• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2022

Q. mongolica and Q. dentata are representative species of deciduous forest communities in Korea and are known to be relatively resistant to soil drying condition among Korean oaks. This study attempted to elucidate the degree of competition and ecological niche characteristics of the two species by comparing the ecological responses of the two species according to soil moisture. Competition between Q. mongolica and Q. dentata was shown to be more intense under the conditions where moisture content was low than under the conditions where moisture content was high. As for the ecological niche overlaps of the two species for soil moisture, the structural traits of plant such as stem diameter overlapped the most, the traits of biomass such as petiole weight overlapped the least, and photosynthetic organ-related traits such as leaf width and length overlapped intermediately. When looking at the competition for soil moisture between the two species, it can be seen that Q. mongolica won in nine traits (leaf width length, leaf lamina length, leaf lamina weight, leaf petiole weight, leaf area, leaves weight, shoot weight, root weight, and plant weight) and Q. dentata won in the remaining seven traits (leaf petiole length, leaves number, stem length, stem diameter, stem weight, shoot length, and root length). Competition between the two species for the moisture environment of the soil was shown to be intense under the conditions where moisture content was low. The degree of competition between Q. dentata and Q. mongolica for soil moisture is high under the conditions where soil moisture content is low, and it is judged that Q. mongolica is more competitive for soil moisture than Q. dentata.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2003

This study was performed to document the weight loss diet practice and dietary habit related to weight control in child-bearing Korean women. The subjects were 1,434 women aged 17-39 years. The subjects were classified into 3 groups based on BMI: low weight(LW) BMI < 18.5; normal weight(NW), 18.5 BMI 22.9; and overweight(OW), 23.0 BMI. Anthropometric, general characteristics, weight control practice, and the quality of diet were assessed by a questionnaire. LW group had higher rate of smoking and drinking. They also complained more subjective symptom of anemia and used less nutritional supplementation. Weight loss diet had been practiced by about 40% of subjects and the percent was increased with increasing BMI. The reason of weight loss diet were significantly different by BMI groups(p<0.05); LW to keep body in shape, OW for health. Low BMI group had experienced more side effects after weight loss diet(p<0.05). LW group usually used inappropriate method to control weight such as skipping meals and some of OW group reported using drug to lose weight. All subjects have been skipped their meals of 3.9 times per week, especially 4.3 times in LW group. By mini dietary assessment, most of the subjects did not have regular meals. LW group tended to eat what they like and OW group preferred fried food. This study showed that child-bearing aged women make a ceaseless effort apart from their weight, and LW group have a matter of grave concern because of their dietary habit and weight control practice. Additional research should be necessary to assess the relation of health and weight loss diet in young women.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 1997

