• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2019

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) is commonly called lotus and its leaves are widely been used as functional ingredients due to its antioxidant activity. For maximum efficacy, optimized extraction condition was established using response surface methodology. The high F-values, low p-values and insignificant p-value for lack-of-fit supported the fitness of the model and yielded the second-order polynomial regression for the antioxidant activity. The optimized extract was obtained by the extraction of 1 g of lotus leaves with 40 mL of 50% MeOH at $10.0^{\circ}C$, which exerted 70.1% antioxidant activity. Close correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity suggested phenolic compounds as active constituents of lotus leaves. In addition, comparison of different parts of lotus demonstrated the most potent antioxidant activity of flowers, followed by leaves and roots. Taken together, these results provide useful information about lotus leaves for the development as antioxidant ingredients. In addition, flowers and roots as well as leaves are suggested as good sources for antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2021

연잎(Nelumbo nucifera)의 60% (v/v) 에탄올 수용액 추출물의 항산화, 혈장 항응고 및 α-glucosidase 저해 효과를 in vitro에서 확인하였다. 연잎 추출물의 수율은 35.3±1.1%이었고, 폴리페놀 화합물 함량은 186.2±5.2 ㎍ gallic acid equivalents/mg으로 나타났다. 연잎 추출물은 농도에 비례하여 유리라디칼, 양이온라디칼 및 아질산염을 효과적으로 소거하였고 뛰어난 환원력을 보유하고 있었다. 또한 연잎 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 우수한 혈장 항응고 및 α-glucosidase 저해 활성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2010

In order to investigate the treatment efficiency of pollutants in free water surface constructed wetlands (FWS CWs) with lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) cultivation pond, the experiment was consisted of two sites (site I and II) in Lake Juam, Korea. The sites were configured a lotus cultivation pond (with fertilizer application) - a dropwort bed - a reed bed for site I, and a lotus cultivation pond (without fertilizer application) - a dropwort bed - a reed bed for site II. Removal rate of COD in site I and II were 13.3% and 26.0%, respectively. Removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) was 29.7% for site I, and 36.3% for site II. Removal rate of total phosphorus (TP) in site I and II were 36.0% and 36.5%, respectively. COD, TN and TP in effluent from site I (with fertilizer) was higher than that in site II (without fertilizer), showing that COD, TN and TP in effluent were strongly influenced by fertilizer addition. Therefore, in order to satisfy established water-quality standards, the amount of fertilizer used in lotus cultivation showed be evaluated.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2009

시중에 유통되고 있는 33종류의 식용유지를 대상으로 하여 benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene의 함량을 모니터링한 결과 압착올리브유 0.5-1.4 $\mu$g/kg, 혼합올리브유 0.6-1.0 $\mu$g/kg, 참기름 0.9-1.3 $\mu$g/kg, 대두유 0.6-3.3 $\mu$g/kg, 옥수수유 0.5-1.1 $\mu$g/kg, 해바라기유 1.2, 1.7 $\mu$g/kg, 홍화유 1.0, 2.1 $\mu$g/kg, 유지가공품 1.0, 1.4 $\mu$g/kg 수준으로 검출되었다. 대부분의 시료에는 benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene 기준치인 2.0 $\mu$g/kg를 초과하지 않았지만, 미국산 대두유와 미국산 홍화유에서 각각 3.3 $\mu$g/kg, 2.1 $\mu$g/kg로 두 종류에서 기준치 이상 검출되었다. Benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene은 식용유지로 제조되기 이전에 원재료가 오염되었거나, 가공공정, 환경으로부터 노출되는 등 노출경로는 다양하다. 정제과정인 deodorizing 과정이나, bleaching 과정에 의해서 benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene의 함량이 감소되며, 압착올리브유와 혼합올리브유의 실험결과에서 정제올리브유가 혼합되어 있는 혼합올리브유의 benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene의 함량이 낮게 나타났음을 확인할 수 있었다. Benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene의 함량은 연기성분에서도 영향을 받을 수 있으므로 원재료를 건조시키거나, 볶는 과정에서 밀폐된 상태로 진행하는 것보다 개방된 상태에서 진행하는 것이 benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene의 생성을 억제할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2009

백련과 홍련을 새로운 기능성 식품의 재료로 활용하기 위하여 잎과 뿌리로 구분한 후 화학성분을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 백련과 홍련 잎에서는 가용성 무질소물, 뿌리에서는 수분이 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 주요 무기성분으로는 K(380.44~1,516.34 mg/100g), Ca(36.67~1,323.92 mg/100g), P(84.02~473.13 mg/100g) 및 Na(57.73~304.07 mg/100g)이었으며, 가장 많이 함유되어 있는 유리당은 glucose 161.12~765.15 mg/100g) 및 fructose(100.57~901.12 mg/100g)였다. 백련과 홍련의 잎과 뿌리에 함유되어 있는 총아미노산 함량은 각각 6,385.57, 1,162.93, 6,003.01 및 1,242.20 mg/100g이었고, 백련과 홍련의 유리아미노산 조성은 각기 다른 것으로 나타났지만 주요 유리아미노산은 glutamic acid, phenylalanine arginine 및 tyrosine이었다. 백련 잎과 뿌리의 비타민 C함량은 각각 248.65 및 20.99 mg/100g이었으며, 홍련 잎과 뿌리의 비타민 C함량은 156.92 및 9.32 mg/100g이었다. 총 페놀화합물의 함량은 백련 잎에서 24.33 mg/g으로가장 높은 함량을 보였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1995

