• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.661-666
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the dyeability of polyester(PET) fabric by thermal bonding with low melting component of bicomponent fiber and to describe the change of physical properties of thermal bonded PET fabrics. The PET fabrics were prepared with regular PET fiber as warp and bicomponent fiber as weft. The bicomponent fiber of sheath-core type was composed with a regular PET core and low melting PET sheath. The thermal bonding of PET fabric was carried out in pin tenter($195^{\circ}C$) for 60 seconds. In this study, we investigated the dye ability and fastness of the dyed PET fabric. Dye ability of E-type dyestuff is higher than S-type dyestuff. In the case of E- type dyestuff, the saturated dyeing time was 10minutes at $130^{\circ}C$. The washing fastness and light fastness were excellent as 4-5grade.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2007

MADYMO human model with the detail neck was used to investigate the reaction force of neck and neck injury from rear impact directions. In the validation simulation, head acceleration, thorax acceleration and the global kinematics of the head and neck were correlated well with experimental data. Acceleration data from three 15 km/h low speed car rear impact pendulum tests(rear-end, offset, oblique) were used to simulate the model. In the simulation results, the reaction force on the facet joint and discs in the oblique rear impact were higher than rear-end, offset rear impacts. Further research is still needed in order to neck injury analysis about different crash parameters.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제42권
• /
• pp.39.1-39.5
• /
• 2020

Background: Head or scalp injury is a life-threatening and typically accidental human injury. Most medical departments require immediate medical treatment and proper treatment with specialized medical personnel and facilities. However, in low-resource environments, such as the rural region of West Africa, the authors have treated emergency trauma patients and provided immediate treatment despite lack of resources. Case presentation: We reviewed three cases of scalp injury patients, with representative clinical information, and used these cases to outline feedback on scalp trauma treatment based on the specialty knowledge of general and emergency surgeon. Conclusions: Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are medical specialists that can immediately diagnose and treat these scalp injuries based on their medical knowledge and experience with the maxillofacial region.

• Medical Lasers
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2021

Background and Objectives Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disease. On the other hand, there is no treatment that can improve the thyroid function. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can improve the cellular activity. The effect of hypothyroidism is not obvious. This study examined the effects of LLLT on the thyroid gland function of a propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism mouse model. Materials and Methods Twenty-five male ICR mice were distributed into five groups of five animals each: Negative control (none PTU animal) and positive control (PTU animal) of unirradiated animals, and three experimental groups with LLLT (3J, 6J, and 12J). Each mouse was exposed to a distinct dose of a 632-nm laser once a week for three rounds. The positive control group and three LLLT groups were induced into a hypothyroidism state by PTU administration. The animals' thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroxine levels were measured using an ELISA kit, and their thyroid tissue was harvested and analyzed after sacrifice at the end of the experiment. The hormone level and morphological changes in the tissue of the five groups were compared. Results The thyroid hormone levels in the control group and LLLT groups were similar. On the other hand, the thyroid tissue of the LLLT groups showed some morphological changes that were similar to those of iodine deficiency thyroid. Conclusion LLLT did not affect the thyroid gland function in PTU-induced hypothyroidism mice.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제17권8호
• /
• pp.2140-2156
• /
• 2023

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), is constructed out of teeny-tiny sensor nodes that are very low-cost, have a low impact on the environment in terms of the amount of power they consume, and are able to successfully transmit data to the base station. The primary challenges that are presented by WSN are those that are posed by the distance between nodes, the amount of energy that is consumed, and the delay in time. The sensor node's source of power supply is a battery, and this particular battery is not capable of being recharged. In this scenario, the amount of energy that is consumed rises in direct proportion to the distance that separates the nodes. Here, we present a Hybrid Firefly Glow-Worm Swarm Optimization (HF-GSO) guided routing strategy for preserving WSNs' low power footprint. An efficient fitness function based on firefly optimization is used to select the Cluster Head (CH) in this procedure. It aids in minimising power consumption and the occurrence of dead sensor nodes. After a cluster head (CH) has been chosen, the Glow-Worm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm is used to figure out the best path for sending data to the sink node. Power consumption, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and network lifetime are just some of the metrics measured and compared between the proposed method and methods that are conceptually similar to those already in use. Simulation results showed that the proposed method significantly reduced energy consumption compared to the state-of-the-art methods, while simultaneously increasing the number of functioning sensor nodes by 2.4%. Proposed method produces superior outcomes compared to alternative optimization-based methods.

• 자동차안전학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this research is to obtain and analyze dynamic responses from human volunteers for the development of the human-like mechanical or mathematical model for Korean males in automotive rear collisions. This paper focused on the introduction to a low-speed rear impact sled test involving Korean male subjects, and the accumulation of the motion of head and neck. A total of 50 dynamic rear impact sled tests were performed with 50 human volunteers, who are 30-50 year-old males. Each subject can be involved in only one case to prevent any injury in which he was exposed to the impulse that was equivalent to a low-speed rear-end collision of cars at 5-8 km/h for change of velocity, so called, ${\Delta}V$. All subjects were examined by an orthopedist to qualify for the test through the medical check-up of their necks and low backs prior to the test. The impact device is the pendulum type, tuned to simulate the crash pulse of a real vehicle. All motions and impulses were captured and measured by motion capture systems and pressure sensors on the seat. Dynamic responses of head and T1 were analyzed in two cases(5 km/h, 8 km/h) to compare with the results in the previous studies. After the experiments, human subjects were examined to check up any change in the post medical analysis. As a result, there was no change in MRI and no injury reported. Six subjects experienced a minor stiffness on their back for no more than 2 days and got back to normal without any medical treatment.

• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제59권4호
• /
• pp.191-216
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 가족과의 관계 속에서 형성되는 여성 빈곤의 문제, 특히 남성 생계부양자 규범에 의해 여성들이 어떻게 자원배분과 자원통제에서 배제되어 빈곤에 취약해지게 되었는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 이혼경험이 있는 저소득 여성가구주 10명의 생애사를 분석하였다. 저소득 여성가구주들이 빈곤층에 이르게 되기까지 빈곤경로에 있어서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 여성가구주들이 빈곤에 이르게 되는 경로에 따라서 빈곤의 지속유형과 빈곤으로의 유입유형으로 분류하였다. 여성가구주의 빈곤은 출생 가족과 결혼 후 가족에서 자원형성과 자원배분, 자원통제에서의 차별을 통해서 빈곤에 취약해졌다. 남성 생계부양자 규범은 차별기제로 작동되었으나 빈곤화 경로 유형에 따라서 그것이 작동되는 방식에서 차이가 있음을 드러내었다. 빈곤의 지속 유형 사례 여성들에게 남성 생계부양자 규범은 상징적인 힘으로 작동되면서 이 여성들의 경제활동은 가족을 보살펴야 하는 아내 역할의 차원에서 수행되었다. 반면 빈곤으로의 유입 유형 사례 여성들에게 남성 생계부양자 규범은 피부양자의 위치로 자신을 인식함으로서 직업경력 단절 및 자원통제권을 상실하게 되면서 빈곤에 취약해졌다. 이러한 연구결과는 지금까지 여성가구주로 빈곤 논의에서 전제되고 있는 통념이 허구임을 밝힘으로써, 가족(The Family)만 유지된다면 여성은 빈곤하지 않을 것이라는 기존 시각을 문제화하고 관점 전환의 필요성을 제안하고 있다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.28-37
• /
• 2013

This study examined differences in the activity of upper limb muscles according to how an ultrasound head is gripped. Twenty-two adult males were participated in the study. Each participant was asked to apply ultrasound treatment on to a lump of pork meat by two different ultrasound head grip patterns: spherical and cylindrical grips. Muscle activity was measured in the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), and pronator teres (PT), triceps brachii (TB), middle deltoid (MD), and upper trapezius (UT) muscles. There were no significant differences in the EMG signals of any muscle according to the ultrasound head grip pattern (p>.05). There were significant differences in the EMG signal of each type of muscle (p<.05). The EMG signal of UT was the lowest and that of TB was lower than ECRL and FCU. There were interactions between ECRL and FCU, between ECRL and PT, between FCU and ECRL, and between FCU and MD. The EMG signal of ECRL using the cylindrical head was low and that of FCU with the cylindrical head was high, while the opposite was the case with the spherical head ($p_{adj}$ <.05/15). The results of this study indicate that the wrist muscles worked actively when the participants applied ultrasound therapy using both spherical and cylindrical heads. A spherical head might induce imbalanced muscle activity among the wrist muscles, leading to deviation of the wrist joint. Therefore, the cylindrical head is recommended for ultrasound therapy because it produced a constant, repeated force.

• 물과 미래
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 1995

공기실(air chamber)은 관망에 있어 압력수두가 설계치를 초과하지 않고 또한 최저 압력수두가 발생하지 않도록 하기 위해 설계된다. 따라서 공기실은 갑작스런 펌프의 중단에 따르는 순간적인 최고 및 최저 압력수두의 발생을 방지하기 위해 사용되어 진다. 본 연구에서는 가상적인 관망에 공기실을 적용하여 공기실의 공기부피, 위치, 면적, 오리피스에서의 손실계수 그리고 polytropic지수의 변화에 따른 압력수두의 완화효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과 공기의 부피가 증가할수록 최고압력수두는 감소하고 최저 압력수두는 증가함을 보여주었으며, 공기실의 위치나 단면적의 변화는 완화효과의 변화가 별로 없었다. 또한 오리피스 손실계수를 증가할수록 최고 압력수두가 감소함을 보이고, 공기실의 공기가 등온변화과정을 따를때가 단열변화과정을 따를 때보다 최고 압력수두가 낮음을 보여주었다.

• 소음진동
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.643-651
• /
• 1999

A brief description of the current technology (contact-start-stop) employed in most of today's hard disk drive is presented. The dynamics and head/disk interactions during a start/stop process are very complicated and no one has been able to accurately model the interactions. Thus, the head/disk interface that meets the start/stop durability and stiction requirements are always developed statistically. In arriving at a solution. many sets of statistical tests are run by varying several parameters. such as, the carbon overcoat thickness. lubricant thickness. disk surface roughness, etc. Consequently, the cost associated III developing an interface could be significant since the outcome is difficult to predict. An alternative method known as Load/Unload technology alters the problem set. such that. the start/stop performance can be designed in a predictable manner. Although this techno¬logy offers superior performance and significantly reduces statistical testing time, it also has some potential problems. However. contrary to the CSS technology. most of the problems can be solved by design and not by trial and error. One critical problem is that of head/disk contacts during the loading and unloading processes. These contact can cause disk and slider damage because the contacts are likely to occur at high disk speeds resulting in large friction forces. Use of glass substrate disks also may present problems if not managed correctly. Due to the low thermal conductivity of glass substrates. any head/disk contacts may result in erasure due to frictional heating of the head/disk interface. In spite of these and other potential problems. the advantage with L/UL system is that these events can be understood. analyzed. and solved in a deterministic manner.