• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.413-418
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the changes of the serological parameters of the rats fed a high fat and high cholesterol diets with or without quercetin supplement for five weeks. Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats ($152.1{\pm}17.0\;g$ of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the control(C) group were fed the high fat and high cholesterol diet containing 15% lard, 2% cholesterol and 0.5% sodium cholate (w/w). Rats in two treatment groups were fed the same diet supplemented with 0.25% quercetin (Q-0.25) or 0.5% quercetin (Q-0.5) on the weight to weight basis, respectively. The final body weight, gain of body weight, the amount of feed intake and the feed efficiency of rats in between control and treatment groups were not significantly different. Serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic index(AI) of rats in both Q-0.25 and Q-0.5 groups were significantly lower than in C group (p < 0.05). However serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly higher in both Q-0.25 and Q-0.5 groups than in C group (p < 0.05). The levels of triglyceride in sera of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. The values of AST and ALT in sera of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. Therefore the supplementation of quercetin to high fat and high cholesterol diet in rats was effective in reducing the levels of serum lipids to cause cardiovascular diseases and in elevating the level of HDL-C to protect cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2002

This study was designed to assess diet and health-related factors of older adults in Korea. Subjects females were 2,660 adults aged 50 and over living in Korea. Males were 847 persons and were 1813 persons. The mean weight and height for males and females were 63.8 $\pm$ 0.3kg / 164.0 $\pm$ 0.2cm and 57.0 $\pm$ 0.2kg /150.6 $\pm$ 0.1cm respectively. BMI (body mass index), body fat, and percent fat were significantly greater in females than in males. The muscle mass and body water were significantly greater in males than in females. Twenty-one percent of total subjects lived alone and 26% with spouse only. Most of the subject's self-reported income was in middle level (65%) or low level (24%). Proportion of subjects who answered 'very poor' or 'poor' on perceived health status was higher in older group. The 50-64 years old group was facing more stress than 65yr and over group. Among male subjects,38.4% were current-smokers and 22.0% were ex-smokers. But only 6.5% of female subjects were current-smokers. Males turned out to have better dietary habits-meal frequency per day, mealtime regularity, regular meal size and balanced eating-than females (p < 0.001). This study revealed that the diet and health-related factors affect nutritional status and chronic diseases of the elderly. For better management and evaluation of health status of the elderly, more effective nutritional assessment tools should be developed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2007

Oral health in youth is very important because this period influences life for adult remarkably. Therefore, more effective oral health education and recognition of early treatment for oral disease are required sincerely. For more effectual education for high-school students, it is necessary to consider their circumstance like obesity and smoking. This study will analyze the correlation oral health behavior with obesity and subjective oral health concerns. In addition to, the actual condition of smoking for high-school girls and oral health condition will be verified. A survey was progressed for high-school girls in Busan city and BMI(body mass index) was used for classification of weight. The statistical significance was analyzed using SPSS 13.3 for Windows. Results of this study is following. 1. The frequence of daily toothbrushing was significantly different with obesity although difference of oral health knowledge was not significant. The frequency of toothbrushing of overweight students were lesser than the others. This results may be caused by low-level for oral health concerns and by passive life style of fat person. This habit has possibility of causing serious periodontal disease like periodontitis and tooth caries. 2. The correlation of obesity and time of brush change, using for supplement, and recent dental institution was insignificant. However, concerns of oral health were showed significantly according to obesity. Under-weight and standard-weight students were more concerned about oral health than over-weight. This results can be related to frequence of toothbrushing for fat subject. This relevance of two factors was confirmed by logistic regression analysis. 3. Approximately 70% students have smoking experience responded to uncomfortableness of periodontal conditions. On the other hand, non-smoking students felt uncomfortable in 50%. This results indicated that smoking have an effect on oral health condition. Further study which identify periodontal conditions practically has to go on for verification of direct correlation smoking and oral health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.53-63
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the growth responses of medicinal plants such as Glehnia littoralis, Cryptotaenia japonica, Angelica gigas, Reynoutria japonica, Saururus chinensis, Houttuynia cordata, Ligularia fischeri, and Aralia cordata under 70%-shading and full sunlight conditions on a rooftop condition using artificial soil as a growth media. Glehnia littoralis, Cryptotaenia japonica, Ligularia fischeri, Saururus chinensis, and Houttuynia cordata showed better growth on plant height, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and leaf number under full sunlight conditions on a rooftop condition. Cryptotaenia japonica and Houttuynia cordata had high value of Hunter's a (red-green) under full sunlight, while had lower value of L(lightness) and b(blue-yellow) than those of 70% shading condition. As an index of plant stress response, Glehnia littoralis, Reynoutria japonica, Houttuynia cordata, Ligularia fischeri showed Fv/Fm values 0.79~0.84 under full sunlight in August, indicating low stress on plant growth. Therefore they seemed to be suitable medicinal plats for rooftop conditions. Ligularia fischeri and Reynoutria japonica showed better growth under 70% shading treatment in August, while showed high growth response under full sunlight conditions in September. The 70% shading treatment was effective for the growth of Angelica gigas, Reynoutria japonica, and Aralia cordata. Angelica gigas and Reynoutria japonica, however, showed better plant growth under full sunlight during summer. The results showed that Glehnia littoralis, Cryptotaenia japonica, Ligularia fischeri, Saururus chinensis, and Houttuynia cordat seemed to be suitable medicinal plants for rooftop garden where there is a full sunlight condition.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2013

