05) with type I (r = -0.36) and type IIB (r = -0.39) fiber densities. The $a^*$ was correlated (P<0.01) with both type I and type IIB fiber number percentages in the opposite way (r = 0.42 and -0.47, respectively). However, $L^*$ (lightness), drip loss and $pH_{24h}$ were not correlated with the fiber number percentage or density of any fiber type. Collectively, results indicate that muscle fibers grow by hypertrophy during the late finishing period, but that fiber characteristics other than the size are not significantly influenced by dietary energy density or SW.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.980-985
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• 2006

The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of a newly developed functional food containing Bacillus polyfermenticus (BP) and other physiologically active materials on the antioxidant system and the process of colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats. Following a one-week adaptation period, the rats were divided into 3 groups and fed either a high-fat, low-fiber diet (control and DMH groups), or a high-fat, low-fiber diet supplemented with B. polyfermenticus ($3.1{\times}10^8\;CFU/day$) and other physiologically active materials (chitosan, chicory, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, and flavonoids) (DMH+BP group). One week after the initiation of the diets, 2 groups of rats were subjected to six weeks of treatment with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 180 mg/kg BW, s.c.). The dietary treatments remained consistent throughout the entire experimental period. Nine weeks after the initial DMH injection, the rats supplemented with B. polyfermenticus had significantly lower numbers of aberrant crypt foci than those in the DMH group. Injections with DMH resulted in significantly higher leukocytic DNA damage and plasma lipid peroxidation levels, as well as in a lower plasma total antioxidant potential. These effects were reversed following supplementation with B. polyfermenticus and other physiological materials. Our results indicate that a functional food containing B. polyfermenticus exerts a protective effect on the antioxidant system and on the process of colon carcinogenesis, thereby suppressing the development of preneoplastic lesions.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권
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• pp.58-64
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• 2003

To enjoy a healthy life, it is important to have a well-balanced diet. However, in today's society, there is an increase in the consumption of preprocessed foods and frequency of eating out. Also the western diet, which is becoming move popular worldwide, contains relatively high levels of protein and fat, and a low amount of fiber, Furthermore, the increased availability of favorite foods has created a condition were the individual diet is less variable. With these conditions, it is difficult to maintain a diet that is nutritionally balanced. With these unbalanced diets, which are difficult to change, there has been an increase in adult disease and health problems, such as colon and breast cancer, It is speculated that metabolites for carcinogens are produced from diet components and that intestinal bacteria contribute to the production of these metabolites. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the relationships between health, diet, and intestinal microflora. Soybean oligosaccharide is composed of water-soluble saccharides that have been extracted from soybean whey, a by-product from the production of soy protein. This is mainly a mixture of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasac-charides, with the principle components being the oligosaccharide raffinose and stachyose. When consumed by humans, the oligosaccharides cannot be digested in the human duodenal and small intestinal mucosa, and these are selectively utilized by beneficial bifidobacteria in intestines. The results of acute and subacute toxicity tests, soy-bean oligosaccharides were nonpoisonous. Soybean oligosaccharides promote the growth of indigenous bifido-bacteria in the colon which by their antagonistic effects, suppress the activity of putrefactive bacteria. Also, they reduce toxic metabolites, detrimental enzymes and plasma lipid, and increase in the frequency of bowel evacuation and fecal quantities. Consequently, soybean oligosaccharides as functional foods components have potential roles in the prevention and medical treatment of chronic adult diseases. The study of processing property and physiological function of soybean oligosacchavides and development of high oligosaccharide variety allow the creation of new and exciting foodstuffs that aye functional healthy.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.630-641
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• 1998

