• Title/Summary/Keyword: Lorentz

Search Result 301, Processing Time 0.022 seconds

Growth Properties of Sputtered ZnO Thin Films Affected by Oxygen Partial Pressure Ratio (산소분압비에 따른 ZnO 박막의 성장특성)

  • Kang, Man-Il;Kim, Moon-Won;Kim, Yong-Gi;Ryu, Ji-Wook;Jang, Han-O
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
    • /
    • v.17 no.3
    • /
    • pp.204-210
    • /
    • 2008
  • ZnO thin films were grown on a glass by RF sputtering system with RF power 100W and oxygen partial pressure of $0%{/sim}30%$. Elliptic constants were measured by using a phase modulated spectroscopic ellipsometer and analyzed with the Tauc-Lorentz dispersion formula and best fit method in the range of 1.5 to 3.8eV. Also, scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used for the analysis of surface crystallization condition. From elliptic constants spectra, optical constants, thickness and roughness of ZnO films were evaluated. Total thickness of ZnO films obtained by ellipsometry showed good agreement with SEM data. It was found that the grain size of the films were getting smaller with increasing oxygen partial pressure. Band-gap of ZnO films increase with the oxygen partial pressure. These findings clearly indicate that optical properties of ZnO films are strongly dependent on the oxygen partial pressure. It could be explained that increasing the oxygen partial pressure induced high crystalline imperfection in the ZnO films.

The Geometry of the Space of Symmetric Bilinear Forms on ℝ2 with Octagonal Norm

  • Kim, Sung Guen
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
    • /
    • v.56 no.3
    • /
    • pp.781-791
    • /
    • 2016
  • Let $d_*(1,w)^2 ={\mathbb{R}}^2$ with the octagonal norm of weight w. It is the two dimensional real predual of Lorentz sequence space. In this paper we classify the smooth points of the unit ball of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$. We also show that the unit sphere of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$ is the disjoint union of the sets of smooth points, extreme points and the set A as follows: $$S_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}=smB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}extB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}A$$, where the set A consists of $ax_1x_2+by_1y_2+c(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)$ with (a = b = 0, $c={\pm}{\frac{1}{1+w^2}}$), ($a{\neq}b$, $ab{\geq}0$, c = 0), (a = b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$ < ${\mid}a{\mid}$), ($a{\neq}{\mid}c{\mid}$, a = -b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$), ($a={\frac{1-w}{1+w}}$, b = 0, $c={\frac{1}{1+w}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w+w(w^2-3)c}{1+w^2}}$, $b={\frac{w-1+(1-3w^2)c}{w(1+w^2)}}$, ${\frac{1}{2+2w}}$ < c < ${\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}}$, $c{\neq}{\frac{1}{1+2w-w^2}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{-1+(1+w)c}{w(1+w)}}$, 0 < c < $\frac{1}{2+2w}$) or ($a={\frac{1=w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{1-(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $\frac{1}{1+w}$ < c < $\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}$).

Robust Intelligent Digital Redesign of Nonlinear System with Parametric Uncertainties (불확실성을 갖는 비선형 시스템의 강인한 지능형 디지털 재설계)

  • Sung, Hwa-Chang;Joo, Young-Hoon;Park, Jin-Bae
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
    • /
    • v.16 no.2
    • /
    • pp.138-143
    • /
    • 2006
  • This paper presents intelligent digital redesign method for hybrid state space fuzzy-model-based controllers. For effectiveness and stabilization of continuous-time uncertain nonlinear systems under discrete-time controller, Takagi-Sugeno(TS) fuzzy model is used to represent the complex system. And global approach design problems viewed as a convex optimization problem that we minimize the error of the norm bounds between nonlinearly interpolated linear operators to be matched. Also, by using the bilinear and inverse bilinear approximation method, we analyzed nonlinear system's uncertain parts more precisely. When a sampling period is sufficiently small, the conversion of a continuous-time structured uncertain nonlinear system to an equivalent discrete-time system have proper reason. Sufficiently conditions for the global state-matching of the digitally controlled system are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a TS fuzzy model for the chaotic Lorentz system is used as an . example to guarantee the stability and effectiveness of the proposed method.

A Dispersive APML using Piecewise Linear Recursive Convolution for FDTD Method (FDTD법을 이용하여 분산매질을 고려하기 위한 PLRC-APML 기법)

  • Lee Jung-Yub;Lee Jeong-Hae;Kang No-Weon;Jung Hyun-Kyo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
    • /
    • v.15 no.10 s.89
    • /
    • pp.977-982
    • /
    • 2004
  • In this paper, a dispersive anisotropic perfectly matched layer(APML) is proposed using piecewise linear recursive convolution(PLRC) for finite difference time domain(FDTD) methods. This proposed APML can be utilized for the analysis of a nonlinear dispersive medium as absorbing boundary condition(ABC). The formulation is simple modification to the original AMPL and can be easily implemented. Also it has some advantages of the PLRC approach-fast speed, low memory cost, and easy formulation of multiple pole susceptibility. We applied this APML to 2-D propagation problems in dispersive media such as Debye and Lorentz media The results showed good absorption at boundaries.

PSPICE analysis of the Lorenz circuit using the MOS resistor (MOS 가변저항을 이용한 로렌츠 회로의 PSPICE 해석)

  • Ji, Sung-Hyun;Kim, Boo-Kang;Nam, Sang-Guk;Nguyen, Van Ha;Park, Yong Su;Song, Han Jung
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.16 no.2
    • /
    • pp.1348-1354
    • /
    • 2015
  • In this paper, chaotic circuit of the voltage controlled Lorentz system for engineering applications has been designed and implemented in an electronic circuit. The proposed circuit consists of MOS variable resistor, multipliers, capacitors, fixed resistors and operational amplifiers. The circuit was analysed by PSPICE program. PSPICE simulation results show that chaotic dynamics of the circuit can be controlled by the MOS variable resistor through time series analysis, frequency analysis and phase diagrams. Also, we implemented the proposed circuit in an electronic hardware system with discrete elements. Measured results of the circuit showed controllability of the circuit using the MOS resistor.

