• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2008

목적 : 배뇨성 방광요도 조영술은 초회 열성 요로감염이 있는 환아에게서 선천성 신장 질환이나 동반된 방광요관 역류를 확인하기 위해 시행한다. 그러나 이 시술은 요로 감염에서 방광 천공까지 다양한 합병증 등이 초래될 수 있으므로 본 연구는 배뇨성 방광요도 조영술 이외에 방광요관 역류의 존재를 예측할 수 있는 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1998년 5월부터 2005년 11월까지 약 7년간 전북대학교 병원 소아청소년과에 입원하여 소변 배양 검사상 확진된 요로 감염 환아를 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 각각의 환아들에게서 연령, 성별, 발열, 위장관 증상, 뇨 검사 및 뇨 배양, 말초혈액 백혈구수, ESR, CRP, BUN, 혈청 creatinine과 요로계 초음파 및 DMSA 신스캔 결과와 방관요관 역류의 정도를 표준화된 형식을 통해 기록하였다. 결과 : 총 410명의 환아 중, 방광요관 역류가 없는 그룹은 273명이었고 역류가 있는 그룹은 137명 이었다. 방광요관 역류 존재 유무에 따른 두 그룹 간에는 발열, 농뇨, 말초백혈구수, ESR, CRP의 P 값이 0.001 이하의 의미있는 차이를 나타냈다. 그러나, 방광요관 역류 정도에 따른 비교분석 결과 방광요관 역류가 낮은 군(I-II)과 높은 군(III-V) 사이에는 농뇨, 발열, 말초백혈구수, C-반응단백(CRP) 등에서 의미있는 차이를 보이지 않았다(P<0.05). 역류의 유무에 따른 영상의학적 소견의 차이를 보면, 신장 초음파는 민감도 33%, 특이도 73%를 보였으며 DMSA 신스캔은 민감도 76%, 특이도 65%를 나타내었다. 또한 역류가 심할수록 신장 초음파와 DMSA 신스캔 모두 양성률이 높았다. 결론 : 초회 요로감염 환아 중 발열, 농뇨 및 높은 적혈구 침강속도, C-반응단백를 보이는 경우와 DMSA 신스캔상 이상 소견을 보이는 경우는 방광요관 역류가 있을 가능성이 높으므로, 이 경우에는 반드시 배뇨성 방광요도 조영술을 시행하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.1109-1119
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• 2018

In this paper, we report the development of a nondestructive prediction model for lean meat percentage (LMP) in Korean pig carcasses and in the major cuts using a machine vision technique. A popular vision system in the meat industry, the VCS2000 was installed in a modern Korean slaughterhouse, and the images of half carcasses were captured using three cameras from 175 selected pork carcasses (86 castrated males and 89 females). The imaged carcasses were divided into calibration (n=135) and validation (n=39) sets and a multilinear regression (MLR) analysis was utilized to develop the prediction equation from the calibration set. The efficiency of the prediction equation was then evaluated by an independent validation set. We found that the prediction equation - developed to estimate LMP in whole carcasses based on six variables - was characterized by a coefficient of determination ($R^2_v$) value of 0.77 (root-mean square error [RMSEV] of 2.12%). In addition, the predicted LMP values for the major cuts: ham, belly, and shoulder exhibited $R^2_v$ values${\geq}0.8$ (0.73 for loin parts) with low RMSEV values. However, lower accuracy ($R^2_v=0.67$) was achieved for tenderloin cuts. These results indicate that the LMP in Korean pig carcasses and major cuts can be predicted successfully using the VCS2000-based prediction equation developed here. The ultimate advantages of this technique are compatibility and speed, as the VCS2000 imaging system can be installed in any slaughterhouse with minor modifications to facilitate the on-line and real-time prediction of LMP in pig carcasses.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제34권
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• pp.73-82
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• 2022