As the incidence of diet-related diseases increase, much attention has been focused of traditional foods. Traditional foods are ultimately based on local foods. However, there has been little study looking into the recipes and nutritional value of local foods. Therefore, the present study was designed to standardize recipes and analyze the nutrients of some representative local foods of Cheollabuk-do Province. Their foods were Cheonju pibimpap, kongnamulgukpap, minmuljangokui, aejeotchim and aguytichim. Test recipes for each food were prepared, being based on various information obtained from personal interviews, literature surveys of restaurant recipes. Then test recepe was subjected to sensory evaluation. All characteristics of each food were judged as "satisfactory". The analysis of nutrient composition revealed that in general energy content was low whereas protein content was as high as recommended reguirement in all foods except for kongnamulgukpap. Vitamin content was generally high but contents of calcium and iron were relatively low in all foods. Cheonju pibimpap was rich in dietary fiber. Dietary fiber content of Cheonju pibimpap was 16.6g per serving size. All foods contained considerable amounts of essential amino acids. The major fatty acide were oleic acid, linoleic acid and glutamic acid, oleic acid being the highest in terms of composition ratio.ion ratio.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.937-944
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 한천식이섬유(Diet fiber of agar)가 지방과 포도당대사에 미치는 효과를 연구하고자, 고지방사료(High fat diet, HFD)를 급여한 C57BL/6 마우스에 한천함유음료(beverage contained agar, BCA)를 9주 동안 투여하고 지방축적, 지질농도, 인슐린농도 등의 변화를 분석하였다. 식이섭취효율은 HFD+BCA 처리그룹에서 유의적으로 감소하였지만, 체중과 식이섭취량은 HFD+BCA 처리그룹에서 일정하게 유지되었다. 또한, 지방조직과 간조직에서 지방의 축적은 HFD+Vehicle처리그룹에 비하여 HFD+BCA 처리그룹에서 낮게 관찰되었다. 더불어, BCA 처리후에 유의적인 변화는 total cholesterol (TC)과 LDL에서 관찰되었지만, HDL의 농도는 BCA처리에 의해 변화가 없었다. 인슐린의 농도는 HFD+BCAMi 처리그룹과 비교하여 HFD+BCALo과 HFD+BCAMi 처리그룹에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 한천식이섬유의 장기간 투여는 고지방사료를 급여한 동물에서 지방축적, 혈청내 지방프로파일, 인슐린농도의 개선을 유도할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. 또한, 이러한 결과는 한천식이 섬유를 함유하는 음료는 혈청내 지질과 인슐린 작용을 유도할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2012

Excessive oxidative stress and abnormal blood lipids may cause chronic diseases. This risk can be reduced by consuming an antioxidant- and fiber-rich vegetarian diet. We compared biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and lipid profiles of sex- and age-matched long-term vegetarians and omnivores in Korea. Forty-five vegetarians (23 men and 22 women; mean age, $49.5{\pm}5.3$ years), who had maintained a vegetarian diet for a minimum of 15 years, and 30 omnivores (15 men and 15 women; mean age, $48.9{\pm}3.6$ years) participated in this study. Their 1-day, 24-h recall, and 2-day dietary records were analyzed. Oxidative stress was measured by the levels of diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM). Antioxidant status was determined by the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. We observed that vegetarians had a significantly lower body fat percentage ($21.6{\pm}6.4%$) than that of omnivores ($25.4{\pm}4.6%$; $P$ < 0.004). d-ROM levels were significantly lower in vegetarians than those in omnivores ($331.82{\pm}77.96$ and $375.80{\pm}67.26$ Carratelli units; $P$ < 0.011). Additionally, total cholesterol levels in the vegetarians and omnivores were $173.73{\pm}31.42$ mg/dL and $193.17{\pm}37.89$ mg/dL, respectively ($P$ < 0.018). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was $101.36{\pm}23.57$ mg/dL and $120.60{\pm}34.62$ mg/dL ($P$ < 0.005) in the vegetarians and omnivores, respectively, indicating that vegetarians had significantly lower lipid levels. Thus, oxidative stress, body fat, and cholesterol levels were lower in long-term vegetarians than those in omnivores.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2007-2017
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• 2016

Background: Modifying lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise can reduce the risk of cancer. Psychological stress (PS) might be indirectly associated with cancer because it alters lifestyle factors. However, the relationship among these variables has not been fully investigated. Thus, we examined interactions between self-reported PS (SRPS) and habitual exercise on diet. Materials and Methods: In all, 5,587 men and 2,718 women were divided into "exerciser" and :non-exerciser" groips, based on whether they exercised reguarly, and classified into three SRPS levels: low, moderate and high. Diet was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Using a general linear model, food and nutrient consumption was estimated for each SRPS level in the 2 exercise groups, and the interactions between SRPS levels and exercise were calculated. Results: In women, the intake of pork and beef, low fat milk and yogurt, natto (fermented soybean), carrots and squash, other root vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, and wine along with the nutrients vegetable protein, soluble, insoluble and total dietary fiber, daidzein, genistein, carotene, retinol equivalents, vitamin B2, pantothenic acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron demonstrated significant interaction with SRPS and habitual exercise (p for interaction <0.05). In men, raw and green leafy vegetable and fruit and vegetable juice significantly interacted with SRPS and habitual exercise (p for interaction <0.05). Conclusions: We suggest that certain foods and nutrients, which are thought to have a protective effect against cancer, interact with SRPS and habitual exercise, especially in women. This information is valuable for understanding and improving interventions for cancer prevention.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1340-1347
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• 2010

