• 한국사회복지학
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• 제39권
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• pp.157-179
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• 1999

이 연구는 사적 소득이전이 우리나라의 빈곤율을 어느 정도 낮추며, 소득계층별로 사적 소득이전에 의한 빈곤감소 효과가 어떻게 차이가 있는지를 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 이 연구는 1996년, 1997년, 1998년 도시가계조사 원자료와, 한국보건사회연구원과 한국노동연구원이 1998년도에 조사한 실업가구조사 원자료를 분석자료로 이용하였다. 분석결과 다음과 같은 사실들을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 우리나라의 사적 이전은 공공복지와는 비교가 안될 정도로 큰 규모를 형성하고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 도시근로자 가구, 실업가구 모두에서 사적 이전소득 수혜율이 공적 이전소득 수혜율 보다 휠씬 높았고, 이전소득의 절대량도 사적 이전이 공적 이전보다 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 사적 이전에 의한 빈곤감소 효과는 그다지 크지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 도시근로자 가구 전체를 대상으로 할 때, 사적 이전의 빈곤감소율은 $10{\sim}11%$ 정도이고, 실업가구 전체를 대상으로 할 경우 빈곤감소율은 3% 내외에 불과했다. 셋째, 사적 이전은 극빈층의 빈곤감소에는 거의 기여하지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다. 도시근로자 가구 전체를 대상으로 할 때, 사적 이전은 극빈층이라고 할 수 있는 하위 5% 계층의 빈곤율을 전혀 하락시키지 못했고, 실업가구를 대상으로 할 경우에도 소득이 전혀 없거나 매우 적은 가구들인 하위 40% 이하 계층의 빈곤율을 겨우 $0.6{\sim}0.7%$ 포인트 정도밖에 떨어뜨리지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 사적 이전이 극빈층의 빈곤감소에는 거의 기여하지 못하지만, 극빈층이 현재의 생활을 유지하는 데는 매우 중요한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 도시근로자 가구를 대상으로 할때, 사적 이전소득을 수혜하는 하위 5% 계층의 경우 경상소득 대비 사적 이전소득의 비율이 25.6%에 이르며, 실업가구들에서 사적 이전소득이 있는 하위 20%계층의 경우소득 대비 사적 이전소득의 비율이 1이며, 하위 $21{\sim}40%$ 계층의 경우에도 그 비율은 52%에 달한다.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-115
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 한국노동패널의 1998년과 2001년 자료를 이용하여 가구별 균등화된 소득에 따른 소득계층을 구분하고 가구특성이 소득계층의 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 소득계층은 저소득층, 중산층, 고소득층으로 구분하였으며 소득계층의 변화는 4년 동안 계층 하락, 계층 유지, 계층 상승 등 3가지 변화와, 가장 하락, 하락, 유지, 상승, 가장 상승 등 5가지 변화로 구분하여 순위 프로빗모형을 이용하여 실증 분석하였다. 또한 1998년 저소득층의 가구특성이 계층 상승에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 1998년 저소득층과 설명변수의 상호작용을 고려하였다. 순위 프로빗모형의 추정 결과 1998년 거주지, 가구주 연령, 가구주 교육수준, 가구내 취업자수와 1998년과 2001년 사이의 가구내 취업자수의 변화가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 설명변수별 한계효과를 추정한 결과 1998년의 가구주 교육수준이 높을수록, 1998년의 가구내 취업자수가 많고 2001년까지 취업자수가 증가할수록 소득계층이 상승할 확률이 더 높아진다는 결과를 얻었다. 가구주 연령에 있어서는 중산층 및 고소득층의 경우 연령이 증가할수록 소득계층 상승 확률은 감소하나 저소득층의 경우 40대와 50대는 소득계층 상승 확률이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2018

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the factors related to the experience of unqualified dental practice. Methods : We interviewed 19,961 adults aged 30 years and over using the 2013 Community Health Survey data. To determine the independent factors related to experience of unqualified dental practice, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results : The experience of dental treatment by unqualified dentists was significantly higher in women, older people, families with less than 1 million won household income. It was lower scores in diabetes health education while The worse the subjective oral health and the required dental care was significantly higher in those who did not experience dental treatment. Conclusions : The likelihood of experiencing unqualified dental practice was higher in diabetes patients from vulnerable classes, such as women, the elderly, and those with poor educational background or low income.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 1989

