• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.314-321
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• 2024

Low road lighting is a lighting device that complements the shortcomings of existing pillar-type street lights. It is a lighting device that emits light from the side of the road surface and adjusts the luminance of the road surface like a light carpet. In this paper, to achieve full commercialization, we analyzed the luminance of the installed road surface and studied whether lighting could replace existing road lighting. In this study, the LMK (Luminance Measurement Camera) LABSOFT program was used to measure and analyze the surface luminance of road lighting, and the RELUX program was used to evaluate and analyze the simulation performance to determine light-based lighting conditions. A study was conducted to determine whether replacing pillar-type road lighting with low-level road lighting in a real environment would ensure comfortable and safe night vision for drivers at night.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.125-131
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• 2012

PURPOSES : Road lighting facilities increase the visibility of road at night in order to improve traffic driver safety and comfort. Generally speaking, current pole lighting has a tendency to create problems of glare and flicker. The phenomenon of glare gives discomfort due to increase of scattered light, when high luminance is in driver's field of view. The phenomenon of flicker occurs due to the driver passing through discontinuous pockets of pole lighting areas. These phenomenon increase eye strain and decrease driver safety. METHODS : Low height line lighting that distributes light lower than driver's eye level has been developed and evaluated to reduce the problems linked to current pole lighting. A test was undertaken with 4 conditions(turn on the general pole lighting, turn off alternate pole lighting, turn on the line lighting and line lighting with 50% dimming). A driver written survey was conducted in order to gain driver feedback. RESULTS : Pupil size and brow frequency compared with degree in pole lighting are reduced. CONCLUSIONS : Low height line lighting environment makes drivers more comfortable than pole lighting environment and is positive lighting method in the energy saving and landscape aspect.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

This study is intended to propose the environment friendly lighting which can be excluded the element of obtrusive light(glare, spill light) and to make the sight environment of the external and internal road more comfortable as newly approaching the lower positioned lighting from the current high pole lighting. Taking account of the current situation of putting the stress on the road sight scene. It is proposed the study focused on the aesthetic design for playing a role of scenery. For this, it is searched used situation of the low light at interior of the country and abroad and tried to find the improvement. Also it is tried find out how to raise the effectiveness. And throughout the site inspection and the data searching about the road facility of a road to be installed the low height lighting, it is suggested the standard of the lighting installation and the direction for the future on the light design and development of the low height lighting which is suitable for the domestic situation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.8-16
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• 2008

We studied drivers sight and physical status change by setup type of road lighting system. Influences on drivers emotional and motional change of lighting condition was investigated and function of road lighting setup position at night was analysed. Specially we analyzed influences of line type low hight lighting have influence on driver sight.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

To find an appropriate illuminance range for the disability glare caused by the road lighting system installed on guardrails, the influence of the disability glare was evaluated in comparison with the road lighting system of a streetlight. To test the disability glare, an indoor laboratory was constructed and a variation of luminance contrast threshold was evaluated. As a result, when the retinal illuminance was increased and glare sources existed within the narrow visual field, the luminance contrast threshold was increased. Although the road lighting luminaire was installed as low as the height of the guardrail on the road, when out of sight, the influence of the disability glare was small in comparison with the conventional road lighting system such as a streetlight.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.273-280
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• 2017

In this paper, a freeform reflector is designed for low road lighting. In the case of low road lighting, which requires light distribution over a wide lane compared to the height, it is difficult to match uniformity, compared to existing road lighting. To satisfy road lighting grade M3, the reflector was divided into nine parts, and the inclination of the reflecting surface was changed to have the desired light distribution. The fitted curves were drawn based on each point, following the formula that was derived. Through the Street Light Simulation of LightTools, we confirmed that it meets the M3 road lighting standard; we then made it directly and satisfied the lighting grade on an actual road, proving the validity of the design result.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.185-201
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• 2018

Road lighting is highly preferred as the major nighttime road safety countermeasures. When it comes to the pole-type road lighting, as it's installed at a certain height from the road surface, the driver is dazzled by the light source, interrupting the driver's visibility and furthermore, the light leaks to the area outside the road boundary, worsening the energy efficiency as well as generating the light pollution to the surrounding environment including the animals and plants. The study developed the low-level lighting systems, so it is possible to prevent the lights from being strayed, so there is no any side effects in terms of the sleep deprivation. The study compared the performance as the lightings between low-level lightings and conventional pole based lighting systems. As the results, the low-level lighting systems showed the higher performance in terms of average surface luminance, uniformity, glare compared to the conventional lighting systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.408-413
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• 2015

Road lighting has emerged in importance as an essential system to secure safety and visibility for drivers and pedestrians. According to the Road Lighting Standards (KS A 3701), the luminance uniformity (U0) should be 0.4, the luminance uniformity for lanes (UI) should be 0.5, and a threshold increment (TI) of 10% should be satisfied. In this study, we conducted simulations using the Relux program in which the secondary optical lens was applied to a 21 W engine. Ten LED engines were installed on a two-way four-lane road, and the simulation result satisfied the requirements with U0 0.47, UI 0.63 and TI 8%. The U0, UI, and TI were compared with the angle of the LED streetlight varied in the range of $9^{\circ}{\sim}15^{\circ}$ with $0.5^{\circ}$ intervals. The range was selected as ${\pm}25%$ of the standard inclination angle of $12^{\circ}$ according to the Road Lighting Standard. The U0 was high and the UI and TI were low when the tilting angle was in the range of $9.5^{\circ}{\sim}10.5^{\circ}$. Consequently, an optimum-design of lighting distribution was obtained for the concrete two-way four-lane road when the inclination angle was $9^{\circ}$.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.111-120
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• 2012

PURPOSES : This study is to suggest suitable lighting facility installation plans by finding out driver's preference for combination of lighting facility installation among landscape factors that affect driver visibility in tunnels. METHODS : SD method is used to extract emotional factors that affect drivers' preference, Components of tunnel lighting facility installation are evaluated through conjoint analysis and it suggested relative importance of attributes and utility values. RESULTS : In the aspects of satisfaction levels of components of tunnel lighting facility installation, Tunnel side, two lows, and solid line arrangement type has the highest level of satisfaction. Extract emotional factors that affect drivers' preference are "safety", "openness" and "amenity." In addition, the result of analyzing relative importance of attributes of tunnel lighting facility shows that numbers of lighting array has the highest importance and lighting facility arrangement has the lowest importance. Result of analyzing partial utility shows that the 2 low type among number of lows, the solid line arrangement type between arrangement types, placing in the middle part among lighting facility arrangement were highly preferred. CONCLUSIONS : In the case of lighting numbers, utility values of the first line and the second line showed us a big difference. Increasing the number arrays in the future reformation of lighting facility installation combination will be effective in enhancing the utility of the driver.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.145-151
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• 2018

While commercialization of IoT technologies in the safety management sector is being promoted in terms of industrial safety of large indoor businesses, implementing a system for risk management of small outdoor work sites with frequent site movements is not actively implemented. In this paper, we propose an efficient dynamic workload balancing strategy which combined low-power, wide-bandwidth (LPWA) communication and low-power Bluetooth (BLE) communication technologies to support customized risk management alarm systems for each individual (driver/operator/manager). This study was designed to enable long-term low-power collection and transmission of traffic information in outdoor environment, as well as to implement an integrated real-time safety management system that notifies a whole field worker who does not carry a separate smart device in advance. Performance assessments of the system, including risk alerts to drivers and workers via Bluetooth communication, the speed at which critical text messages are received, and the operation of warning/lighting lamps are all well suited to field application.