In this study, we evaluated the hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of biotransformed soybean powder (BTS; Phellinus baumii-fermented soybean) on lipid metabolism in rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into basal diet group (BA), high fat diet group (HF), high fat diet containing 10% BTS group (10 BTS), and high fat diet containing 20% BTS group (20 BTS). Changes in the content of various isoflavones, including daidzein and genistein, within the soybean after fermentation to BTS were investigated. The levels of daidzein and genistein were $149.28{\mu}g/g$ and $364.31{\mu}g/g$, respectively. After six weeks experimental period, Food efficiency ratio in the 10 and 20 BTS group was significantly lower than the HF group (P<0.05). Total serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratio in the 10 or 20 BTS group were significantly lower than the HF group. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were significantly lower in the groups that received 10% and 20% BTS than the HF. The activities of SOD and CAT were significantly higher in the 10 and 20 BTS group than the HF group. The activity of XO in the 10 and 20 BTS group was significantly lower than in the HF group by 20% and 23%, respectively. In conclusion, these data suggest that BTS is an effective agent in improving lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzyme system.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.183-195
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identity the relationship among emotional expression, emotional support, and psychosocial well-being, to analyze the factor affect the psychosocial well-being and to provide the data-based for effective development of emotional education program. The subjects for this study were 553 undergraduate college nursing students. The period of data collection was from 16 to 30, June, 2001. The instruments used for this study were emotional expressiveness scale (EES), ambivalence over emotional expressiveness questionnaire (AEQ), affect intensity measure (AIM), social support scale (SSS), and psychosocial well-being index (PWI). Data were analyzed by use of Descriptive Statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Stepwise multiple regression, Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS WIN program. The Major results were as follows: 1. The average score of items for the AIM, EES, AEQ were moderate at 3.8, 3.7 and 3.4. The level of SSS was high at 7.2 and PWI was low at 52.1. 2. Significant correlation were found between the AIM, EES, and AEQ. The EES was positively correlated with the SSS and negatively correlated with the PWI. On the other hand, the AEQ was positively associated with the PWI and negatively associated with the SSS. There was significantly negative correlation between the SSS and PWI. 3. In demographic characteristics, significant difference was shown only in the EES. The EES was significantly different according to grade. The difference in the SSS and PWI between 3groups were significant at the EES and AEQ. 4. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the EES, AEQ, and AIM had influence on the SSS. And perceived the AEQ and SSS together explained 18.7% of variance in the PWI. The results of study provide evidence about the roles of emotion in psychosocial well-being. As a result, this study suggests that later study would be required to identify factors affect the psychosocial well-being and to develop the emotional education program to enhance emotional expression.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.17
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• pp.123-160
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• 1996