성인 남녀를 비만도에 따라 저체중군의 체형, 표준 체중군의 체형, 과체중군의 체형으로 구분하여 체형에 대한 인식, 기호습관, 식습관, 건강에 대한 관심도, 체중 조절에 대한 태도 등을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자 중 저체중군의 체형이 7.9%,표준체중의 체형이 55.2%, 과페중군의 체형이 36.9%로 나타났으며, 저체중군은 마르고 키가 크고, 과체중군은 뚱뚱하고 키가 작은 경향을 보였다. 또한 자신의 실제체형과 자신이 이상형이라고 생각하는 체형과는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 이런 경향은 남자보다는 여자가 더욱 심한 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.001). 남자의 42.6%, 여자의 21.5%만이 자신의 체형에 대해 만족하는 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.01). 여자는 체중이 적을수록 자신의 체형에 대한 만족도가 증가하였으며 체형과 상관없이 모두 마른 체형을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다(P < 0.001). 2. 남자의 86.5%, 여자의 49.0%가 술을 마시는 것으로 나타났으며(p < .0.001) 저체중군 남자와 표준체중군 여자가 술을 가장 많이 마시는 것으로 조사되었다. 음주횟수는 1주일에 한 두 번 마신다가 가장 많았다. 남자의 64%가 담배를 피우는 것으로 조사되었으며 여자들은 대부분 흡연하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다(p < 0.001). 기호음료 중에서 남녀 모든 군에서 커피의 선호도가 가장 높게 나타났으며(p .0.01) 남자의 51.0%, 여자의 45.0%가 건강(보조)식품이나 영양제를 먹는다고 응답하였다. 3. 남자의 57%,여자의 45%가 식사를 항상 규칙적으로 하는 것으로 나타났으며 과체중군 여자를 제외하고 모든 체형에서 식사를 항상 규칙적으로 하는 비율이 높게 나타났다. 전혀 규칙적이 아니라고 답한 비율은 표준체중군 여자에게서 가장 높게 나타났다. 3끼의 식사량에 있어서는 남녀 모두 적당하게 먹는다고 응답한 비율이 가장 높았으며 배부르게 먹는 경우는 과체중군에서 높게 나타났다(p < 0.001). 음식의 간에 있어서 남녀 모든 군에서 적당하게 먹거나 싱겁게 먹는다고 답한 비율이 대부분을 차지하였다. 남자의 78.7%, 여자의 92.0%가 간식을 먹는 것으로 조사되었으며(p < 0.01), 저체중군의 간식율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 편식을 안한다고 답한 비율은 남자가 여자보다 높게 나타났으며(p < 0.05), 저체중군의 편식율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 한편, 식사의 질에 대하여 식사를 고칠 필요가 있다고 답한 비율은 남자가 40.4%, 여자가 56.3%로 나타났으며 (p < .0.01), 다른 군에 비하여 저체중군 남자와 과체중군 여자에게서 높게 나타났다. 4. 수면 시간은 남자는 평균 6.92시간, 여자는 6.53시간으로 조사되었으며, 과체중군 남자가 가장 길었으며, 저 체중군 여자가 가장 짧은 것으로 조사되었다. 수면시간에 관해서 남녀 모두 적당하다는 비율이 가장 높았다. 한편 하루 중 노동, 운동, 휴식, 식사의 균형에 관해서 남녀 모두 가끔 그렇다고 응답한 비율이 높게 나타났으며 전혀 아니라고 응답한 비율도 모든 체형에서 24%이상으로 나타났다. 남자의 70.2%,여자의 52.3%는 운동을 하고 있는 것으로 조사되었으며(p < 0.001) 남자는 체형과 상관없이 운동을 가끔하는 비율이 가장 높았으며, 전혀 운동을 하지 않는 비율도 24% 이상으로 나타났다. 여자의 경우 운동을 항상 하고 있는 비율은 저체중군에서, 가끔 하는 비율은 과체중군에서 높게 나타났다. 자각적 건강 상태에 관하여 남녀 모두 과반수 이상이 그저 그렇다고 응답하였으며 건강하여 문제가 없다는 남자에게서, 항상 피곤하고 건강 장애가 있다는 여자에게서 높게 나타났다(p < 0.05). 항상 피곤하고 건강 장애가 있다고 응답한 경우는 과체중군 남자와 표준체중군 여자에게서 가장 높게 나타났다. 5. 남자의 53.9%, 여자의 83.2%가 체중 조절에 관심이 있다고 하였으며(p < 0.001) 남녀 모두 체중이 증가할수록 체중 조절에 대한 관심도가 높아졌다(p < 0.01). 체중 조절에 대한 시도 경험에 대해서는 남자는 생각없다가, 여자는 과거에 몇 차례 해 본 경험이 있다가 가장 높게 나타났다(p < 0.001). 현재도 체중조절을 하고 있다는 응답자는 10% 정도로 조사되었다. 체중 조절 시도 방법에 있어서 남자의 저체중군은 체중을 늘이는 방향으로 과체중군은 체중을 줄이는 방향으로 시도하였으며, 여자의 경우에는 모두 체중을 줄이는 방향으로 시도하는 비율이 높게 나타났다(p < 0.001). 체중조절을 위한 좋은 방법으로는 남자의 경우 음식량의 조절보다는 운동을 많이 한다가 가장 많았으며 여자들은 음식물의 섭취량을 줄인다와 음식 량의 조절보다는 운동을 많이 한다고 답한 비율이 비슷하게 나타났다(P < 0.001).