Lotus comiculatus, Lotus renuis및 이들 상호 교잡종 활력평가를 위한 방법으로 자엽 면적 측정 방법을 개발하고 엽의 전개와 유식물 생장관계를 조사하였다. 자엽을 식물체에서 떼어내지 않고 부착된 상태로 간단하고 신속하게 연속적으로 자엽면적을 측정할 수 있었다. 자엽은 출현후 첫주에는 매우 빠른 속도로 신장되다가 그 이후에는 서서히 신장되어 약 3주경에 최대 명적에 달하였다. 출현 당시의 자엽면적은 종자 크기와 상관관계가 많았으나(P=0.05), 출현 이후의 자엽 신장솔은 다양하였다. 광합성을 할 수 있는 면적 발생의 신속성은 벌노랑이의 유식물 생장에 결정적인 요인이 되었다. 교잡종 중에서$2{\times}m2$와 $1{\times}m2$는 벌로랑이의 유식물 활력증진을 위한 육종 가능성을 시사하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the pulping and papermaking characteristics of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) leafstalk for the development of high performance paper. Anatomical and chemical properties of the lotus leafstalk were analyzed. The pulping and papermaking properties of the lotus leafstalk by conventional alkali and sulfomethylated pulping processes were also evaluated. The length and width of fibers were 0.06-3.32 mm (av. 1.23 mm) and 3.47-25.6 ${\mu}m$ (av. 20.7 ${\mu}m$), respectively. The length and width of vessel elements were 0.07-0.78 mm (av. 0.20 mm) and 14.1-330.0 ${\mu}m$ (av. 54.13 ${\mu}m$), respectively. The fiber length/fiber width ratio was 60.20. The extractives (cold water, hot water, 1% NaOH and ethanol-benzene) and lignin content of lotus leafstalk were higher than those of plant bast fiber. The contents of holocellulose, lignin, and ash were 73.8%, 24.3%, and 4.3%, respectively. The pulp yields based on pulping methods were sulfomethylated pulping av. 52%, and alkaline pulping av. 42%. The conventional alkaline pulping shows better pulp and sheet properties than the sulfomethylated pulping which was modified pulping processes. But the sulfomethylated pulping shows higher brightness than alkali pulping. In the consequence of FE-SEM observation, lotus leafstalk pulp consists of various kinds of thin walled fibers which have large amount of small pits.

• 복식
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identity the representative flower patterns in the Joseon Dynasty and investigate their chronological transitions. In the early Joseon Dynasty (i.e. 16th century), lotus patterns were very popular. Often lotus patterns were twisted around by ivy-leaves or decorated with treasures pattern in the margin. In the mid Joseon Dynasty (i.e. from 17th to mid 18th century), however, lotus patterns evolved from the typical lotus and ivy pattern and diversified into four types. In the 19th century, lotus pattern almost disappeared from the textiles of everyday dresses and were only found in the textiles of formal dresses or in special cases as in the cover pages of Buddhist scriptures. Poeny patterns was rarely used in textiles of 16th century, presumably because of the huge popularity of the lotus pattern. However, suddenly in the 17th century, Poeny patterns appeared quite frequently. There were 3 types of Poeny patterns. Poeny patterns became more popular over the years and it finally became a primary motive in textiles patterns for 100 years starting in the late 19th century. There were two types of Poeny patterns : one was realistic and true to life even in sizes, the other was more symbolic. Textile patterns combining four kinds of flowers started to appear from the late Koryo Dynasty but Flower patterns representing four seasons with distinct shapes appeared only in the 17th century. They could be categorized into three types. In the late 18th century, Flower patterns representing four seasons no longer appears in textile patterns, presumably due to a new preference for lucky omen over natural motives.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2012

연잎효과는 연꽃의 잎에서 규명된 현상으로 표피세포에서 기원하는 미세구조에 의해 물방울이 잎 표면이나 내부조직에 침투하지 않고 경사면으로 흘러내리며 표면 위 먼지나 이물질을 함께 떨어지게 한다. 잎 표면을 항상 깨끗한 상태로 유지하는 자기정화 능력인 연잎효과에 대해서는 여러 영역에서 연구되고 다방면으로 응용되고 있으나 구조적인 측면에서 연잎을 생장단계별 또는 표피조직 부위별로 비교 조사한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 연잎과 줄기를 대상으로 생장단계별, 부위별 표피조직의 미세 표면구조를 연구하여 연잎효과 표면 특성을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 연잎효과는 미세돌기와 왁스결정체가 발달한 잎의 상피조직에서만 나타나고, 왁스결정체만 발달한 하피 및 줄기의 표피조직에서는 확인되지 않았다. 이는 미세돌기의 발달이 연잎효과를 나타내는데 가장 중요한 요인이고, 왁스결정체가 돌기표면 위에 축적되면 연잎효과는 더 증가하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2016

This study aimed to examine the nutrient utilization of rump round meat and lotus root using young (32 wk) and aged hens (108 wk) as an animal model. Rump round meat and lotus root were prepared with or without enzymatic treatment. For each age group of laying hens, a total of 24 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allotted to one of two dietary treatments with six replicates. For rump round meat, the true total tract retention rate (TTTR) of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) were unaffected by either enzymatic treatment or hen age. However, aged hens had greater (p<0.01) TTTR of energy and crude fat than young hens. Enzymatic treatment did not influence the TTTR of energy or crude fat. In addition, we did not observe any significant interaction between the TTTR of DM, energy, N, or crude fat in rump round meat and hen age or enzymatic treatment. The TTTR of DM remained unchanged between controls and enzyme-treated lotus root for young hens. However, enzyme-treated lotus root exhibited greater (p<0.05) TTTR of DM than control lotus root for aged hens, resulting in a significant interaction (p<0.05). The TTTR of energy and N in lotus roots were greater (p<0.01) for aged hens than for young hens. In conclusion, enzymatic treatment exerted beneficial effects on energy and nutrient utilization in aged hens, suggesting the aged hen model is practical for simulation of metabolism of elderly individuals.