There have been many studies and experiments regarding exhibition lighting. Many experiments on photochemical damaging effect and visibility resulted in a practice limited to assigning light levels and adjusting annual exposure time. The three damaging factors to the artifacts are intrinsicsusceptibility to absorb radiant energy, spectral distribution of light source and intensity of illumination and time of exposure. Dividing all the artfacts into three categories to suggest a recommended illuminance level causes some problems. Blue wool, for example, used as the reference material for susceptibility, is not a standard material representing museum artifacts. In the most light sensitive category, ISO class I or anything below have been excluded. The exposure time of one soure can be three times more than another sourece. The spectral distribution of the light source and the relative spectral responsibility of the artifact are not considered in the practice. So in case of very light sensitive material, the recommended illuminance is only the referring value and it is indispensable to check the characteristic of susceptibility of each artifacts. Daylighting is prevailing method to solve the psychological need of the visitors. However, it sould transparent, and should not diffused, and the green-house effect must be considered. llluminance uniformity should based on the maximum illuminance to handle the limitation of exposure for the conservation of a large sensitive object such as a painting. Damage index is not absolute reference for selecting the lighting source because it is experimented from the paper of low grade then calculated. Visibility should be increased by reducing the visual noiseand by planning of appropriate luminance contrast. This paper reviews the problems with the previous studies and experiment sand the current exhibition lighting design practice. The plan for museum showcase lighting is to check the susceptibility and to raise the visibility simultaneously.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the growth rate, hematological and serological changes of the rats when they were fed with the high fat diets supplemented with or without the tannic acid for five weeks. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats(235.7\pm10.7g\;of\;body\;weight)$ were randomly divided into four groups, control group and three treatment groups(T1, T2 and T3). Rats in control group were fed with the high fat diet containing $15\%\;lard,\;1\%$ cholesterol and $0.5\%$ sodium cholate(wt/wt) which was modified from the formula of American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-76 diet and rats in treatment groups were fed with above diet supplemented with $0.25\%(T1),\;0.5\%(T2)$ or $0.75\%(T3)$ of tannic acid(wt/wt), respectively. The supplementation of tannic acid(TA) did not affect the final body weight, gain of body weight and feed intake of rats in both control and treatment groups. The numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values in blood of rats showed no significant differences between control group and treatment groups. The glucose concentration and albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio of rats in treatment groups were slightly lower than that of control group without significance. The values of total protein, albumin and globulin showed no significant differences between control group and treatment groups. The values of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein­cholesterol and atherogenic index in sera of rats in treatment groups were much lower than that of control group without significance. The values of triglycerides in sera of rats in T3 group were significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.05). The values of AST and ALT in sera of rats in T3 group were significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.05). Thus supplementation of tannic acid to high fat diet could be effective to reduce the serum lipid levels such as total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides which were regarded as to cause the cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.24-30
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• 2007

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were performed in order to analyse the genetic relation-ships of both taxa of Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans and G. jasminoides for. grandifora. Over the 88 fragments, only one locus (ISSR-11-05) was specific to G. jasminoides var. radicans and only one (ISSR-09-05) G. jasminoides for. grandiflora. Although G. jasminoides var. radicans showed low levels of alleles and Shannon's information index than G. jasminoides for. Grandiflora, however, there was not significant differences (p > 0.05). For both taxa the mean genetic diversity of natural populations was higher than that of cultivation populations. It was suggested that domestication processes via artificial selection do not have eroded the high levels of genetic diversity. ISSR markers were more effective in classifying natural populations of wild G. jasminoides in East Asia as well as cultivated G. jasminoides. The information about the phylogenetic relationship of G. jasminoides var. radicans and its closely related species is very valuable of the systematics of genus Gardenia, the origin of cultivated G. jasminoides, and future G. jasminoides breeding.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the feeding mixture of linseed oil, rich in n-3 PUFA and the sunflower seed oil, rich in n-6 PUFA on the lipid metabolism in the dietary hyperlipidemic rats. After male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced hyperlipidemia by feeding the diet containing lard, butter and cholesterol for 3 weeks, then they were fed with the diet containing lard 3.0 % and butter 12.0% for control, the mixture in different proportion of both linseed oil and sunflower seed oil and antihyperlipidemic drugs for 2 weeks. Analysis of the lipid component of the serum showed following results. Concentration of total cholesterol in serum was significantly lower in the other groups except group 2 (lard 3.0 % + olive oil 12.0%) than in the control group , especially in groups 3 (cholestyramine 2.0%) and 5 (lard 3.0% + linseed oil 12.0%). HDL-C and the ratio of HDL-C to total cholesterol concentration were higher in groups 1, 3, 5 and 9 (lard 3.0% + sunflower seed oil 12.0%) , while the atherosclerotic index was low in groups3, 5. Concentrations of free cholesterol and choesteryl ester in serum were significantly lower in the other groups except group 2 than in the control group, especially lower in grop 5. Concentration of LDL was significantly higher in group 2 while it was remarkably lower in groups 3 and 5, while those of triglyceride in groups in 3 and 4 (lipraroid) were significantly higher than in the control groups. From the data on concentration of total choelsterol , HDL-cholesterol, LDL, phospholipid and triglyceride in serum, the results suggested that the feeding mixed with 3.0% lard and 12.0% linseed oil or 2.0% cholestyramine were most effective for the improvement of the serum lipids.