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2007

Recent epidemiologic studies show that gestational exposure to air pollution adversely affects pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight in preform birth. In this study, we evaluated the effect of air pollutants on LBW (low birth weight) on firstborn fetus throughout the gestational period using the birth cohort between 1999 and 2003 in Seoul. Using birth cohort data from the National Statistics Office of Korea we identified 288,346 firstborn births (excluded missing data on lack of information for birth weight and discordance between residential and certificated address from a total of 316,451) during 1999 to 2003 with complete covariate (gender, parity, date of birth, gestational age, parental age and educational level, maternal occupation etc.) and maternal residential history data. Our subjects were defined as more than 37 weeks and less than 44 weeks of completed gestation and we identified 5,457 persons (1.89%) by low birth weight (<2.5 kg) in this study. Using logistic regression, we estimated the risk of mean (entire pregnancy and trimester period) air pollution concentrations for CO, $O_3,\;PM_{10},\;NO_2\;and\;SO_2$. In terms of trimester-specific exposure, we found that some air pollutants exposure in each trimester would increase the risk for LBW. Results also showed that the effect size of air pollutants exposure during the first and third trimester is higher than during the second trimester. In all trimester, the estimated risk of LBW was 1.831 (95% CI=1.573-2.132) with unit increase for CO, 1.139 (95% CI=1.107-1.172) for 50, and 1.009 (95% CI=1.001-1.017) for $O_3$. Our results suggest that exposure during the gestation period to relatively low levels of some air pollutants may be associated with a reduction in birth weight on first-born fetus. These findings implicate the effective risk management strategies should be applied to minimize the public health impacts for pregnant women.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1785-1793
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• 2008

Fifty-four PIC barrows were used to evaluate the effects of lower dietary lysine content and energy level on carcass characteristics and meat quality in slaughter pigs. Pigs were allotted to one of three treatments by body weight with six replicate pens in each treatment. The dietary treatments for body weights of 20-50 kg, 50-80 kg and 80-90 kg were as follows, respectively: control diet (digestible energy 14.22 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.67 g/MJ, 0.53 g/MJ and 0.42 g/MJ); a low lysine group (digestible energy 14.22 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.49, 0.38 and 0.30 g/MJ); and a low lysine-low energy group or low nutrient group (digestible energy 13.11 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.49, 0.38 and 0.30 g/MJ). The daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency were calculated in the overall growth period (nearly 12 weeks). Meanwhile, carcass characteristics and meat quality were evaluated at 60 and 90 kg body weight respectively. During the overall growth trial, lowering dietary lysine and nutrient level both decreased weight gain (p<0.05) and feed efficiency (p<0.01). At 60 kg body weight, decreasing dietary lysine and nutrient level noticeably decreased dressing percentage (p<0.01) and back fat depth at last rib of PIC pigs (p<0.01), but enhanced marbling scores (p<0.10), intramuscular fat content (p<0.10) and water loss rate (p<0.01) of the longissimus dorsi muscle. At 90 kg body weight, lean percentage (p<0.01) was evidently reduced by both lowering lysine content and nutrient level in the diet. However, the shoulder back fat depth (p<0.05) and marbling scores of the loin eye muscle (p<0.05) were increased; Lowering dietary nutrient level could improve back fat depth of 10th rib (p<0.01) and last rib (p<0.01), intramuscular fat content (p<0.10), redness (p<0.01) and water loss rate of the loin eye muscle (p<0.05), but decrease loin area (p<0.05). Finally, when comparing the 60 kg and 90 kg slaughter weights, it was found that the shoulder back fat depth (p<0.01, p<0.10), 6th-7th rib (p<0.01, p<0.01), 10th-rib (p<0.01, p<0.01) and last rib back fat depth (p<0.01, p<0.01) of the low lysine and low nutrient group were all obviously increased comparing with the control group. Taken together, the results showed that decreasing dietary lysine content and nutrient level increased intramuscular fat content and water loss rate of longissimus dorsi muscle; On the other hand, both lowering dietary lysine and nutrient level markedly compensated to increase back fat deposition in the later finishing period (body weight from 60 to 90 kg) in contrast to the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

