• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.334-334
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• 2012

Transparent oxide semiconductors have recently attracted much attention as channel layer materials due to advantageous electrical and optical characteristics such as high mobility, high stability, and good transparency. In addition, transparent oxide semiconductor can be fabricated at low temperature with a low production cost and it permits highly uniform devices such as large area displays. A variety of thin film transistors (TFTs) have been studied including ZnO, InZnO, and InGaZnO as the channel layer. Recently, there are many studies for substitution of Ga in InGaZnO TFTs due to their problem, such as stability of devices. In this work, new quaternary compound materials, tantalum-indium-tin oxide (TaInSnO) thin films were fabricated by using co-sputtering and used for the active channel layer in thin film transistors (TFTs). We deposited TaInSnO films in a mixed gas (O2+Ar) atmosphere by co-sputtering from Ta and ITO targets, respectively. The electric characteristics of TaInSnO TFTs and thin films were investigated according to the RF power applied to the $Ta_2O_5$ target. The addition of Ta elements could suppress the formation of oxygen vacancies because of the stronger oxidation tendency of Ta relative to that of In or Sn. Therefore the free carrier density decreased with increasing RF power of $Ta_2O_5$ in TaInSnO thin film. The optimized characteristics of TaInSnO TFT showed an on/off current ratio of $1.4{\times}108$, a threshold voltage of 2.91 V, a field-effect mobility of 2.37 cm2/Vs, and a subthreshold swing of 0.48 V/dec.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2011

Hydrogen and hydrogen energy have been recognized as clean energy sources and high energy carrier. Mg and Mg alloys are attractive hydrogen storage materials because of their lightweight and low cost materials with high hydrogen capacity (about 7.6 wt.%). However, the commercial applications of the Mg hydrides are currently hinder by its high absorption/desorption temperature, and very slow reaction kinetics. However, Ti and Ti based hydrogen storage alloys have been thought to be the third generation of alloys with a high hydrogen capacity, which makes it difficult to handle because of high reactivity. One of the most methods to develope kinetics was addition of transition metal. Therefore, Mg-Ti-Cr-Nb alloy was fabricated to add TiCrNb by hydrogen induced mechanical alloying. TiCrNb systems have included transition metals, low operating temperatures and hydrogen storage materials. As-received specimens were characterized using X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermo Gravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG/DSC). $Mg-TiCr_{10}Nb$ systems were evaluated for hydrogen kinetics by Sievert's type Pressure-Composition-Isotherm (PCI) equipment. The operating temperature range was 473, 523, 573 and 623 K.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.208-218
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• 2023

Photocatalysts are advanced materials which accelerate the photoreaction by providing ordinary reactions with other pathways. The catalysts have various advantages, such as low-cost, low operating temperature and pressure, and long-term use. They are applied to environmental and energy field, including the air and water purification, water splitting for hydrogen production, sterilization and self-cleaning surfaces. However, commercial photocatalysts only absorb ultraviolet light between 100 and 400 nm of wavelength which comprises only 5% in sunlight due to the wide band gap. In addition, rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs reduces the photocatalytic performance. Recently, studies on blackening photocatalysts by laser, thermal, and plasma treatments have been conducted to enhance the absorption of visible light and photocatalytic activity. The disordered structures could yield mid-gap states and vacancies could cause charge carrier trapping. Herein, liquid phase plasma (LPP) is adopted to synthesize Ag-doped black ZnO for the utilization of visible-light. The physical and chemical characteristics of the synthesized photocatalysts are analyzed by SEM/EDS, XRD, XPS and the optical properties of them are investigated using UV/Vis DRS and PL analyses. Lastly, the photocatalytic activity was evaluated using methylene blue as a pollutant.

