• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 1980

A system of conditional sampling plans composed of three stages is developed. In the first stage, the decision to accept or reject the lot is based on the information obtained from the current lot. When a decision is not made in the first stage, a second stage is introduced and the information from the immediately preceding lot as well as the information from the current lot is used for the decision. When a decision is not made in the first stage, a second stage is introduced and the information from the immediately preceding lot as well as the information from the current lot is used for the decision. When a decision is not made in the second stage either, the decision is deferred until the information from the immediately following lot is obtained. Existing tables for constructing double sampling plans with $_2$=$2n_1$ can be used to find the parameters of these plans. These sampling plans can bring sizable savings in the amount of inspection when the process is relatively stable. The response delay to the change in process quality and the deferred events may be considered as shortcomings of these plans. However, these are not serious in practical applications, and the reduction in sample size may more than offset these shortcomings.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.678-681
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• 2004

In this paper, efficient tracking of a moving object using optimal representative blocks is implemented by a mobile robot with a pan-tilt camera. The key idea comes from the fact that when the image size of moving object is shrunk in an image frame according to the distance between the camera of mobile robot and the moving object, the tracking performance of a moving object can be improved by changing the size of representative blocks according to the object image size. Motion estimation using Edge Detection(ED) and Block-Matching Algorithm(BMA) is often used in the case of moving object tracking by vision sensors. However these methods often miss the real-time vision data since these schemes suffer from the heavy computational load. In this paper, the optimal representative block that can reduce a lot of data to be computed, is defined and optimized by changing the size of representative block according to the size of object in the image frame to improve the tracking performance. The proposed algorithm is verified experimentally by using a two degree-of-freedom active camera mounted on a mobile robot.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.192-193
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• 2006

A 16Mb ITIC FeRAM device was fabricated with BLT capacitors. The average value of the switchable 2 polarization obtained m the 32k-array (unit capacitor size: 068 ${mu}m^2$) capacitors was about 16 ${\mu}C/cm^2$ at 3V and the uniformity within an 8-inch wafer was about 2.8%. But a lot of cells were failed randomly during the measuring the bit-line signal of each cell. It was revealed that the Grain size and orientation of the BLT thin film were severely non-uniform. Therefore, the uniformity of the grain size and orientation was improved by changing the process conditions of post heat treatment. The temperature of nucleation step was the very effective on varying the microstructure of the BLT thin film. The optimized temperature of the nucleation step was $560^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.844-852
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• 2017

Since guided weapon is high-cost and one-shot device which is non-reusable, it requires a lot of resources to prove required accuracy as a part of reliability demonstration. Once a test for proving accuracy rate of guided missile fails, it causes an additional cost and delay of schedule. This study introduces an equation for proper sample size and plan for guided-missile accuracy rate test in order to minimize the risk of test failure. Proper sample size for the test is derived by considering the reliability growth. Furthermore, each task for accuracy rate test is defined according to the development step. Therefore, this study can contribute to reduce sample size for accuracy rate test in order to meet the reliability requirement and assure transparency in the test process.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2007

This paper expands an analytical performance model of 802.11 to accurately estimate throughput and energy demand of 802.11-based wireless sensor network (WSN) when sensor nodes employ Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, one of block forward error correction (FEC) techniques. This model evaluates these two metrics as a function of the channel bit error rate (BER) and the RS symbol size. Since the basic recovery unit of RS codes is a symbol not a bit, the symbol size affects the WSN performance even if each packet carries the same amount of FEC check bits. The larger size is more effective to recover long-lasting error bursts although it increases the computational complexity of encoding and decoding RS codes. For applying the extended model to WSNs, this paper collects traffic traces from a WSN consisting of two TIP50CM sensor nodes and measures its energy consumption for processing RS codes. Based on traces, it approximates WSN channels with Gilbert models. The computational analyses confirm that the adoption of RS codes in 802.11 significantly improves its throughput and energy efficiency of WSNs with a high BER. They also predict that the choice of an appropriate RS symbol size causes a lot of difference in throughput and power waste over short-term durations while the symbol size rarely affects the long-term average of these metrics.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.867-873
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find analytic solution of determining the optimal capacity (lot-size) of multiproduct acyclic multistage production and inventory system to meet the finished product demand under the constraint of finite intermediate storage. Intermediate storage is a practical way to mitigate the material flow imbalance through the line of supply and demand chain. However, the cost of constructing and operating storage facilities is becoming substantial because of increasing land value, environmental and safety concern. Therefore, reasonable decision-making about the capacity of processes and storage units is an important subject for industries. The industrial solution for this subject is to use the classical economic lot sizing method, EOQ/EPQ(Economic Order Quantity/Economic Production Quantity) model, incorporated with practical experience. But EOQ/EPQ model is not suitable for the chemical plant design with highly interlinked processes and storage units because it is developed based on single product and single stage. This study overcomes the limitation of the classical lot sizing method. The superstructure of the plant consists of the network of serially and/or parallelly interlinked non-continuous processes and storage units. The processes transform a set of feedstock materials into another set of products with constant conversion factors. A novel production and inventory analysis method, PSW(Periodic Square Wave) model, is applied to describe the detail material flows among equipments. The objective function of this study is minimizing the total cost composed of setup and inventory holding cost. The advantage of PSW model comes from the fact that the model provides a set of simple analytic solutions in spite of realistic description of the material flows between processes and storage units. the resulting simple analytic solution can greatly enhance the proper and quick investment decision for the preliminary plant design problem confronted with economic situation.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.99-118
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• 2006

