• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.205-208
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 서로 다른 터치스크린용 실버페이스트를 본딩 방식으로 ITO 필름(ITO : Indium Tin Oxide film)위에 전도성 패턴을 형성하고 5장씩 본딩하여 건조 하였다. 여기서 건조 조건은 ITO 필름( ITO film)이 산화가 발생하지 않는 조건 이다. 신뢰성 테스트는 열 충격테스트와 고온 고습테스트를 진행한다. 각 테스트는 5장씩의 전도성 패턴 본딩상태를 확인한다. 전도성 패턴본딩을 각 240, 480, 615 시간 마다 상태를 확인하였다. 이러한 신뢰성 테스트 통해 서로 다른 실버페이스트의 접착력, 전도성의 변화 등을 알 수 있으므로 품질 저하를 막을 수 있다. 그리고 저온경화 실버페이스트는 표면에 변색이 빨리 올 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 다공질 실리콘층을 감습재료로 사용한 메사 구조를 갖는 정전용량형 습도센서를 제작하고 그 특성을 평가하였다. 센서의 구조적 특징은 기존의 웨이퍼 상하에 전극을 배치한 구조와 달리, 두 전극의 위치를 시료의 상부에 두도록 함으로서 집적화를 용이하게 할 뿐만 아니라, 하부 기판과 다른 접합영역으로부터 발생하는 정전용량의 영향을 차단하여 출력신호의 신뢰성을 개선하였다. 이를 위해 산화 다공질 실리콘의 형성과 빠른 에칭특성을 이용하여 메사 구조를 만들고, 다공질 실리콘층의 선택적 형성과 감광막을 마스크막으로 이용하여 다공질 실리콘층을 국부적으로 형성하였다. 그리고 완성된 시료에 대해 상온에서 55 - 90% 이상의 상대 습도 범위에서 감습특성을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 습도가 증가했을 때 측정된 정전용량은 전체적으로 단조 증가하였으며, 120 Hz의 저주파수에서 측정했을 때 정전용량이 300%이상 증가하는 높은 변화를 보였다

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2010

As the environmental regulation of vehicle emission is strengthened, investigations for $NO_x$ and PM reduction strategies are popularly conducted. Two current available technologies for continuous $NO_x$ reduction onboard diesel vehicles are Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) using aqueous urea and lean $NO_x$ trap (LNT) catalysts. The experiments were conducted to investigate the $NO_x$ reduction performance of SCR system which can control the ratio of $NO/NO_2$, temperature and SV(space velocity), and the model gas was used which is similar to a diesel exhaust gas. The maximum reduction efficiency is indicated when the $NO:NO_2$ ratio is 1:1 and the SV is 30,000 $h^{-1}$ in $300^{\circ}C$. Generally, ammonia slip from SCR reactors are rooted to incomplete conversion of $NH_3$ over the SCR. In this research, slip was occurred in 6cases (except low SV and $NO:NO_2$ ratio is 1:1) after SCR. Among 6 case of slip occurrence, the maximum conversion efficiency is observed when SV is 60,000 $h^{-1}$ in $400^{\circ}C$.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2010

Recently, as the function of largest supplier of biomass for "low carbon green growth", the necessity for systematic management of afforestation areas is emphasizing. The forestation of seedling, besides the afforestation cost itself, is required some additional follow-up management costs, like mowing and fertilizing of forestation area, and removal of bindweed. The mulching mat for afforestation seedlings is available for rooting of little seedlings as well as initial forestation expenses. Mulching technique is also used to control soil temperature and moisture by covering the surface of ground. In this study, the paper based-mulching film coated with biodegradable polymer and functional additive was specially produced using laboratory bar coater, and analyzed for its degradable behavior. Coating colors were prepared by dissolving PE (polyester) 80 % and PLA(polylactic acid) 20 % in chloroform and finally applied to handsheet prepared by preceding study conditions. Base paper and polymer-coated paper were artificially aged by 2 kinds of degradation methods, which are soil degradation by microorganism and light degradation by 257 nm UV wavelengths. Strength property, oxidation index and morphological property were evaluated by reduction rates of tensile strength, FTIR spectra ratio of carboxyl and carbonyl group and SEM micrograph. As these results, polymer coated-paper was superior to base paper in degradation behaviors, having results with lower reduction rate of strength properties.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 1995

The activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the cerebrum, cerebellum, striatum, and medulla oblongata was examined and mitochondrial matrix ALDH was purified prior to immunohistochemical study on the localization of ALDH isozymes in pig brain. Relatively high enzyme activity was found in the striatum and medulla oblongata when using indole-3-acetaldehyde as substrate, and in the striatum when using 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL). The main part of mitochondrial ALDH activities with both acetaldehyde and DOPAL existed in the matrix fraction. The ratio of activity of the matrix to the membrane fraction in the cerebrum was higher than in the cerebellum, suggesting that the distribution pattern of ALDH isozymes was different according to the brain regions. The 276-fold purified mitochondrial matrix ALDH from pig brain was identified to be homologous tetramers with 53 KD subunits. The enzyme showed maximal activity at pH 9.0 and was stable in the temperature range from $25^{\circ}C$ to $37^{\circ}C$. The mitochondrial matrix ALDH activity was considerably inhibited by acetaldehyde in vitro. The $K_m$ values of the enzyme for acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde were 5.8 mM and 4.9 mM, respectively, whereas $K_m$ values for indole-3-acetaldehyde and DOPAL were 44 ${\mu}M$ and 1.6 ${\mu}M$, respectively. The $V_{max}/K_{m}$ ratio was the highest with DOPAL as compared with other substrates. These results suggested that mitochondrial matrix ALDH in the present work might be a low Km isozyme involved in biogenic aldehyde oxidation in pig brain.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 1998

The reaction bonded alumina ceramics with reinforced particles which have low shrinkage were pro-duced by blending of SiC or TiC or ZrO2 powders to the mixture of Al metal and Al2O3 powder. The powd-ers were attrition milled isostantically pressed and preheated tio 110$0^{\circ}C$ with a heating rate of $1.5^{\circ}C$/min The specimens were then sintered at the temperature range 1500 to 1$600^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours with a heating rate of 5$^{\circ}C$/min. The specimens showed 5-9% weight gain and 2-9% dimensional expansion through the complete oxidation of Al after preheating up to 11--$^{\circ}C$ the overall dimensional change of the specimens after the reaction sintering at 1500-1$600^{\circ}C$ was 6-12% The maximum densities were 92% theoretical. The fine grain-ed(average grain size :0.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) microstructure were observed in the specimen with ZrO2 and SiC. But the microstructure of specimen with TiC was relatively coarse.(average grain size : 2.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) The mullite phase was formed by the reaction of Al2O3 and SiO2 in a specimen with SiC. In the TiC contained specimen TiC was oxidized into TiO2 and finally reacted with Al2O3 to form Al2TiO5 during sintering.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.473-479
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 천연가스 70%, 수소 30%의 조성비를 가진 HCNG연료와 천연가스를 각각 대형천연가스엔진에 공급하여 실험을 수행하였다. 고압축비의 수소-천연가스(HCNG)엔진의 배기특성을 살펴보기 위하여 부분부하조건에서 공기과잉률 변화에 따른 각 연료의 배출가스를 분석하였다. 실험결과 압축비가 증가함에 따라 열효율이 향상되었으며 그로인해 $CO_2$ 배출량은 감소하였다. 낮은 배기가스온도에 의하여 산화가 활발히 이루어지 못해 CO의 배출량이 증가하였다. 동일한 공기과잉률에서 압축비가 증가하면 $NO_x$의 배출량이 증가하였다. 하지만 ${\lambda}$=1.9이상의 영역에서는 MBT 점화시기가 동일해지기 때문에 압축비의 영향을 받지 않았다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.105-117
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• 1996