목 적: 본 연구는 난소전위술을 시행한 가임기 여성의 자궁경부암 방사선치료 시 Halcyon^TM Fast kV CBCT를 사용하였을 때 난소에 미치는 흡수선량과 영상의 품질을 분석하여 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 인체모형 팬텀(Alderson Rando Phantom, USA)의 전산화단층촬영 영상에 측정에 필요한 자궁경부와 난소의 윤곽묘사(contouring)를 하였고, 해당 장기 단면에 광자극발광선량계(Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter, OSLD, InLight system, Landauer, USA)를 각각 3개씩 부착하였다. Truebeam^TM의 Pelvis mode(이하 TP)와 Halcyon^TM의 Pelvis mode(이하 HP) 그리고 Halcyon^TM의 Pelvis Fast mode(이하 HPF)에서 자궁경부와 난소에 들어가는 흡수선량을 측정하기 위해 촬영 범위를 17.5 cm와 12.5 cm로 촬영 범위를 축소한 영상을 촬영하였다. 총 10회의 누적선량을 합산하였고, 자궁경부암 치료 횟수인 23회의 값으로 치환하여 비교하였다. 또한 영상 장비 간의 CBCT 영상 품질을 비교하기 위해 Catphan 504 팬텀(The Phantom Laboratory, USA)을 이용하여 균일도(Uniformity), 저 대조도 가시(Low contrast visibility, LCV), 공간분해능(Spatial resolution), 기하학적 왜곡(Geometric Distortion)을 비교 분석하였다. 각각 3회 반복 측정하여 Doselab (Versions: 6.8, Mobius Medical Systems) 프로그램으로 분석 후 평균값을 구하였다. 결 과: CBCT에 의한 흡수선량을 OSLD로 측정한 결과 동일한 조건일 시 TP와 HP는 유의미한 결과를 얻지 못하였다. 가장 큰 감소 값을 보인 모드는 TP 대비 HPF였다. HPF는 17.5 cm의 촬영 범위에서 흡수선량이 TP보다 자궁경부가 약 39.82%, 난소에서 약 19.8% 감소 하였고, 12.5 cm 으로 촬영 범위를 축소할 경우 자궁경부는 34.2%, 난소 50.5%로 감소 시킬 수 있었다. 또한 위 실험에서 사용된 영상의 품질을 평가한 결과 Geometric Distortion 1mm 이내(SBRT 기준), Uniformity HU, LCV 2.0% 이내 Spatial Resolution 3 lp/mm 이상으로 장비사의 기준치를 준수하였다. 결 론: 본 실혐 결과에 따라 난소전위술을 시행한 가임기 여성의 방사선치료 시 CBCT로 인한 피폭선량을 낮추기 위해서는 Truebeam^TM 보다 다양한 조건을 선택 할 수 있는 Halcyon^TM이 유용할 것으로 평가 되며, 특히 낮은 mAs로도 영상의 품질을 유지하는 Halcyon^TM의 Fast kV CBCT를 권장한다. 다만 다른 치료 장비에서도 난소전위를 시행한 환자는 촬영 범위를 조정하는 것으로 저선량에 대한 추가적인 피폭 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

Lutetium-177 ($T_{1/2}=6.71day$) is an adequate radionuclide for therapy, which has both beta emission ($E_{max}=497keV$) for therapeutic effect and gamma emission (113 and 208 keV) for imaging. $^{177}Lu$ labeled ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP) and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraaminomethylenephosphonate (DOTMP) have been proposed as radiopharmaceuticals for bone pain palliation. In this study, we compared radiochemistry and biodistribution of $^{177}Lu$-EDTMP and $^{177}Lu$-DOTMP. EDTMP and DOTMP were synthesized, and 1 mg of each was labeled with $^{177}Lu$ at pH 7~8 with high efficiency (>98%). For comparative biodistribution studies, $^{177}Lu$-EDTMP or $^{177}Lu$-DOTMP were injected into ICR-mice through tail vein, and then biodistribution data were obtained as percentages of injected dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g). Urine excretions of both agents in mice were checked for 7 days. Rat images were also obtained after injection of $^{177}Lu$-EDTMP or $^{177}Lu$-DOTMP. $^{177}Lu$-DOTMP (100% at 1 min) showed faster labeling than $^{177}Lu$-EDTMP (100% at 30 min). Both of them were stable at least for 21 days at room temperature. High bone uptakes were found for both $^{177}Lu$-EDTMP and $^{177}Lu$-DOTMP: 38.0 and 34.1% ID/g at 3 hr, respectively; and 33.2 and 18.8% ID/g at 7 day, respectively. Rapid excretions to urine were found for both agents ($^{177}Lu$-EDTMP: 56%, $^{177}Lu$-DOTMP: 63% at 1 day). Other organs showed very low uptakes. Rat images of both $^{177}Lu$-EDTMP and $^{177}Lu$-DOTMP showed high bone uptakes and low soft tissue uptakes. In conclusion, both $^{177}Lu$-EDTMP and $^{177}Lu$-DOTMP showed high potential as bone pain palliation agents. $^{177}Lu$-EDTMP showed higher bone uptake and slower bone clearance in mice than those of $^{177}Lu$-DOTMP.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.47.1-47.1
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• 2018