We have focused on the building appearance according to the change of conservation policy and urban fabric in Bukchon, Seoul. The Urban Hanok, urban traditional housing type, had been evolved in modern contort from 1920's to 1960's, that is to say, many buildings(Urban Hanok) in Bukchon area has built up with a lot and road at the same time. But the change of conservation policy has an effect on the urban fabric and building(wooden structure, RC and brick building). Thus many types of building in Bukchon has undergone a various change. The purpose of this paper is to define a change factor of Bukchon buildings. Thus we need to pay attention to policy and urban fabric. We reached the result as follows. First, the change of architecture regulations according to the several policies(an aesthetic area, an altitude area for sky line restriction and so on) brought into building deformation and eventually the historic scenery of Bukchon has been spoiled. Second, the change of policy had an effect on the change of roads and lots. Buildings on a widen road and a united lot was built newly. But new buildings built up with a concrete or brick structure was not in harmony with the historic scenery of Bukchon area. Third, a development method of a large lot with lack prudence(disregarded a scale and size of lot) did damage to Urban hanok and urban fabric. With the understanding on the relationship of buildings, a urban fabric and a policy in Bukchon, we can define the identity and correspond with the urgent request for a the conservation of historic urban scenery In addition we can suggest the policy and the design guidelines for the reservation and rehabilitation for Bukchon, Seoul.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.233-242
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• 2015

This paper analyzes a multi-product inbound lot-sizing and outbound dispatching problem with multi-vehicle types in a third-party logistics distribution center. The product must be delivered to the customers within the delivery time window and backlogging is not allowed. Replenishing orders are shipped by several types of vehicles with two types of the freight costs, i.e., uniform and decreasing, are considered. The objective of this study is to determine the lot-size and dispatching schedules to minimize the total cost with the sum of inbound and outbound transportation and inventory costs over the entire time horizon. In this study, we mathematically derive a mixed-integer programming model and propose a genetic algorithm (GA1) based on a local search heuristic algorithm to solve large-scale problems. In addition, we suggest a new genetic algorithm (GA2) with an adjusting algorithm to improve the performance of GA1. The basic mechanism of the GA2 is to provide an unidirectional partial move of products to available containers in the previous period. Finally, we analyze the results of GA1 and GA2 by evaluate the relative performance using the gap between the objective values of CPLEX and the each algorithm.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.956-962
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• 2005

This paper presents an integrated analysis of production and financing decisions. We assume that a cash storage unit is installed to manage the cash flows related with production activities such as raw material procurement, process operating setup, Inventory holding cost and finished product sales. Temporarily financial investments are allowed for more profit. The production plant is modeled by the Batch-Storage Network with Recycle Streams in Yi and Reklaitis (2003). The objective function of the optimization is minimizing the opportunity costs of annualized capital investment and cash/material inventory while maximizing stockholder's benefit. No depletion of all the material and cash storage units is major constraints of the optimization. A novel production and inventory analysis formulation, the PSW(Periodic Square Wave) model, provides useful expressions for the upper/lower bounds and average level of the cash and material inventory holdups. The expressions for the Kuhn-Tucker conditions of the optimization problem can be reduced to two subproblems and analytical lot sizing equations under a mild assumption about the cash flow pattern of stockholder's dividend. The first subproblem is a separable concave minimization network flow problem whose solution yields the average material flow rates through the networks. The second subproblem determines the decisions about financial Investment. Finally, production and financial transaction lot sizes and startup times can be determined by analytical expressions as far as the average flow rates are calculated. The optimal production lot and storage sizes considering financial factors are smaller than those without such consideration. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the results obtainable using this approach.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.932-940
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• 2011

This paper presents an integrated analysis of supply chain and financing decisions of multi-national corporation. We construct a model in which multiple currency storage units are installed to manage the currency flows associated with multi-national supply chain activities such as raw material procurement, process operation, inventory control, transportation and finished product sales. Core contribution of this study is to quantitatively investigate the influence of macroscopic economic factors such as exchange rates and taxes on operational decisions. The supply chain is modeled by the Process-Storage Network with recycle streams. The objective function of the optimization is minimizing the opportunity costs of annualized capital investments and currency/material inventories minus the benefit to stockholders interpreted by home currency. The major constraints of the optimization are that the material and currency storage units must not be depleted. A production and inventory analysis formulation, the periodic square wave (PSW) model, provides useful expressions for the upper/lower bounds and average levels of the currency and material inventory holdups. The expressions for the Kuhn-Tucker conditions of the optimization problem are reduced to a subproblem and analytical lot sizing equations. The procurement, production, transportation and financial transaction lot sizes can be determined by analytical expressions after the average flow rates are already known. We show that, when corporate income tax is taken into consideration, the optimal production lot and storage sizes are smaller than is the case when such factors are not considered typically by 20 %.