While ruling Chosun, with a view to making Chosun the primary supplier of food, Japan made the peasantry of Chosun go to ruin by leaving land from them through land enterprises, and the projects of increasing rice production. At the same time, Japan formed the higher classes comprising pro-Japanese capitalists, landlords and intellectuals, and protected them in order to carry out her colonial policies. Naturally there came into being a great gulf between the minority of high society and the majority of the poor in Chosun. As there was a great difference in food life between the two, I'm going to examine the literature of those days to grasp exactly the condition of their food intake. As for the staple food, out of thirteen provinces in Chosun, 13% lived on only rice and 27% on other minor cereals with no rice. As for the subsidiary food, about thirty percents did not take any animal protein. The examination of intake of nutrition by classes shows that the higher and middle classes took the necessary amount of calorie and protein and that the component ratio of calorie was comparatively properly distributed. The lower classes are defined as those whose monthly income was less than 100 won and the peasantry in general. And again the peasantry are classified into three-high, middle and low-according to their farming conditions. The tenant farmers in Kyeongguido and the peasants of Darli community took enough amount of calorie and protein, but much smaller amount of animal protein. Fire-field farmers led not less miserable food intake than the extremely poor peasants. They seldom lived on rice. Potatoes, oats and millets were their staple food. Lastly, Engel's coefficient for the Tomack-min (the residents in mud huts) who were among the three extremely poor classes, was 73.3%, which was much higher than that of the lower classes in then Japan. Rationed rice and barley were their staple food but the rationed amount was not sufficient to satisfy needs of physical labor. In conclusion, during the period of Japanese ruling of Chosun, the minority of higher and middle classes in Chosun generally took sufficient amount of nutrient, while the status of food intake with poor peasants, fire-field farmers and Tomack-min was extremely miserable.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to look into the influence of the junior florist training course on self-esteem of children in low-income families at the community child care center. Accordingly, the program was carried out by dividing 46 children into two groups from June 2 to August 30, 2017. The program was designed into 12 sessions of floral arrangement classes, followed by the certification test. For the program, this study set 11 flower forms focusing on line, surface, and mass arrangements as the basic forms of the western flower arrangements. For the certification test, this study had the participants take the junior florist course implemented by the Korea Ggotggozi Daegyeong Association. Seventy four percent of the total participants in this program acquired a Junior Florist Certificate. As a result, self-esteem of the experimental group significantly improved (p=.000). By items of self-esteem, the experimental group showed significant changes in social self-esteem (p=.002), familial self-esteem (p=.016), and academic self-esteem (p=.031). General self-esteem did not show a statistically significant difference, but there was an improvement by 1.9%, and this study found that there was a 5.4% change on average in social, familial, and academic self-esteem. By gender, it was found that both male (p=.003), and female participants (p=.013) showed a significant change. By grade, there were significant changes in both the lower grades (p=.014), and higher grades (p=.003).

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.315-338
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• 2009

이 논문은 먼저 중국의 소비 양극화의 실태를 살펴본 후에, 소비 양극화의 요인을 검토하고, 마지막으로 소비 양극화에 대한 한국 기업의 정책 대응에 대해 살펴본다. 본 논문에서 발견된 사실은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 세계금융위기 이전부터 중국에는 계층 간 소비 양극화, 도·농간 소비 양극화, 개인소비의 양극화 현상이 존재하였다. 실제 저가품과 고가품의 매출이 많은 소비 양극화 현상이 존재하였다. 둘째, 세계금융위기 이후에는 소비 양극화 추세가 선진국이나 다른 신흥국가에 비해서 더 뚜렷하다는 징후가 많다. 고가품과 저가품의 소비증가가 다른 나라보다 더 뚜렷하다. 셋째, 중국에서 소비 양극화의 요인으로는 소득 양극화, 흑색·회색소득, 미엔즈 문화, 실업 증가, 가족형태의 변화 등이 있다. 특히 중국에서는 공식적 소득의 양극화 정도가 높을 뿐만 아니라 비공식적 소득인 흑색·회색 소득 수준이 상당히 높다. 또한 미엔즈(체면) 문화 때문에 과시적 소비의 정도가 높다. 이들은 모두 금융위기 전과 후에 모두 적용되는 소비 양극화의 요인이다. 마지막으로 이 논문은 소비 양극화의 중국적 상황에 걸 맞는 전략을 제시하고자 시도하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.879-883
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• 2012

Cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection and can be prevented by early vaccination. Objective: To assess Syrian women's level of knowledge and determinants of good knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV infection and its vaccines. Methods: A cross sectional survey was undertaken among mothers with daughters in sixth grade classes enrolled in primary schools in Aleppo city, Syria. Samples were selected through cluster sampling and data collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Less than a third of the mothers had heard of HPV infection and vaccines against cervical cancer and levels of knowledge were generally low. Good knowledge was associated with high education level, higher family monthly income, having few - less than four children, positive history of cervical cancer screening, and working or having relatives working in the medical field. The main source of information was television and few reported health care providers as a source of knowledge on HPV infection and vaccine. Conclusion: Since knowledge of HPV infection and its connection with cervical cancer and its vaccine are low, more efforts must be made to educate Syrians prior to introduction of any HPV vaccination programme. Public health efforts must focus on educating mothers, the public as well as health care providers.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.952-962
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• 2005