The NISS (Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer for Star formation history) onboard NEXTSat-1 have successfully developed by KASI. The capability of both imaging and spectroscopy is a unique function of the NISS. At first, it have realized the low-resolution spectroscopy (R~20) with a wide field of view of $2{\times}2deg$. in a wide near-infrared range from 0.95 to $2.5{\mu}m$. The major scientific mission is to study the cosmic star formation history in local and distant universe. It will also demonstrate the space technologies related to the infrared spectro-photometry in space. Now, the NISS is ready to launch in late 2018. After the launch, the NISS will be operated during 2 years. As an extension of the NISS, the SPEHREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer) is the NASA MIDEX (Medium-class Explorer) mission proposed together with KASI (PI Institute: Caltech). It will perform the first all-sky infrared spectro-photometric survey to probe the origin of our Universe, to explore the origin and evolution of galaxies, and to explore whether planets around other stars could harbor life. Compared to the NISS, the SPHEREx is designed to have much more wide FoV of $3.5{\times}11.3deg$. as well as wide spectral range from 0.75 to $5.0{\mu}m$. After passing the first selection process, the SPHEREx is under the Phase-A study. The final selection will be made in the end of 2018. Here, we report the status of the NISS and SPHEREx missions.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.58.2-58.2
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• 2016

The NISS (Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer for Star formation history) onboard NEXTSat-1 is the near-infrared instrument optimized to the first small satellite of NEXTSat series. The capability of both imaging and low spectral resolution spectroscopy with the Field of View of $2{\times}2deg.$ in the near-infrared range from 0.9 to $3.8{\mu}m$ is a unique function of the NISS. The major scientific mission is to study the cosmic star formation history in local and distant universe. The Flight Model of the NISS is being developed and tested. After an integration into NEXTSat-1, it will be tested under the space environment. The NISS will be launched in 2017 and it will be operated during 2 years. As an extension of the NISS, SPEHREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer) is the NASA SMEX (SMall EXploration) mission proposed together with KASI (PI Institute: Caltech). It will perform an all-sky near-infrared spectral survey to probe the origin of our Universe; explore the origin and evolution of galaxies, and explore whether planets around other stars could harbor life. The SPHEREx is designed to have wider FoV of $3.5{\times}7deg.$ as well as wider spectral range from 0.7 to $4.8{\mu}m$. After passing the first selection process, SPHEREx is under the Phase-A study. The final selection will be made in the end of 2016. Here, we report the current status of the NISS and SPHEREx missions.

• 천문학논총
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• 제15권spc2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2000

Four plasma instruments are currently under development for KAISTSAT-4 (K-4) which is scheduled for launch in 2002. They are the Solid-State Telescope, Electro-Static Analyzer, Langmuir Probe, and the Scientific Magnetometer, that will respectively allow in-situ detection of high energy and low energy components of auroral particles, ionospheric thermal electrons, and magnetic field disturbances. These instruments, together with the Far-ultraviolet IMaging Spectrograph, will provide micro-scale physics of Earth's polar ionosphere with detailed spectral information that has not been previously achieved with other space missions. In this paper, we review the concept of the four space plasma instruments as well as the anticipated results from the instruments.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.300-310
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• 2016