• 태양에너지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1997

다결정 실리콘에서 결정입계는 광생성된 반송자들의 재결합 중심으로 작용할 뿐 아니라 전위장벽으로 작용하여 태양전지의 변환효율을 감소시킨다. 결정입계의 영향을 줄이기 위해 열처리, 결정입계에 대한 선택적 식각, 결정입계로 함몰전극을 형성하는 방법, 다양한 전극 구조, 초박막 금속 형성 후 전극형성 등 여러가지 요소들을 조사하였다. 질소 분위기에서 $900^{\circ}C$ 전열처리, $POCl_3$ 확산을 통한 게터링, 후면전계 형성을 위한 Al 처리로 다결정 실리콘의 결함밀도를 감소시켰다. 결정입계에서의 반송자 손실을 감소시키기 위한 기판 처리로 Schimmel 식각액을 사용하였다. 이는 texturing 효과와 함께 결정입계를 선택적으로 $10{\mu}m$ 깊이로 식각하였다. 결점입계를 우선적으로 식각한 후면으로 Al을 확산하여 후면에서의 재결합 손실을 감소시켰다. 전극 핑거(grid finger) 간격이 0.4mm인 세밀한 전극 구조에 결정입계로 $0.4{\mu}m$ 깊이로 함몰전극을 추가로 형성하여 태양전지의 단락 전류 밀도가 개선되었다. 80% 이상의 광투과율을 보인 20nm 두께의 크롬 박막 형성으로 직렬 저항을 감소시켰다. 본 논문은 저가의 고효율, 지상 전력용 태양진지를 위해 결정입계에 대한 연구를 하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 이산화탄소를 배출하지 않고 수소를 운반할 수 있는 그린 암모니아 공정의 효율적인 설계를 위해 암모니아 액화 시나리오를 다르게 설계하고 이에 대한 경제성 및 환경 영향도 평가를 수행하였다. 순도 99.9 mol%의 148 kmol/hr 액화 암모니아를 생산물로 얻는 것을 목표로 설정하였고 후처리 단계에서 냉각단계 전 기-액분리를 통해 일정량의 액화 암모니아를 분리하고 고압에서 냉각하는 고압 냉각 공정과 기-액분리 과정 없이 바로 감압 후 냉각하여 기-액분리를 시켜 최종생산물을 얻는 저압 냉각 공정의 두 가지 케이스를 설정했다. 이에 대한 타당성 평가를 위해 Aspen Plus를 활용한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 고압 냉각 공정은 많은 기-액분리 공정과 열교환기를 사용하여 초기장치 비용이 부담되지만 상대적으로 총 유틸리티 비용이 91.03 $/hr, duty가 2.81 Gcal/hr 낮아 유지비용이 적게 든다. 저압 냉각 공정은 초기 장치 비용이 낮고 운전이 용이하지만 급격한 압력 강하로 운전이 불안정한 것을 확인 하였다. 환경 영향도 평가 결과 고압 냉각 공정이 저압 냉각 공정보다 전력 사용량을 기준으로 산출한 이산화탄소 환산톤 배출 계수가 0.83 tCO₂eq 더 낮아 환경친화적 임을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 향후 그린 암모니아 합성 공정에서 여러 상황에 적절한 설계안을 도출할 수 있는 데이터베이스를 확보할 수 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2016

Purpose - Nowadays the competition between companies has been intensified in the aviation industry. It is hard to maintain successful market share in challenging managerial environment. Not long ago, a Korean major aviation company had faced social condemnation cause of managerial staff's immoral behaviors. That company suffers great losses in company brand value in terms of authenticity as an aviation company. This research tried to show the effect of brand authenticity in the aviation industry. First of all, this research tried to define the dimensions of the brand authenticities based on the former researches. This research suggested the airline brand authenticities as three kinds of dimensions. The dimensions of authenticities consist of performance aspects, symbolic aspects and moral aspects. And this research also tried to show the relationships between brand authenticities and consumers attitudes. Research design, data and methodology - The empirical research design is based on the experiments with six types of advertisement prototypes. The advertisement prototypes were based on three types of authenticities' characteristics. The prototypes were made of core statements about each authenticity. And the advertisement prototypes also were based on the aviation company types. The types of aviation companies could be divided into FSC(full service carrier)and LCC(low cost carrier). So the whole experiments were performed with six kinds of advertisement prototypes(3 brand authenticities X 2 aviation company types). The age of participants were from 20s to 40s. The proportion of participants' demographics are as follow. Age proportion is 50% of 20s and 50% of 30s and 40s. Gender proportion is 46% males and 54% females. The experiments performed through mobile devices. Advertisement prototypes were exposed to the participants through their mobile devices, and they answered the questionnaires. All the process of experiments were performed by a professional research firm to maintain the quality of data. Results - This research suggested some important outcomes as follow. First, brand authenticity had an important role to make a positive consumer attitude on the aviation company. All the three types advertisement of authenticities had a positive impact on the consumer attitude for the aviation company. Second, the three types of brand authenticities in the performance aspects, symbolic aspects, and moral aspects had a major impact on the consumers attitudes. The performance authenticity had the biggest effect on the consumer attitudes. Third, the types of aviation companies like FSC and LCC had a different correlation with types of authenticities. All the types of authenticities affected on the consumers attitudes in the FSC case. The symbolic authenticity had the biggest effect in the FSC case. But the performance authenticity showed the most striking effect in the LCC case. Conclusion - From this research, we can get a conclusion. The brand authenticity of aviation company should be managed carefully to maintain a positive brand image and consumers attitudes. And airline brand authenticities can be consist of three type dimensions. All the types of authenticities affects on the consumers attitudes positively. The symbolic authenticity affects more in the FSC case, and the performance authenticity influences more in the LCC case.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