Nonlinear Interaction between the Permeable Submerged Breakwater and Third Order Stokes Waves (사석잠제와 Stokes 3차파와의 비선형간섭에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Yeon-Tae
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
    • /
    • v.31 no.3
    • /
    • pp.223-234
    • /
    • 1998
  • Recently, the interests of the construction of the permeable submerged breakwaters have been increased to preserve and to improve the coastal environment, and to control the incident waves and littoral transport. It is very important to predict the wave transformation precisely over the permeable submerged breakwaters. This study discusses nonlinear wave transformation and characteristics by using BEM based on the frequency domain method of the 3rd-order Stokes waves. The Dupuit-Forchheimer formula is applied to the analysis of the fluid resistance of rubble stones, and the equation about equivalent linear frictional coefficient is newly modified based on the Lorentz's condition for the equivalent work. The numerical results are compared with the experimental ones for verification. These two results give a close agreement each other. It is confirmed that the present method of the 3rd-order Stokes waves estimates more precisely than that of the 2nd-order Stokes waves.

  • PDF

Optimal design of a Linear Active Magnetic Bearing using Halbach magnet array for Magnetic levitation (자기부상용 Halbach 자석 배열을 이용한 선형 능동자기 베어링의 최적설계)

  • Lee, Hakjun;Ahn, Dahoon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.22 no.1
    • /
    • pp.792-800
    • /
    • 2021
  • This paper presents a new structure for a linear active magnetic bearing using a Halbach magnet array. The proposed magnetic bearing consisted of a Halbach magnet array, center magnet, and single coil. The proposed linear active magnetic bearing has a high dynamic force compared to the previous study. The high dynamic force could be obtained by varying the thickness of a horizontally magnetized magnet. The new structure of Halbach linear active magnetic bearing has a high dynamic force. Therefore, the proposed linear active magnetic bearing increased the bandwidth of the system. Magnetic modeling and optimal design of the new structure of the Halbach linear active magnetic bearing were performed. The optimal design was executed on the geometric parameters of the proposed linear active magnetic bearing using Sequential Quadratic Programming. The proposed linear active magnetic bearing had a static force of 45.06 N and a Lorentz force constant of 19.54 N/A, which is higher than previous research.

Design and simulation of 500 MHz single cell superconducting RF cavity for SILF

  • Yanbing Sun;Wei Ma;Nan Yuan;Yulin Ge;Zhen Yang;Liping Zou;Liang Lu
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • v.56 no.1
    • /
    • pp.195-206
    • /
    • 2024
  • Shenzhen Innovation Light source Facility (SILF) is a 3.0 GeV fourth generation diffraction limited synchrotron light source currently under construction in Shenzhen. The SILF storage ring is proposed to use two 500 MHz single cell superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities to provide 2.4 MV RF voltage. In this study, we examined the geometric structure of mature CESR superconducting cavities and adopted a beam-pipe-type extraction scheme for high-order modes (HOM). One of the objectives of SRF cavity design and optimization in this study is to reduce Ep/Eacc and Bp/Eacc as much as possible to reduce power loss and ensure stable operation of the cavity. To reduce the risk of beam instability and thermal breakdown, the HOM and Multipacting (MP) are simulated. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the cavity are analyzed, including frequency sensitivity from pressure of liquid helium (LHe), stress, tuning, Lorentz force detuning (LFD), the microphone effect, and buckling. By comprehensive design and optimization of 500 MHz single-cell SRF cavities, a superconducting cavity for SILF storage ring was developed. This paper will detailed present the design and simulation.

PROJECTIONS OF PSEUDOSPHERE IN THE LORENTZ 3-SPACE

  • Birman, Graciela S.;Desideri, Graciela M.
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
    • /
    • v.44 no.3
    • /
    • pp.483-492
    • /
    • 2007
  • In this paper, we study the map projections from pseudo-sphere $S_1^2$ onto the non-lightlike surfaces in the 3-dimensional Lorentzian space, $L^3$, with curvature zero. We show geometrical means and properties of $\mathbb{R}{\times}S_1^1-cylindrical$, $S^1{\times}L-cylindrical$ and $\mathbb{R}{\times}H_0^1-cylindrical$ projections defined on $S_1^2$ to cylinders $\mathbb{R}{\times}S_1^1,\;S^1{\times}L$ and $\mathbb{R}{\times}H_0^1$, respectively, and orthographic and stereographic projections on $S_1^2$ to Lorentzian plane, $L^2$.

Computational Analysis of Fluid Flow and Temperature Distribution in a Galvanizing Bath Heated by Channel Inductors (Inductor 에 의해 가열된 용융 아연 도금욕 내의 유동과 온도 분포 계산)

  • Han, Kyung-A;Park, Hwa-Soo;Nam, Sung-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
    • /
    • 2007.05b
    • /
    • pp.2654-2659
    • /
    • 2007
  • Fluid flow and temperature distribution inside a molten zinc bath were investigated by computational fluid dynamics method. Modeling the channel inductor where alternating current of 60Hz was applied, Lorentz force and generated heat were obtained and later supplemented as source terms to momentum and heat equations. The present work validates CFD technique is effectively adopted when the inductor hardware modification or its configuration is considered for the optimum flows.

  • PDF