To study the effects of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase (${\alpha}$-Gal) supplementation on performance and energy metabolism, 216 Arbor Acres male broilers were placed in 36 cages of 6 birds each and allotted to 4 diets for 42 d, with 0-21 d as starter period and 22-42 d as grower period. The 4 diets were based on corn non-dehulled soybean meal in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, with 2 levels of ${\alpha}$-Gal (0 vs. 60 U/kg feed) and 2 levels of ME (normal metabolizable energy (NME) and low metabolizable energy (LME)). Bird performance was obtained at 21 and 42 d of age with samples of feces collected for nutrient digestibility from 19-21 d and 40-42 d. At 21 and 42 d, 1 bird from 6 cages of each treatment was killed to determine liver weight, intestinal pH and chyme viscosity. With the addition of ${\alpha}$-Gal the 42 d body weight (BW) and 0-42 d average daily gain (ADG) were significantly improved (p<0.05). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) of birds fed the LME diet was significantly increased compared to those fed the NME diet during starter (p<0.01) and grower (p<0.05) periods and overall (p<0.01). There was an interaction of ${\alpha}-Gal{\times}ME$ on 0-21 d ADFI (p<0.01). Supplementation of ${\alpha}$-Gal significantly improved (p<0.01) feed efficiency during the grower period and overall. Feed efficiency of birds fed the LME diet was significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to those fed the NME diet during the starter period and overall. With the addition of ${\alpha}$-Gal apparent metabolizable energy (AME) was improved (p<0.01) by 2.1% and 1.8% during starter and grower periods, respectively. There was a main effect (p<0.05) of ${\alpha}$-Gal on the digestion of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) during the starter period and crude protein (CP), NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) during the grower period. With the addition of ${\alpha}$-Gal, the relative weight of liver was reduced (p<0.01) during the two phases. The duodenal and jejunal pH were significantly decreased (p<0.01) with the supplementation of ${\alpha}$at the two phases. ${\alpha}$-Gal addition reduced (p<0.01) chyme viscosity of the ileum during the starter and grower periods. Overall, ${\alpha}$-Gal showed a major effect on nutrient efficiency, improved ADG and feed efficiency, whereas LME decreased feed efficiency. The incorporation of ${\alpha}$-Gal into a LME diet could at least partially offset ME deficiency of non-dehulled soybean meal.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 중년여성을 대상으로 식행동 개선을 초점을 두어 6개월 간 교육을 실시하여 식사의 질, 체성분 및 혈액 성분 변화를 알아보았다. 프로그램 종료 후 대상자를 식행동 점수 변화 정도에 따라 식행동향상군과 식행동비향상군으로 나누어 비교해 본 결과, 식행동향상군의 체중, BMI, 복부지방률 그리고 내장지방의 감소율이 식행동비향상군보다 더 컸고, 식이섬유, 칼슘, 철분, 비타민 C의 섭취 변화율도 식행동향상군이 식행동비향상군보다 더 컸으며, 식행동향상군에서만 각 영양소의 INQ와 MAR이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한 식행동향상군의 중성지방의 감소율이 식행동비향상군의 감소율보다 더 컸다. 동일한 영양교육에 참여하였지만 대상자가 스스로 잘못된 식행동을 개선할 경우, 식이섭취 수준이 더 많이 개선되었을 뿐만 아니라 식사의 질도 향상되었고, 체중과 체지방의 감량하였으며, 혈중 지질 수준도 향상시키는 효과를 보였다 이상의 연구에서처럼 식행동이 향상됨에 따라 체중감량과 식사의 질 개선 그리고 혈중 지질 변화에 효과적임을 알 수 있었고, 장기적으로 만성질환을 예방 관리할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 추후에 이루어지는 비만관리 프로그램은 영양지식의 전달에 초점을 맞추기보다는 균형잡힌 영양소 섭취와 식행동 개선 및 향상을 유도하는 교육내용이 포함되어 있는 체계적인 프로그램을 장기간 시행하여 식행동 향상에 따른 효과를 살펴보는 것이 필요하다.