• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.175-185
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• 2017

As the gas is manufactured, handled and used more often due to the continuous increase of gas, the related facility gets expanded and more complex causing small and big accident which causes economic loss including damage for humans and materials. The gas pipeline, the most common gas facility, has the biggest risk of accidents. Especially in the urban area and densely populated areas, the accident due to the high pressure pipeline may cause even more serious damages. To prevent the accident caused by the buried pipeline, it is required for the relevant authorities to evaluate the damage and risk of the whole pipeline system effectively. A risk is usually defined as a possibility or probability of an undesired event happening, and there is always a risk even when the probability of failure is set low once the pipeline is installed or under operation. It is reported that the accident caused by the failure of the pipeline rarely happens, however, it is important to minimize the rate of accidents by analyzing the reason of failure as it could cause a huge damage of humans and property. Therefore, the paper rated the risk of pipelines with quantitative numbers using the qualitative risk analysis method of the Scoring Model. It is assumed that the result could be effectively used for practical maintenance and management of pipelines securing the safety of the pipes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2016

Excessive occlusal wear can result in unacceptable damage to the residual teeth structure, anterior guidance and masticatory function. An 86-year-old man presented with worn dentition and anterior deep bite due to loss of the posterior support. Two implants covered by Korean national health insurance, fixed partial denture and direct composite resin were used to restore the dentition, instead of removable prosthesis. The occlusal vertical dimension was increased by 2 mm in the premolar area and shortened dental arch concept was applied. This treatment was a less expensive alternative to full-mouth rehabilitation with positive esthetic and functional outcomes after 7 months of follow-up.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.362-375
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• 2012

Tourist hotels are equipped with facilities such as accommodation and restaurants, exercise, recreation. Unspecified guests, visitors and management of tourist hotels are very vulnerable on the casualties and property losses due to fire peril exist. In this study, we analysis that the fire statistics status of tourist hotels from 2001 to 2010. And the 15 cases of a large hotel fire are reviewed. The total number of fires on hotel are consist of a hotel rooms fire(33.2%), a restaurant kitchen fire(11.8%). And the major causes of the fire are an electrical fire (40.8%), a cigarette fire (14.5%) and a hot-work fire (9.2%). In case study, the fire wall defect and combustible materials are major fire loss causes for 10year. Each tourist hotels are needed a development of suitable fire risk management and a field operations. A hotel is required an active fire risk management on a preventive inspection, an education and training, and a preventive maintenance. It is necessary that a fire wall maintenance to prevent of the spread of a fire and a sprinkler installation of whole area to protect fire. And it is very important an emergency response for evacuation of guest, and operate emergency procedures on a fire or emergency situation.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2010

The artificial rains having different pH and weathering simulation test were performed for Gyeongju Namsan granite and dacitic tuff to predict the role of acid rain in the deterioration of stone monuments located in Gyeongju area. The pH 4.0 rain reacted with the fresh granite showed near neutral pH at the early stage due to the hydrolysis of minerals in the rock surface. But the pH changed back to the initial pH in the later stage. On the other hand, the pH 5.6 rain showed the neutral pH for a longer time than the experiment with pH 4.0 rain, reflecting slower reaction of minerals due to the weaker acidity. When the pH 5.6 rain reacted with the weathered granite, the water showed neutral pH longer than the case of the fresh granite. The similar tendencies were observed in the experiment of dacitic tuff, except that the pH 4.0 rain reacted with dacitic tuff took a longer time to go back to the initial pH as compared with the case of granite. These results may due to the differences in mineral composition and texture of two rocks. Dacitic tuff contains more fine-grained or glassy groundmass than granite and is more reactive with weaker acid rain. It was predicted that the weight loss and strength decrease rate of dacitic tuff would be approximatetly twice relative to those of granite in the same experimental environment.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