Present-day rules and regulations for the design and construction of ships are almost without exemption of a prescriptive and deterministic nature. Often it is argued that this situation is far from ideal; it does no right to the advances, which have been made during the past decades in engineering tools in marine technology, both in methodology and in computational power. Within IMO this has been realized for some time and has resulted in proposals to use Formal Safety Assessment(FSA) as a tool to improve and to modernize the rule making process. The present paper makes use of elements of the FSA methodology, but instead of working towards generic regulations or requirements, a Risk Assessment Approach, not unlike a 'safety case'; valid for a certain ship or type of ship is worked out. Delft University of Technology investigated the application of safely assessment procedures in ship design, in co-operation with Anthony Veder Shipowners and safety experts from Safely Service Center BV. The ship considered is a semi-pressurized-fully refrigerated LPG carrier. On the basis of the assumption that a major accident occurs, various accident, scenarios were considered and assessed, which would impair the safety of the carrier. In a so-called Risk Matrix, in which accident frequencies versus the consequence of the scenarios are depicted, the calculated risks all appeared lo be in the ALARP('as low as reasonable practicable') region. A number of design alternatives were compared, both on safety merits and cost-effectiveness. The experience gained with this scenario-based approach will be used to establish a set of general requirements for safety assessment techniques in ship design. In the view that assessment results will be most probably presented in a quasi-quantified manner, the requirements are concerned with uniformity of both the safety assessment. These requirements make it possible that valid comparison between various assessment studies can be made. Safety assessment, founded on these requirements, provides a validated and helpful source of data during the coming years, and provides naval architects and engineers with tools experience and data for safety assessment procedures in ship design. However a lot of effort has to be spent in order to make the methods applicable in day-to-day practice.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2011

최근, 결정질 실리콘 태양전지 분야에서 저가격화와 공정의 단순화가 가장 중요한 부분으로 대두되고 있다. 특히 태양전지 가격의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 웨이퍼의 저가격화가 가장 큰 이슈로 떠오르면서, 웨이퍼의 저가격화를 실현하기 위한 최선의 방안으로 마이크로 블라스터를 이용한 재생웨이퍼 제작 방법이 대두되고 있다. 마이크로 블라스터를 이용하여 재생웨이퍼를 제작 할 경우, 표면의 요철이 형성되어 반사율이 감소되어 태양전지 내부로 입사하는 빛의 양을 증가시키는 긍정적인 효과가 있다. 또한, 공정비용이 저렴하여 태양전지 저가격화를 실현할 수 있다. 그러나, 마이크로 블라스터를 이용한 공정은 웨이퍼에 물리적인 충격을 주기 때문에 표면에 크랙이 형성되며 식각 잔여물들이 표면에 재흡착되는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점들을 보완하기 위하여 DRE (Damage Remove Etching)를 수행하였다. DRE 공정 후 반사율과 소수 반송자 수명을 측정하여 미세 파티클과 마이크로 크랙의 제거를 확인하였고, 태양전지를 제작하여 효율에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 마이크로 블라스터 공정 후 웨이퍼의 소수 반송자 수명은 Bare 웨이퍼에 비해 80% 정도 감소하였으나, DRE 공정 수행 후에는 50% 까지 증가하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 태양전지 효율을 비교해보면, DRE 공정을 수행한 웨이퍼의 경우 Bare 웨이퍼보다 약 1~2%, DRE 공정을 수행하지 않은 웨이퍼보다 약 3∼5% 증가했음을 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.594-603
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• 2019

대형항공사(Network Carrier)와 저원가항공사(Low Cost Carrier)의 양분화된 영업환경에서 승객의 서비스에 대한 다양한 요구와 항공사의 수입보존을 위해 대 내외적으로 무한 경쟁에 직면하고 있다. 이러한 환경 속에서 기업의 성과를 위해 21세기 지식정보화 사회를 맞이하여 기업들의 새로운 지식을 창출하고 활용하기 위한 노력은 기업의 장기적 생존을 결정하는 핵심적인 경쟁우위 도구로 간주되어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항공사 구성원의 조직문화유형, 지식공유 활동, 조직업무 효과성 사이의 총체적인 관점에서 어떠한 인과관계를 밝히고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 K와 A항공사에 사전협조를 구하여 종사자를 대상으로 자료 수집을 실시하였다. 연구 대상자는 K와 A항공사에 재직 중인 종사자를 대상으로 2019년 5월 1일부터 2019년 5월 17일까지 실시한 설문조사 450명의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 SPSS Statistics 22.0과 AMOS 22.0 통계프로그램을 사용하였으며, 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 항공사 구성원의 조직문화 유형이 지식공유에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, 창의혁신문화, 관계집단문화, 위계지향문화 모두 지식공유에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 항공사 구성원의 지식공유는 조직업무 효과성에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조직문화 중, 창의혁신문화, 관계집단문화, 위계지향문화 모두 조직업무 효과성에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 조직문화와 조직업무 효과성의 관계에서 지식공유는 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 향후 항공업계의 조직업무효과성 향상을 위해서는 지식공유의 역할을 제시하고, 지식공유를 위한 조직문화 형성의 틀 마련의 중요성을 제공해 주었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.105-106
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• 2008

Structural, optical and electrical properties of CdS films deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD), which are a very attractive method for low-cost and large-area solar cells, are presented. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is II-VI semiconductor with a wide band gap of approximately 2.42 eV. CdS films have a great application potential such as solar cell, optical detector and optoelectronics device. In this paper, effects of Rapid Thermal Process (RTP) on the properties of CdS films were investigated. The CdS films were prepared on a glass by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and subsequently annealed at standard temperature $(400^{\circ}C)$ and treatment time (10 min) in various atmospheres (air, vacuum and $N_2$). The CdS films treated RTP in $N_2$ for to min were showed larger grain size and higher carrier density than the other samples.