• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.92-96
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• 2015

Due to unique characteristics of small construction companies, safety management is comprised of complex problems (e.g., resources constraints, a lack of formalized management structures, low level of management safety commitment etc.). In order to understand causal interdependencies between safety factors at different system levels (regulation, organization, technical and individual), this paper aims to develop a system dynamics (SD) model of safety management in small construction companies. The purpose of the SD model is to better understand why small construction companies have low level of safety performance. A causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed based on literature, with an attempt to map causal relationships between variables. The CLD was then converted into stock and flow diagram for simulation. Various tests were conducted to build confidence in the model's ability to represent the reality. A number of policies were analyzed by changing the value of parameters. The value of a system dynamics approach to safety management in small construction companies is its ability to address joint effects of multiple safety risk factors on safety performance with a systems thinking perspective. By taking into account feedback loops and non-linear relationships, such a system dynamics model provides insights into the complex causes of relatively poor safety performance of small construction companies and improvement strategies.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.414-420
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• 2010

This study examines the combined effects of caloric restriction on body composition, blood lipid, and satiety in slightly overweight women by varying food density and aerobic exercise. Twenty-three women were randomly assigned to one of two groups for a four-week weight management program: the high-energy density diet plus exercise (HDE: n = 12, $22{\pm}2$ yrs, $65{\pm}7$ kg, $164{\pm}5$ cm, $35{\pm}4%$ fat) and low-energy density diet plus exercise (LDE: n = 11, $22{\pm}1$ yrs, $67{\pm}7$ kg, $161{\pm}2$ cm, $35{\pm}4%$ fat) groups. Subjects maintained a low-calorie diet (1,500 kcal/day) during the program. Isocaloric ($483{\pm}26$ for HDE, $487{\pm}27$ kcal for LDE) but different weight ($365{\pm}68$ for HDE, $814{\pm}202$ g for LDE) of lunch was provided. After lunch, they biked at 60% of maximum capacity for 40 minutes, five times per week. The hunger level was scaled (1: extremely hungry; 9: extremely full) at 17:30 each day. Before and after the program, the subjects' physical characteristics were measured, and fasting blood samples were drawn. The daily energy intake was $1,551{\pm}259$ for HDE and $1,404{\pm}150$ kcal for LDE (P > 0.05). After four weeks, the subjects' weights and % fat decreased for both LDE (-1.9 kg and -1.5%, P < 0.05) and HDE (-1.6 kg and -1.4%, respectively, P < 0.05). The hunger level was significantly higher for HDE ($2.46{\pm}0.28$) than for LDE ($3.10{\pm}0.26$) (P < 0.05). The results suggest that a low-energy density diet is more likely to be tolerated than a high-energy density diet for a weight management program combining a low-calorie diet and exercise, mainly because of a reduced hunger sensation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose an efficient session management scheme for low-latency communications in 5G systems. The main idea of the proposed scheme is to prevent unnecessary reattempt signalling overhead when the session establishment for low-latency communications fails. Also, this method avoids network resource waste and battery drain of mobile devices. If a UE(User Equipment) fails to establish an Always-on PDU session for low-latency communications with the 5G systems because of network failure or resource unavailability, the proposed method prevents the UE's re-establishment of the Always-on PDU session by the specific information in the NAS(Non-Stratum) message from the 5G systems. Through simulation, we show that the proposed efficient session management scheme (ESMS) minimizes unnecessary signalling overhead and improves battery efficiency of mobile devices compared to existing legacy mechanism in 5G systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2006

Air transportation industry becomes more competitive because that the restrictions on new access to market were eased and related enough for each airline to choose the freight rate and the route without rein. New competitors are pursuing convergence strategy which focuses on low freight rate as a niche strategy for increasing market share by stimulating low cost demand. This strategy is now spreading all over the world such places as Europe, Asia, Oceania and etc. As of December 1, 2004, hundreds of low cost carriers are participating actively in the market and finding their level as a new strategic group in the air transportation industry with expanding their market. In case of USA, however, many airlines, which had newly entered to the market, went into bankruptcy in the mid-1980s. People Express in USA established in 1980 is one of the examples of failure. In case of Japan, Hokkaido International Airline, a typical low cost carrier which established in 1997, filed for bankruptcy. This study is for examining the strategic implication closely through the study on management strategy and cases of failure of low cost carriers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.187-196
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• 2020

