• 한국해양학회지
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• v.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1971

After the heavy precipitation from April 1969 to September 1970, more than 1.359 10$\^$6/㎥ of fresh water was discharged through diversion channel of the Namgang Dam. The sands and muds in the northern Sachon Bay were moved and swept away by the strong southsard flow which was observed to be speedier than five knots. The shellfish culture facility as well as the oysters and bivalves were buried. In Sachon Bay, a southward surface ebb current of approximately one knot stratifies above the northward flow of approximately 0.5 knot, which seems to be similar to the salt wedge estuary. The stratified current is responsible for the breaking of the gill nets and other fishing gears. The salinity of sea water in Chinju Bay decreased remarkably and the abnormal low salinity water lower than 5 was distributed in Sachon Bay. The low salinity water front was observed in eastern Chinju Bay and the Samchonpo Channel, where the salinity was increased from 4.6 to approximately 30 within half a tidal cycle. These caused the oysters and bivalves die, and drove anchovies and octopus out to the sea and prevented them from approaching the bay. The decrease of salinity causes the decrease of density and osmotic pressure of sea water. Turbid water would prevent the sunlight from penetrate into deep layer.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1999

An unprecedented mass mortality of commercially important macrobenthic animals, including Haliotis discus discus, H. diversicolor, Batilus cornutus, Sticopus japonious and Hemicentrotus puzoherrimus, occurred off the west coast of Cheju Island in summer of 1996. Phytoplankton blooms were absent along the coast. The appearances of the surface low-salinity water (SLSW) off the coast of Cheju Island preceded the mass mortality, leading to speculation that the low-salinity stress may have a crucial role in the mass mortality. Since there was no heavy rain for the same period, the precipitation was not a possible explanation for the decrease of salinity. Physical oceanographic data taken by NFRDI (1997) clearly indicated that the SLSW was present in the area between China and Cheju Island in August 1996. This is most likely due to a freshwater supply resulting from the existence of large river runoff. Evidence of the current and the distance between the Yangtz River and Cheju Island also supports the hypothesis that source of the SLSW was the freshwater originated from the Yangtz River runoff.[macrobenthic animals, mass mortality, surface low-salinity water].

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2017

FK506BP (FK506 binding protein 12) is a small peptide with a single FK506BP domain. It is involved in suppression of immune response, oxidative stress and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the gene expression of FK506BP in red seabream (Pagrus major) exposure to low water temperature (8℃, 33 psu) and low salinity (20℃, 10 psu). Results showed that, the expression of FK506BP was significantly increased in the experiment groups, such as low water temperature (8℃, 33 psu), and low salinity (20℃, 10 psu). These results suggest that FK506BP was played roles in biomarker gene on the environmental stress such as water temperature and salinity.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.49-62
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• 2001

Hydrographic surveys were carried out seven times during May 31, 1998 and September 24, 1998 in order to study the physical environments of the coastal area between Narodo Is. and Sorido Is. in the southern sea of Korea (the South Sea) where the occurrence of Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tide is frequently observed in summer. Temperature and salinity of the water column from the surface to the depth of 30 m exhibit large seasonal variations. Mean temperature of the water column increased by 6 and mean salinity of the water column decreased by 2.71 psu during the observation period. Both the freshwater supplied from the adjacent land and the precipitation over the study area cannot account for the observed salinity variations. The influx of the low salinity water from the offshore area is considered to be the main cause for the observed salinity changes. Surface salinity in the study area shows different spatial distribution in the period of outbreaking, mid-stage and disappearance of the red tide. Especially, salinity was abruptly lowered at the stage of disappearance of red tide as compared to salinity of the previous observation period. Vertical structure of water properties also became vertically homogeneous at the disappearance stage, while it was highly stratified in the previous observation. Such changes can only be explained by the inflow of low salinity water from the offshore, which is considered as the most possible cause for the disappearance of the red tide in the study area. This study suggests that exchanges of water, and chemical and biological factors between coastal areas and of shore area in the South Sea need to be studied in association with the general circulation of the South Sea in order for the better understanding of the occurrence and disappearance of the red tide in the coastal area of the South Sea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2006

In order to grasp physical characteristics of Ganajin Bay receiving the effluents from land, a comprehensive field surve)'has been conducted at the north of Wando and Gogeumdo in 2002. Water temperature was most high in September while most low in December. A high temperature in September was inferred to have caused by the dispersion of warm fresh water with favor of a dominant wind in autumn. However, salinity and sigma-t in situ was most low in September while most high in December. A low salinity (or density) in September turned out to reflect the influence of a dense rainfall in summer. Water temperature, salinity and density at the surface layer were lower than those at the bottom layer, except for December. Their horizontal profiles suggested the influence of effluents such as Tamjin River. Particularly, time series of water temperature acquired near the sluice and at the north channel of Wando tended to rise at the flood flow but fall at the ebb flow in accordance with the tide. The form ratio of the tide in the study area was $0.31\~0.32$ and the amplitude of the tide appeared to increase towards the west. Northeastward or southwestward flows prevailed in this area but the residual flows were all northeastward with a magnitude of $3\~4cm/s$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 1998

