• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8085-8091
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• 2016

Human papillomavirus is a virus that is distributed worldwide, and persistent infection with high-risk genotypes (HR-HPV) is considered the most important factor for the development of squamous cell cervical carcinoma (SCC). However, by itself, it is not sufficient, and other factors may contribute to the onset and progression of lesions. For example, infection with other sexually transmitted diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be a factor. Previous studies have shown the relationship between HPV infection and SCC development among HIV-infected women in many regions of the world, with great emphasis on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Brazil is considered a LMIC and has great disparities across different regions. The purpose of this review was to highlight the current knowledge about HPV infection and cervical abnormalities in HIV+ women in Brazil because this country is an ideal setting to evaluate HIV impact on SCC development and serves as model of LMICs and low-resource settings.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2023

This study investigated Thai consumers' perception and willingness to pay for Korean paprika and tomatoes to establish effective export strategies, To this end, an online survey was conducted on 300 consumers living in Bangkok, Thailand, and the factors affecting the purchase intent and willingness to pay price premium for Korean paprika and tomatoes were analyzed. The results are as follows. First, Thai consumers usually buy fruit and vegetables offline, such as supermarkets and large discount stores, but not a few respondents obtained purchase information online. Second, the price competitiveness of Korean paprika and tomatoes is low to Thai products, and the quality, safety, freshness, and cost-effectiveness are similar or low to other exporting countries. Therefore it is important to improve non-price competitiveness using positive perceptions of Korean products and Korean Wave. Third, the most important reason why Thai consumers not buying Korean paprika and tomatoes is the lack of stores and high prices. Fourth, as a result of analyzing the factors affecting the purchase intent for Korean paprika and tomatoes, the strategy of selling paprika and tomatoes through supermarkets to consumers with high income is effective. Fifth, considering the factors of willingness to pay premium prices for Korean paprika and tomatoes, a high pricing strategy targeted consumers with high income and many family members is appropriate.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.159-170
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• 2019

This study is an online survey for consumers in the metropolitan areas of Japan and Korea, which are advanced countries in Asia, and the maturity of the automobile market. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of Korea and Japan. As a result of this study, we analyzed the differences between the consumer characteristics and the optional attribute factors of low-carbon automobiles of Korea. There was a difference. It was found that the factors of low carbon car selection attribute differed with age, and that stability was more important when selecting low carbon car as income level increased. In Japan, there were no differences in the selection attribute factors of low carbon cars by gender, age and income. In addition, there is no difference in the relationship between the future purchase timings of low-carbon car types in both Korea and Japan. Implications of this study Korea has a meaningful result that Korea tends to select low-carbon automobiles with an emphasis on economic aspects and ages, and that safety tends to emphasize safety of low-carbon automobiles according to income levels. In the case of low carbon car, there was a tendency to select a low carbon car without any difference in consumer characteristics. The relationship between the expected purchase time according to the type of low carbon car and the Korean car show that the preferred car within the next 10 years among the low carbon car types is electric car and Japan prefers hybrid car.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.337-344
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• 2020

Stability and sustainability of the biggest banks in any country are extremely important. When big banks become unstable and vulnerable, they typically stop lending. The resulting credit squeeze pushes the economy into recession or a slow growth path. The present study examines the financial stability and sustainability of the 30 large banks operating in the six Gulf Cooperation Council countries. These banks represent 70% of the GCC banking market. Monte Carlo simulation was attempted assuming that key drivers can vary randomly by twenty percent on either side of the current values. The conclusions are drawn based on 300 simulation trails of the five-year forecast balance and income statement of each bank. Year 2020 is not favorable for the GCC countries because of the COVID-19 pandemic and low oil prices, though the future years may be better. The study identifies several banks, which may become financially unsustainable because the simulations indicate the possibility of negative profitability, unacceptably low capital ratios and potential for heavy credit losses during periods of economic turbulence, which is the current situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Through simulation the paper is able to throw light on which factors lead to bank instability and weakness.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.63-76
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• 2004

There is a considerable gap in the level of the Internet access charges among countries because of the history of the Internet use, current status of the Internet infrastructure, the Internet penetration rate, and so on. Low Internet access charge increases the number of the Internet users and the Internet penetration rate, which boosts economic activities. This paper empirically explores the impacts of the internet access charges on economic activities using a cross-country analysis based on data from 76 countries for the year 1998-2001. To this end, several versions of the neoclassical growth models, explicitly including the internet access charges, are estimated with the GDP used for a proxy for economic activities and the level of Internet access charges considered as an input to production. Subject to the appropriate caveats, the results show that the level of the Internet access charges make a significantly negative effect on economic activities. In other words, it is concluded that low Internet access charges of a county increase economic activities and the increased economic activities in turn raise the real income of the county.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.8 no.spc1
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• pp.297-322
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• 2005