Pathogen infection in plants induces complex responses ranging from gene expression to metabolic processes in infected plants. In spite of many studies on biotic stress-related changes in host plants, little is known about the metabolic and phenotypic responses of the host plants to Pseudomonas cichorii infection based on image-based analysis. To investigate alterations in tomato plants according to disease severity, we inoculated plants with different cell densities of P. cichorii using dipping and syringe infiltration methods. High-dose inocula (${\geq}10^6cfu/ml$) induced evident necrotic lesions within one day that corresponded to bacterial growth in the infected tissues. Among the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters analyzed, changes in quantum yield of PSII (${\Phi}PSII$) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) preceded the appearance of visible symptoms, but maximum quantum efficiency of PSII ($F_v/F_m$) was altered well after symptom development. Visible/near infrared and chlorophyll fluorescence hyperspectral images detected changes before symptom appearance at low-density inoculation. The results of this study indicate that the P. cichorii infection severity can be detected by chlorophyll fluorescence assay and hyperspectral images prior to the onset of visible symptoms, indicating the feasibility of early detection of diseases. However, to detect disease development by hyperspectral imaging, more detailed protocols and analyses are necessary. Taken together, change in chlorophyll fluorescence is a good parameter for early detection of P. cichorii infection in tomato plants. In addition, image-based visualization of infection severity before visual damage appearance will contribute to effective management of plant diseases.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1341-1351
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• 2021

Objective: To compare the quality of various polychromatic and monochromatic images with or without using an iterative metal artifact reduction algorithm (iMAR) obtained from a dual-energy computed tomography (CT) to evaluate total knee arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: We included 58 patients (28 male and 30 female; mean age [range], 71.4 [61-83] years) who underwent 74 knee examinations after total knee arthroplasty using dual-energy CT. CT image sets consisted of polychromatic image sets that linearly blended 80 kVp and tin-filtered 140 kVp using weighting factors of 0.4, 0, and -0.3, and monochromatic images at 130, 150, 170, and 190 keV. These image sets were obtained with and without applying iMAR, creating a total of 14 image sets. Two readers qualitatively ranked the image quality (1 [lowest quality] through 14 [highest quality]). Volumes of high- and low-density artifacts and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) between the bone and fat tissue were quantitatively measured in a subset of 25 knees unaffected by metal artifacts. Results: iMAR-applied, polychromatic images using weighting factors of -0.3 and 0.0 (P_-0.3i and P_0.0i, respectively) showed the highest image-quality rank scores (median of 14 for both by one reader and 13 and 14, respectively, by the other reader; p < 0.001). All iMAR-applied image series showed higher rank scores than the iMAR-unapplied ones. The smallest volumes of low-density artifacts were found in P_-0.3i, P_0.0i, and iMAR-applied monochromatic images at 130 keV. The smallest volumes of high-density artifacts were noted in P_-0.3i. The CNRs were best in polychromatic images using a weighting factor of 0.4 with or without iMAR application, followed by polychromatic images using a weighting factor of 0.0 with or without iMAR application. Conclusion: Polychromatic images combined with iMAR application, P_-0.3i and P_0.0i, provided better image qualities and substantial metal artifact reduction compared with other image sets.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.330-330
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• 2007

Polycrystalline mercuric iodide $HgI_2$) films are being developed as a new detector technology for digital x-ray imaging. The $HgI_2$ is generally vacuum deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. But the PVD thick deposition has been caused any instability in the biasing due to any defects or cracks. In this work we present a new particle-in-binder (PIB) methodologies used for the $HgI_2$ thick films. These growth techniques can be easily extended to produce much larger film areas. This paper, for the first time, presents results and comparison of polycrystalline $HgI_2$ films derived by various PIB methods. We investigated the structural and morphological properties of the films using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The films were characterized with respect to their electrical properties and in response to x-ray photons. Physical and electrical results were also compared between conventional polycrystalline PVD and our detectors. Leakage current as low as $350\;pA/cm^2$ at the bias voltage of ~ 200 V has been observed. And high sensitivity and good linearity in the response to x-rays was obtained in the film derived by PIB sedimentation method. Our future efforts will concentrate on optimization of film growth techniques for uniform large area deposition on image readout arrays.