Mycelial browning, which protects the organism from contamination and moisture loss, is essential for sawdust cultivation of Lentinula edodes. The effects of light and light wavelengths on the mycelial browning of the L. edodes Sanjo 701ho strain, and the characteristics of its brown hyphae, were investigated. After the mycelia were cultured on potato dextrose agar medium under fluorescent lamps covered with colored cellophane filters (red, green, and blue) or under light emitted diodes (LED), with wavelengths ranging from 400 to 700 nm (far-red, red, green, and blue), for 14 h per day for 40 days, the mycelial browning rate was measured. The wavelength of fluorescent lamps, which range from 300 to 1,100 nm, was reduced to 360 to 1,022 nm with the use of three colored cellophane filters and the photosynthetic photon flux density was reduced by 42 to 71 % depending on the light wavelength. The browning rate by colony area of mycelia exposed to light was at an average of 64 %, whereas, that of unexposed mycelia was only 5 %. The browning rate was 0.02 % in far-red, 1.5 % in red, 53.8 % in green, 57.3 % in blue, and 64.0 % in fluorescent light. The white mycelia were resilient with actively growing hyphae, filled with cytoplasm, and thin cell walls less than $1{\mu}m$ thick. Conversely, the brown mycelia possessed dead, hard hyphal structures without cytoplasm, but with approximately $2-4{\mu}m-thick$-thick cell walls. In conclusion, lights of varying wavelengths, especially short-wavelength LEDs, are effective for forming dead, brown mycelia of L. edodes, thus, forming a protective functional layer for its living white mycelia.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the experience and perception among adult women regarding weight control and the consumption of weight-control foods or health functional foods based on their body mass index (BMI). Methods: The subjects were 634 adult women from the Chungcheong province, Korea, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from July 2021 through September 2021. The subjects were divided into four groups based on their BMI status: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m², 7.6%), normal weight (18.5 ~ 22.9 kg/m², 53.3%), overweight (23 ~ 24.9 kg/m², 19.7%), and obese (≥ 25 kg/m², 19.4%). Results: Over the past 3 years, almost two-thirds (68.6%) of the adult women had tried weight control measures, despite the fact that a significant proportion of them were normal or underweight. More importantly, 57.6% of subjects reported the consumption of weight-control foods, with a lower proportion in the underweight (35.4%) group compared to the normal (56.2%), overweight (62.4%), and obese (65.0%) groups. The food items used for weight control were mostly salads, chicken breasts, low fat (soy) milk, slimming tea, protein shakes, low-calorie cereals, and energy/protein bars among others. In addition, one-third (31.1%) of the subjects reported the use of health functional foods containing ingredients for fat reduction. A significantly higher proportion of these was from the overweight (36.0%) and obese (38.2%) groups compared to the underweight (20.8%) and normal weight (28.1%) groups. Products containing Garcinia cambogia extract, green tea, or Cissus extract, were popular among users. Subjects who were obese had a poorer perception of their health and body. Most subjects felt the need for correct information regarding weight control, but this number was significantly more in the higher BMI groups. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the use of weight-control foods or health functional foods is popular among adult women, especially those who are obese. Thus, nutrition education courses covering facts about weight control and practice need to be developed and provided based on the BMI status of subjects.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2005

Waste of the hydroponic solution from the plastic film house cultivation was recycled to grow the red pepper(Capsicum annum L.) in upland fields as supplement for plant nutrients and irrigation sources. Application of hydroponic waste solution increased the pH and EC of the soils, coupled with the increases in the concentrations of exchangeable cations(Ca, Mg, and K), total nitrogen, $NH_4-N,\;and\;NO_3-N$. Growth and yield of red pepper were highest when the treatment of chemical fertilizer(70%) was combined with hydroponic waste solution(30%). Amounts of the daily producing hydroponic waste solution were 2,880 L $ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ from the experimental facilities and this could irrigate $409.86m^2$ of area to compensate for the amount of water loss by evapotranspiration(3%). The overall results demonstrated that hydroponic waste solution could be recycled as plant nutrients and irrigation water resources for enhancing soil fertility and environmental quality.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 2015