To explore the relationship between economic status and food and nutrient intake patterns, the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey result was analyzed. Dietary intake data of 6,978 Korean adults of 20 years and older who participated in the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey were used along with their demographic data. Economic status of the subjects was classified into the following 4 groups based on the self-reported average monthly income of household with reference to the minimum monthly living expenses (MLE) in 2001 : low < $100\%$ MLE $\leq$ middle < $200\%$ MLE $\leq$ high < $300\%$ MLE $\leq$ higher, Individuals in the higher income class had significantly higher mean intake for most of the nutrients including energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C, and a higher percentage of energy intake from fat. In addition, they consumed more animal foods including meats, eggs, fish/shellfish, milk/dairy products and fats. On the other hand, the mean intakes of individuals in the lower economic class for calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin were lower than $75\%$ of RDAs. And, there was a predominant difference in contribution of fat to total energy intake among the groups of different economic status. These results showed that household income is an important factor influencing the food and nutrient intake patterns of the Korean adult population. Although individuals at different age classes may respond differently to a change in economic status, developing and implementing nutrition policy and intervention programs for those nutritionally vulnerable groups should consider the economic status as an important factor to customize and differentiate the content of the Program. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $952\∼962$, 2005)

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.671-683
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health knowledge and actual oral health care of the selected subjects, their decision making about prosthetic treatment, the state and characteristics of their prosthetic treatment and their satisfaction with prosthetic treatment in an attempt to provide some information on the improvement of the quality of life related to oral health and the promotion of oral health. Methods : The subjects in this study were 250 people who received education in two different lifelong education institutions in the city of Busan. After a survey was conducted from May 23 to June 15, 2011, the answer sheets from 217 respondents were analyzed. Results : 1. As for the general characteristics of the respondents, the men(52.1%) outnumbered the women. Those who were in their 60 and up(47.5%) made up the largest age group, and the married people(65.4%) outnumbered the unmarried ones. By occupation, the company employees(20.3%) made up the biggest group. By education, the greatest group was high-school graduates(36.1%). By monthly mean income, the biggest group gained an income of 2.01 million won or more(36.9%). As to medical security, community-based insurance was most prevailing (36.9%). In terms of health promotion, the largest group worked out to stay fit(52.4%). 2. Regarding oral health knowledge, they had a good knowledge about the cause of dental caries(56.7%), but they weren't well aware of the right time for regular dental checkup(47.9%). In relation to oral health care, regular scaling wasn't prevailing(16.9%). 3. Regarding connections between the general characteristics and satisfaction with prosthesis, the less-educated respondents expressed significantly more dissatisfaction(p=0.015). By monthly mean income, those who had a smaller income were dissatisfied in general(p=0.028). Conclusions : The findings of the study illustrated that it's required to spread awareness of the importance of oral health among people in general, and that differentiated incremental oral health care should be provided for different age groups. In order to raise the satisfaction of patients with prosthesis, how to relieve their pain and anxiety and how to adjust prosthetic treatment cost properly should carefully be considered. In addition, the government should take measures to offer assistance for the low-income classes in preparation for an increase in the elderly population.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1173-1182
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the factors related to the dental caries and periodontal diseases of Korean elderly people in terms of demographic characteristics, oral health promotion behavior and systemic diseases in an effort to provide information on national policy setting and policy evaluation about the prevention of tooth loss resulting from severe oral diseases and the promotion of elderly people's oral health. Methods : The first-, second- and third-year raw data of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Survey were utilized, and the data of 3,882 elderly people who got a dental checkup were analyzed. The statistical package SPSS WIN 19.0 was employed to make a logistic regression analysis. Results : The senior citizens who did toothbrushing less frequently were more likely to have dental caries. As for periodontal diseases, the men were 1.34-fold more likely to have periodontal diseases than the women, and the respondents whose self-rated health state was worse were 1.40-fold more likely to have periodontal diseases than the others whose self-rated health state was better. The senior citizens who ever received treatment from unqualified people were 1.30-fold more likely to have peridontal diseases, and those who took neither vitamin compound nor minerals were 1.30-fold more likely to have periodontal diseases. Those who suffered from low High-density Lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL) were 1.35-fold more likely to have periodontal diseases than the others who didn't. Conclusions : Those whose self-rated health status is worse should especially be concerned about periodontal diseases. Specifically, it's needed to pay attention to the low-income classes, and the government should take measures to provide quality welfare services for elderly people not to receive treatment from unqualified people. Besides, research efforts should be made to determine the relationship between periodontal diseases and low HDL-cholesterolemia.