We tried to do research on main views(risk and knowledge-based) and propose user knowledge as a factor to be managed in order to strengthen the performance. This study empirically analyzed the user-related and project management risk that affect the IT project performance, and verified user knowledge as a moderating variable. The survey was conducted for respondents who have experience on IT Project of public sector and data were analyzed by Smart PLS 3.0. The results show that low user-related and project management risks have a positive effect on performance. In addition, user knowledge has been shown to enhance the impact of two risks on performance. These findings are meaningful in that they emphasize the importance of user knowledge in public-sector IT projects, as well as the repeated verification of integrated research results.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1999

Human Carcinogenic Potency (HCP) can be estimated based on human daily exposure dose to carcinogen (Dh), body weight (Wh), 10% tumorigenic dose (TD10), and slope factor at TD10 (Q10) from 2-yr bioassay data. This approach is more relevant to humans generally exposed to low doses of carcinogens and can reduce more of extrapolation errors from high dose in animal experiments to low dose in humans than HERP (human exposure dose/rodent potency dose) proposed by Ames et al. (Science, 236, 271-280, 1987). TD50 and HERP have been routinely used to compare rodent carcinogenic potency and human carcinogenic potency, but those approaches have had limitations in extrapolation of high dose to low dose in humans. The advantages of HCP are to estimate human exposure dose (Dh) by human monitoring instead of environmental monitoring, to consider slope factor (Q10) which reflects the tendency of curve at low dose, and to use TD10 which represents much lower dose thant TD50 or HERP. HCP will be a useful parameter for the estimation of human carcinogenic potency in risk assessment and management of carcinogens.

• IE interfaces
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.252-262
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• 2009

It is crucial to prevent low yields in the semiconductor industry. Since many factors affect variation in yield and they are deeply related, preventing low yield is difficult. There have been substantial researches in the field of yield prediction. Many researchers had used the statistical methods. Many studies have shown that artificial neural network (ANN) achieved better performance than traditional statistical methods. However, despite ANN's superior performance some problems such as over-fitting and poor explanatory power arise. In order to overcome these limitations, a relatively new machine learning technique, support vector machine (SVM), is introduced to classify the yield. SVM is simple enough to be analyzed mathematically, and it leads to high performances in practical applications. This study presents a new efficient classification methodology, Stepwise-SVM (SSVM), for detecting high and low yields. SSVM is step-by-step adjustment of parameters to be precisely the classification for actual high and low yield lot. The objective of this paper is to examine the feasibility of SVM and SSVM in the yield classification. The experimental results show that SVM and SSVM provides a promising alternative to yield classification for the field data.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2020

Objectives: In this paper, we propose the ethical education direction by analyzing the personal information recognition and practice of music therapists. Methods: For the analyses, we selected 60 music therapists who answered a questionnaire from members of K Music Therapy Association, and analyzed task recognition and practice ask performance using IPA method. Results: In the IPA table, the areas of high recognition and practice (1) are the areas of personal information protection information management. In the IPA table, the areas of low awareness and high practice (2) are areas of privacy communication for those who have completed ethics education. In the IPA table, the areas of low awareness and low practice (3) are areas of privacy communication when ethics education is not completed. In the IPA table, areas of high awareness and low levels of practice (4) are areas of privacy protection. Conclusions: Continuing education should be provided to improve the curriculum on the protection of personal information for music therapists, thereby raising the awareness and practice of privacy.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.352-360
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• 2012

This paper proposes a low-cost, low-power, and high-capacity optical-electrical-optical-type reach extender that can provide 3R frame regeneration and remote management to increase the reach and split ratio with no change to a legacy time division multiple access passive optical network. To provide remote management, the extender gathers information regarding optical transceivers and link status per port and then transmits to a service provider using a simple network management protocol agent. The extender can also apply to an Ethernet passive optical network (E-PON) or a gigabit-capable PON (G-PON) by remote control. In a G-PON, in particular, it can provide burst mode signal retiming and burst-to-continuous mode conversion at the upstream path through a G-PON transmission convergence frame adaptor. Our proposed reach extender is based on the quad-port architecture for cost-effective design and can accommodate both the physical reach of 60 km and the 512 split ratios in a G-PON and the physical reach of 80 km and the 256 split ratios in an E-PON.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.332-336
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• 1991

Network management is responsible for gathering information on the usage of the network media by the network devices, ensuring the correct operation of the network, and providing reports. MAP network management must provide the high reliability of the media and signaling method, even in very harsh environments, providing a very low bit error rate and minimum number of retransmission. In this paper, we analysed the framework of OSI management and MAP network management and discussed the implementation method of fault management and remote management mechanism in the Mini-MAP controller developed for IBM-PC.