Technologies of wind power generation for development of alternative energy technology have been accumulated over the past 20 years. Wind power generation is environmentally friendly and economical because it uses the wind blowing in nature as energy resource. In order to operate wind power generation efficiently, it is necessary to accurately predict wind speed changing every moment in nature. It is important not only averagely how well to predict wind speed but also to minimize the largest absolute error between real value and prediction value of wind speed. In terms of generation operating plan, minimizing the largest absolute error plays an important role for building flexible generation operating plan because the difference between predicting power and real power causes economic loss. In this paper, we propose a method of wind speed prediction using numeric prediction algorithm-based wind speed forecast model made to analyze the wind speed forecast given by the Meteorological Administration and pattern value for considering seasonal property of wind speed as well as changing trend of past wind speed. The wind speed forecast given by the Meteorological Administration is the forecast in respect to comparatively wide area including wind generation farm. But it contributes considerably to make accuracy of wind speed prediction high. Also, the experimental results demonstrate that as the rate of wind is analyzed in more detail, the greater accuracy will be obtained.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.483-496
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to describe how Korean nurses overcome the language barrier while working in the U.S. hospital settings. Twelve Korean nurses living in New York metropolitan area were asked open-ended, descriptive questions to collect the data. The interviews were done in Korean. All interviews were audiotaped under the permission of the participants and were transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using grounded theory analysis. The research process consisted of two phases. In the first phase 8 Korean nurses were interviewed and analyzed. In the second phase, further data were collected to verify categories and working hypotheses that were emerged from the first phase. The results of this study show that all Korean nurses experienced severe psychological stress such as confusion, anxiety, frustration, loss of self-confidence, embarrassment, guilt, depression, anger, and fear. Among the mode of communication such as listening, speaking, leading, and writing, they had the most difficulty in speaking. Speaking ability was especially important for them because of the emphasis of individualism and self-defense in the U.S. Among the verbal communication modes, non-face-to-face communications such as phone conversation and body language were the most difficu1t for them to overcome. It took at least 2 years for the participants to initially overcome the language barrier in U.S. hospitals. After 2-5 years they began to feel comfortable even in non-face-to-face communication. They could actively search for the better place to work after 5 years. They finally felt comfortable in English and in their job almost after 10 years. The factors that influenced the English improvement were ‘the years of clinical experience in Korea’, ‘the decade they came to the U.S.’ ‘coming to U.S. alone or with other Korean nurses’, ‘racial homogeneity or heterogeneity of the working unit’, and ‘the degree of social support’. The strategies Korean nurses used to overcome the language barrier included depending on the written communication, using ‘nunchi’, working and studying hard, and establishing good interpersonal relationships with co-workers. They also employed assertive behavior of the U.S., such as using more explicit verbal language and employing smiles and eye contact with others during the conversation. The results of the study may help Korean nurses and nursing students who try to work in U.S. hospital settings by understanding problems other Korean nurses faced, factors that influenced their English improvement, and strategies they used. They may also help U.S. nurses and administrators in developing and implementing efficient programs for newly employed Korean nurses by understanding major problems and feelings the Korean nurses experienced and strategies they used to overcome the language barriers.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.411-422
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• 2015

This paper presents an overview of the geological environment investigation and underwater acoustic measurements for the purpose of "Study on the Relationship between the Geological Environment and Acoustic Propagation in Shallow Water", which are jointly carried out by KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) and Hanyang University in the western shallow water off the Taean peninsula in the Yellow Sea in April-May 2013. The experimental site was made up of various sediment types and bedforms due to the strong tidal currents and coastal geomorphological characteristics. The geological characteristics of the study area were intensively investigated using multi-beam echo sounder, sub-bottom profiler, sparker system and grab sampler. Acoustic measurements with a wide range of research topics in a frequency range of 20~16,000 Hz: 1) low frequency sound propagation, 2) mid-frequency bottom loss, 3) spatial coherence analysis of ambient noise, and 4) mid- frequency bottom backscattering were performed using low- and mid-frequency sound sources and vertical line array. This paper summarizes the topics that motivated the experiment, methodologies of the acoustic measurements, and acoustic data analysis based on the measured geological characteristics, and describes summary results of the geological, meteorological, and oceanographic conditions found during the experiments.