In order to investigate the relation between the environmental factors influencing on the fluctuation of fishing condition and the catch of anchovy in gill nets in the coastal waters of Yosu, five oceanographic factors, i.e., water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a and the catch of anchovy in gill nets are observed from June 6 to August 12 in 1993. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1) The water temperature ranged from 16.$0^{\circ}C$ to 22.6$^{\circ}C$ and the salinity from 30.13$\textperthousand$ to 33.65$\textperthousand$. the water temperature and salinity showed no significant influence on the catch of anchovy, but the catch did not expose high values in low temperature and salinity. 2) The catch of anchovy increased with the amount of chlorophyll-a. It is therefore emphasized that the amount of chlorophyll-a is the greatest one of environmental factors influencing on the catch of anchovy.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2004

Accumulation of nitrate in edible crops is undesirable due to potential risks to human health. Since nitrate has a role in the osmotic regulation of plants, salt accumulation in soil is expected to stimulate nitrate accumulation in plants. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was grown in soils of different salinities, 9.69 and $4.49dS\;m^{-1}$, in a greenhouse, and the effect of soil salinity on nitrate accumulation in lettuce was investigated. Content of nitrate in the lettuce increased significantly as soil salinity increased under low light intensity and ample supply of nitrate in root media. Soluble sugar and oxalate contents in lettuce were also significantly higher in the soil of higher salinity. Phosphate, Cl, and $SO_4$ contents in lettuce were not significantly different in soils of different salinities. Among the cations, K content in lettuce was significantly higher in the soil of higher salinity, but Na, Ca, and Mg comtents were not much influenced. Comparing to the lettuce grown in low salinity soil, although the growth of lettuce was decreased by 9% in the soil of higher salinity, nitrate accumulation in the lettuce was increased by 18.6%. These results indicate that higher nitrate content in lettuce of higher salinity soil is a positive accumulation to adapt to the water stress condition. The nitrate accumulation of vegetables grown in plastic film houses is known to be due to the heavy fertilization and low light intensity, but salt accumulation in the soil, which can lower soil water potential, is expected to stimulate the nitrate accumulation further.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.347-359
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• 1996

A study was carried out on the distribution of chlorophyll a and water quality in the dry season in Yosuhae bay and adjoining sea, Southern Korea, in July of 1994. Concentration of salinity and phosphate were lower in the outer bay than in the inner bay. While nitrate and silicate were higher in the former than in the latter. We were identified with coastal waters of origin from China with the lower salinity in outer bay. The China coastal water was characteristic of high nutrients and phytoplankton biomass, such as chlorophyll a. The principal component analysis-(PCA) on the analytical data proved that high density of phytoplankton biomass , occurred under the condition of low salinity and high concentration of nissoived Inorganic nutrients. It is thought that the thermoharine structure and biological produtions of Yosuhae bay were controlled by the China coastal water in the outer bay.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.157-170
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• 2002

To examine the structure and distribution of the Keum River plume produced by continuous river discharge we carried out three-dimensional numerical model experiments with or without Coriolis force and tide. When Coriolis force is included but tide is not the model plume forms the clockwise circulation north of southern channel in the developing stage. As the plume expansion progresses the center of circulation moves to the southwest, with fuming the discharging axis of low-salinity water to the southwest from the mouth of southern channel. These results are explained mainly in terms of barotropic geostrophy by surface slope maintained with accumulated low-salinity(buoyant) water in front of the estuary mouth due to of offshore strong salinity front. When the M$_2$ tide is included the model plume extends farther to the northwest, forming large tongue-like salinity distribution. The tidally averaged surface flows of the offshore plume are mainly in geostrophic balance. These changes in plume distribution are explained in terms of low-salinity water advection by tidal excursion and active tidal mixing; the former supplies low salinity water to the north off the estuary mouth and the later increases mean sea level along the plume and surface salinity in northern shallow coastal area. The main features of observed Keum River plume(Lee et al., 1999; Choi et al., 1999), which showed the northwestward deflection of the plume axis and northward deepening of the plume thickness from the estuary mouth region, are well reproduced by the model in which tide is included.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.402-408
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• 2002

Rice cultivar 'Janganbyeo' was cultivated by irrigating the saline waters of high salinity (3.0%) and medium saliniy (1.5%) for 4 days, and low salinity (0.5%) for 30 days at tillering, early meiosis and heading stage. Leaf injury due to salinity was most severe at tillering stage in 1999, but at heading stage in 2000. Heading date was delayed by 1 to 5 days by treatment of saline waters only at tillering stage. Culm length and panicle length were most severely shortened by treatment at early meiosis stage. Yield and yield components except for panicle number were decreased most by high salinity treatment regardless of growth stages. In particular, ripening ratio and grain weight among the yield components were decreased most conspicuously by the saline water treatment regardless of salinity and growth stage. Regarding grain weight grain-filling rate and duration, there is no remarked difference among the concentrations and treatment durations of saline water at tillering stage. However, their reductions were very different among the concentrations and treatment durations of saline water at early meiosis stage, being greatest when treated with high salinity for 4 days and followed by low salinity for 30 days. Also their reductions were very severe only when treated with high salinity for 4 days at heading stage.