The Baegjeon Au-Ag and Sb deposits, small of disseminated-type gold deposits are formed as a result of epithermal processes associated a shallow-seated Cretaceous Yeogdun granitoids intrusion. The orebodies are formed by the replacement of carbonate minerals in thin-bedded oolitic limestone beds favorable for mineralization within the upper-most Cambrian Pungchon Limestone Formation. The mineralization can be recognized one stage, ore minerals composed of base metal sulfides, electrum, AgSb-S, Ag-Cu-S, and Sb-S minerals. Gold-bearing minerals consist of electrum and submicroscopic invisible gold in pyrite and arsenopyrite. The composition of electrums ranges from 33.58 to 63.48 atomic % Ag. Fluid inclusion studies reveal that ore fluids were low saline $NaCl-CO_2-H_2O$ system. Temporary fluid mixing and boiling occured in later stage. Fluid inclusion data indicates the homogenization temperatures and salinities of NaCl eqivalent wt% were 176 to $246^{\circ}C$ and from 0.0 to 4.8 wt%, respectively. And $-logfs_2$, of mineralization obtained by thermodynamic considerations as 12.4 to 13.8 atm. The ${\delta}^{34}S_{H_2S}$, values of hydrothermal sulfides were calculated to be 6.8 to 10.2‰ which was of sedimentary origin. The ${\delta}^{18}O_{H_2O}$ and ${\delta}^{13}C_{CO_2}$, range from -3.9 to 9.6‰, from -1.1 to -2.2‰, and ${\delta}D$ range from -89 to -118‰, respectively. The Au deposition during mineralization seems to have occurred as a result of decrease of temperature, $fs_2$, $fo_2$, and pH probably due to oxidation by meteoric water mixing, which destabilized original $Au(HS)^-{_2}$. The mineralization of the Baegjeon deposits is similar to the Carlin-type deposits characterized by sediments-hosted epithermal bedding replacement disseminated gold deposits.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2010

Fuel processing systems which convert fuel into rich gas (such as stream reforming, partial oxidation, autothermal reforming) need high temperature environment ($600{\sim}1,000^{\circ}$). Generally, anode-off gas or mixture of anode-off gas and LNG is used as input gas of fuel reformer. In order to make efficient and low emission burner system for fuel reformer, it is necessary to elucidate the combustion and emission characteristic of fuel reformer burner. The purpose of this study is to develop a porous premixed flat ceramic burner that can be used for 1~5 kW fuel cell reformer. Ceramic burner experiments using natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas, mixture of natural gas & anode off gas were carried out respectively to investigate the flame characteristics by heating capacity and equivalence ratio. Results show that the stable flat flames can be established for natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas and mixture of natural gas & anode off gas as reformer fuel in the porous ceramic burner. For all of fuels, their burning velocities become smaller as the equivalence ratio goes to the lean mixture ratio, and a lift-off occurs at lean limit. Flame length in hydrogen and anode off gas became longer with increasing the heat capacity. In particular, the blue surface flame is found to be very stable at a very lean equivalence ratio at heat capacity and different fuels. The exhausted NOx and CO measurement shows that the blue surface flame represents the lowest NOx and CO emissions since it remains very stable at a lean equivalence ratio.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2003

For gaseous fuel combustion with inherent $CO_2$ capture and low NOx emission, chemical-looping combustion may yield great advantages for the savings of energy to $CO_2$ separation and suppressing the effect on environment, In chemical-looping combustor, fuel is oxidized by metal oxide medium in a reduction reactor. Reduced particles are transported to oxidation reactor and oxidized by air and recycled to reduction reactor. The fuel and the air are never mixed, and the gases from reduction reactor, $CO_2$ and $H_2O$, leave the system as separate stream. The $H_2O$ can be easily separated by condensation and pure $CO_2$ is obtained without any loss of energy for separation. In this study, five oxygen carrier particles such as NiO/bentonite, NiO/YSZ, $(NiO+Fe_2O_3)VYSZ$, $NiO/NiAl_2O_4$, and $Co_{\chi}O_y/CoAl_2O_4$ were examined &om the viewpoints of reaction kinetics, oxygen transfer capacity, and carbon deposition characteristics. Among five oxygen particles, NiO/YSZ particle is superior in reaction rate, oxygen carrier capacity, and carbon deposition to other particles. However, at high temperature ($>900^{\circ}C$), NiO/bentonite particle also shows enough reactivity and oxygen carrier capacity to be applied in a practical system.