The paper aims to analyze the logic and power of open source software (OSS), and to show the ways in which Korean government and companies support developing countries in the field of software development. Many developing countries are considering software industry to be a strategic industry due to the fact that software industry seems to be labor-intensive, or rather knowledge-intensive industry. In this regard, developing countries without huge financial investment can achieve certain level of economic development while leveraging software industry. Concerning software development tools, among recent trends OSS has been regarded as a viable alternative software development tool for developing countries. In developing countries, OSS is believed to resolve some difficulties caused by proprietary software such as Microsoft Windows, which is too expensive to buy for users and developers in low-income developing countries. In this sense, OSS has been considered as only solution for software developing because OSS is able to reduce the cost of software development and to enhance the technological capabilities of developing countries. In addition to the benefit of low cost, we have to shed light on the business model of OSS that is not to sell software licence, but to provide technical support and services. In order to use OSS as much as they can, developing countries have to invest for educating human resources who can develop and implement software system using OSS. These OSS-related policies can lead developing countries to developed countries.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.215-228
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• 2006

Because of the technological innovation of information-communication, the liberalization of world trade and the intensification of regionalisation, the world economic space is in progress of globalization that is not only a product but also a capital, technology and labour move freely over the countries. In the globalized economic space, the multinational finns accelerate a globalization of capital and labour by exporting the capital to the peripherals countries for the low cost of production and importing the low wage labour from the peripherals countries. East Asia which appeared one of the world triad economic axis with a rapid regional economic growth after 1980's intensifies the regionalisation of capital and labour. As the increase of gap in cost of production and income level among the countries, not only the direction of flows of capital and labour but also the traits of migrant labour also changes remarkably.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.37 no.2 s.71
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• pp.85-109
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• 2006

This study is aimed to investigate the structure of world pollack markets and the position/competitiveness or Korea for WTO/NAMA Negotiation. First or all, it is clearly pointed out that many limitations and problems are inherent in FAO statistics that is widely utilized to investigate the structure of international seafood markets. Especially, it is impossible to find not only the data for Russia that is the top production and export country of pollack, but also the data for importing/exporting countries for pollack. In order to make up for these problems, the data for export and import of major countries are collected and analyzed. The results of analysis show the followings. First, it is clearly investigated that classification of fish products are different for countries. Second, it is understood the structure of international pollack market in actuality. The pollack market is segmented by frozen, fresh, dried, fillet, roe, surimi, etc. In addition, the pollack market has grown as much as 600,000 tons in amount and $1.2billion in value. Third, competitiveness of Korea in international pollack markets is measured quantitatively. It shows that Korea has low RAC index and TSI index, but high RMI index. Thus, it is identified that Korea becomes the largest pollack importing country. Fourth, the partial equilibrium analysis on pollack import market of Korea indicates that the frozen pollack has both price elasticity and substitution elasticity, while the fresh pollack has income elasticity.

• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.8.1-8.6
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• 2014

Despite the remarkable advancements of the modern medicine, the traditional system of medicine (TSM) still serves as a potential primary health care modality in the in low- and middle-income countries. The recent reports suggest that there is a renewed interest has been observed towards TSM in the developed countries too, because of the adverse side-effect of modern medicines. Medicinal plants have been widely serving as a rich source of therapeutic agent. Ethiopia is one of the most reserves rich countries in the world. It is renowned for well-diversified and natural resources in terms of its unique flora and fauna. Ethiopian deep-rooted tradition and culture largely depends on the usage of plants for their religious ceremonies, impressive festivals, traditional medicinal uses and other basic necessities. The present scrutiny is an attempt to understand the omnipotent nature of an Ethiopian Ethnomedicinal plant called Tinjute [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Otostegia integrifolia]. There are several studies suggest that Tinjute can be used as a natural medicine or health-promoting agents for various disorders and ailments. Nevertheless, in Ethiopia, it is renowned as an insect repellent to drive-away insect vector of diseases, particularly mosquitoes in the early evening. However, there are many more issues and challenges which must be urgently addressed to scientifically formulate various potent, efficacious, safe and highly selective phytotherapeutic agents and insects' repellent from the Tinjute plant in the near future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8_spc
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• pp.1233-1243
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• 2019

Asia hosts more than half of the world's 1 billion goats and is also where domestication of wild goats began. Goats, including dairy goats, are adapted to a wide variety of harsh environments and thus play key roles as providers of nutrition, food security and socio-economic status to their human owners in many low-income Asian countries. In many countries in Southeast and East Asia, medium and large scale commercial dairy goat farming can be profitable enterprises because of the high price of goat milk, and good demand due to its health and medicinal properties. In some Asian countries, dairy goats play important roles in non-commercial activities, including use as educational animals in elementary schools in Japan and show animals in Indonesia. Dairy goat farmers in Asia are faced with numerous challenges, such as a shortage of high producing animals adapted to the local environment, lack of quality feeds during a prolonged dry season, many diseases and difficulty getting their product to market, however, the increasing demand for goat milk in the newly developed and developed economies in Asia provides an optimistic future for dairy goat production in this region.