Objectives: We examined the relationships between the body mass index, body weight perception, and depressed mood in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents. Methods: We analyzed the data from the 2013 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and evaluated the relationships between the body mass index, body weight perception, and depressed mood by gender (36655 boys and 35780 girls). Results: For boys, a low body mass index and perceiving oneself as underweight were related to depressed mood. For girls, both low and high body mass indices were negatively related to depressed mood. In addition, self-perceptions of being underweight or overweight were positively related to depressed mood. Body weight perception was not a significant mediator in the relationship between body mass index and depressed mood. Conclusion: These results suggest that both body mass index and body weight perception significantly contribute to Korean adolescents' depressed mood. Thus, research and clinical attention needs to be given to underweight as well as overweight adolescents, because those who perceive their weight as not normal are at risk for depression.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.130-140
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• 2018

In the bio-synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB), which is a kind of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)(PHA), aimed to control the low molecular weight of PHB and obtain a telechelic PHB. As a result of incubation of R. eutropha at $30^{\circ}C$ with ethylene glycol added as a chain transfer agent, PHB content on the dry cell weight increased up to 24h, however, it decreased after that, and the molecular weight of PHB increased from 9h to 12h, and then, decreased up to 72h. The decrease of the content and the molecular weight of PHB indicates that PHB was decomposed as an energy source in bacterial cells and was incorporated into metabolic pathways. $^1H-NMR$ of the obtained PHB after incubation for 72h was measured to determine the terminal groups of the PHB during incubation. As the results of $^1H-NMR$ measurement, the peaks derived from ethylene glycol in both terminals of PHB were observed. Which indicate that the terminal reaction was caused by the addition of ethylene glycol, and that telechelic PHB having hydroxyl group at the both terminals where molecular weight was controlled was successfully synthesized.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2009

he purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body weight and body image perception on body image satisfaction of female junior high school students in Seoul. We further examined if body image satisfaction was related to obesity stress, weight control attitudes. From the 327 students surveyed, 6.1% were overweight and 38.8% of subjects were underweight. Over half of the subjects (54.4%) considered themselves to be more fat than their actual body shape. This manifested itself in low body satisfaction. Subjects less satisfied with their body shape suffered from high stress about obesity, were much more interested in weight control programs, and had more experience in weight control attempts. Among the subjects with low body image satisfaction, 25.7 % of them had eating disorder. It is our suggestion that school curriculum should include proper nutritional programmes to help students correctly recognize their body shape and to maintain healthy weight.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1972-1980
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• 2015

이 연구의 목적은 한국에서 2011년 3월 9일 부터 2013년 4월 3일 사이에 수행된 스마트케어 비만 관리 시범사업의 효과를 분석하는 것이었다. 연구에 등록된 212명 참여자 중에서 6개월 동안의 스마트케어 서비스 기간이 종료되는 시점까지 자가 체중 측정을 모두 완료한 147명을 최종 분석 대상자로 하였다. 평가를 위한 자가 측정 그룹은 6개월 기간의 월 평균자가 측정 빈도를 균등하게 나누어 3그룹(Low, Middle, High)으로 분류를 하였으며 평가 대상 지표는 스마트케어 시스템으로 전송된 체중과 BMI(Body Mass Index)로 하였다. 체중과 BMI의 월별 평균은 High 그룹이 Middle 과 Low 그룹보다 더 많이 감소하였으며(M5: High>Middle>Low) 통계적으로도 유의하게 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다 (p< 0.05). 결론적으로, 체중과 BMI의 개선 효과 분석은 자가 측정 빈도 수준이 높을 때 더 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 Fervidobacterium islandicum AW-1를 이용하여 극성 저분자 케라틴 펩타이드를 생산하고, 피부 탄력과 관련한 인자를 확인하여, 화장품 원료로서 극성 저분자 케라틴 펩타이드의 가능성을 확인하였다. 인체섬유아세포에 극성 저분자 케라틴 펩타이드를 농도에 따라 세포독성 및 콜라겐 합성능을 확인한 결과, 세포 독성은 나타나지 않았고, 인체섬유아세포 내 콜라겐 합성을 증가시키는 것을 확인하였다. 극성 저분자 케라틴 펩타이드를 함유한 마스크팩을 만들어, 22 명의 건강한 성인 피험자를 대상으로 4 주 동안 시험제품을 사용한 결과, 피부 탄력 및 피부 비틀림 탄력 개선, 수분량 증가, 피부색 개선에서 통계적으로 유의한 효과를 나타냈다. 이를 통해 극성 저분자 케라틴 펩타이드는 피부 탄력 개선에 도움을 주는 화장품 원료로 사용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.