• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2006

An automatic sample centering system is underway at the protein crystallography beam line of the Pohang Light Source to improve the efficiency of the crystal screening process. A sample pin which contains a protein crystal is mounted on a goniometer head. Then the crystal should be moved to the center of X-ray beam by controlling the motorized goniometer to obtain diffraction data. Since the X-ray beam is located at the center of the image obtained from the CCD camera when the image of the sample pin is in focus, an auto-focusing algorithm is a very important part in the auto-sample-centering system. However the results of applying several well-known auto focusing algorithms directly to the images are not satisfactory owing to the following factors: misalignment of CCD camera, non-uniform cryo-stream in the background of the image and the supporter of the loop. The performance of an auto-focusing algorithm can be increased if the algorithm is applied to only the loop region identified. Non-uniform cryo-stream and a various illumination condition and a stain, which is shown in the image, are main obstacles to loop region identification. In this paper, a simple loop region identification algorithm, which can solve these problems, is proposed and the effective ness of the proposed scheme is shown by applying the auto-focusing algorithm to the loop region identified.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2687-2689
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• 2000

In many cases the systems are so complex that it is not possible to obtain reasonable models using physical insight. Also a model based on physical insight contains a number of unknown parameters even if the structure is derived from physical laws. These problems can be solved by system identification. In this paper, Arago's disk system which has both stable and unstable regions is selected as an example for identification and a state-space model is identified using tailor-made model structure of this system. In stable region, a state-space model of Arago's disk system is identified through open loop experiment and a state-space model of unstable region is identified through closed loop experiment after using fuzzy controller to stabilize unstable system.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1859-1866
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• 2010

우리나라는 세계 녹용 생산량의 80% 이상을 소비한다. 하지만, 중국산, 뉴질랜드산 녹용과 수입이 금지된 북미산 녹용이 원용이라고 불리는 고가의 러시아산 녹용으로 둔갑 판매, 유통되는 문제가 다수 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 녹용의 원산지 동정 기술을 개발하고자 러시아, 중국, 뉴질랜드 및 북미산 녹용으로부터 미토콘드리아 D-loop 영역에 대한 원산지 특이적인 분자 마커를 탐색할 목적으로 수행되었다. 결과적으로 중국산 녹용으로부터 약 60~70 bp의 결실 부위를 확인하고 이들 부위를 특이적으로 확인할 수 있는 PCR법을 통해서 중국산 녹용의 정확한 감별 가능성을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 미토콘드리아 DNA 유래의 유전자들에 대한 염기서열 분석과 이를 이용한 PCR 동정법이 녹용의 원산지 감별에 적용될 수 있음을 보여주는 사례라 생각된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2009

닭의 품종 기원을 결정하거나 유전적 변이의 정도를 확인 하는데 미토콘드리아 DNA D-loop 염기서열을 이용하여 오고 있다. 본 연구는 한국재래계 갈색종과 흑색종, 로드아일랜드레드종, 코니쉬종의 4품종 41개체의 염기서열을 분석함으로 품종간의 유전적 연관관계를 확인하였다. 그 결과 총 10개의 haplotype를 확인할 수 있었으며, haplotype 1과 2는 가장 많은 수인 8개체씩이 포함되었다. 계통도 분석을 통해 한국재래계 흑색종과 갈색종은 haplotype 2를 모두 가지고 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이 haplotype은 적색야계와 유전적으로 가깝게 위치한 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 D-loop 염기서열 변이가 품종 판별 마커로 이용 가능성이 있는지 확인하였다. 그 결과 여러 단일염기다형 마커의 조합으로 품종의 구분이 가능할 것으로 추정되며, 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 이 연구의 결과는 한국재래계의 보존 및 육종계획 수립과 더불어 품종판별 마커의 개발의 기초 자료를 제공할 것으로 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2012

$Potato$ $virus$ $X$ (PVX) contains $cis$-acting elements including stem-loop 1 (SL1) RNA at the 5' region; SL1 is conserved among all potexviruses. The SL1 at the positive-sense RNA, SL1(+), is required for PVX RNA replication, cell-to-cell movement, and translation. Previous research demonstrated that SL1(+) RNA also serves as the origin of assembly for encapsidation of PVX RNA. To identify the essential sequences and/or regions for capsid protein (CP) subunit recognition within SL1(+) RNA, we used electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), UV cross-linking, and yeast three-hybrid analyses. The EMSA and UV cross-linking analyses with PVX CP subunits and RNA transcripts corresponding to the SL1(+) RNA showed that the SL1(+) RNA formed complexes with CP subunits. We also conducted EMSA and yeast three-hybrid analyses with RNAs containing various mutations of SL1(+) RNA elements. These analyses indicated that SL1(+) RNA is required for the interaction with PVX CP and that the RNA sequences located at the loop C and tetra loop of the SL1(+) are crucial for CP binding. These results indicate that, in addition to being important for RNA accumulation, the SL1(+) RNA from the 5' region of the PVX genome is also required for specific binding of PVX CP.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 1996

To study the functional roles of dopamine receptors, we decided to raise antibodies against these proteins. To make antigen, we expressed the whole 3rd cytoplasmic loop of dopamine receptors in a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (GST). $For D_2\; and\; D_3$ receptors, it was successful to express and purify fusion proteins for the whole 3rd cytoplasmic loops. However, we could not express the fusion protein for the whole 3rd cytoplasmic loop of $D_4$ dopamine receptor in the bacteria. To study the causes that prevent the bacterial expression of the GST-fusion protein of the 3rd cytoplasmic loop of $D_4$ dopamine receptor, we conducted more detailed studies on $D_4$ dopamine receptor. To locate the region which prevents bacterial expression, we made sequential constructs in the 3rd cytoplasmic loop decreasing the size step by step, and confirmed their expressions in the SDS PAGE. It was found that certain regions of 3rd cytoplasmic loop of $D_4$ dopamine receptor, located in N-terminal side of the 3rd cytoplasmic loop of $D_4$ dopamine receptor suppress the bacterial expression of fusion protein.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2008

우리나라는 전 세계 녹용의 약 80% 이상을 소비하고 있는 양록 대국이나 최근 국내 녹용시장에서의 녹용 둔갑판매 및 불법유통 현상이 문제점으로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 녹용의 종 감별 기술을 개발하고자 현재 국내에서 유통되고 있는 러시아산 원용, 북미산 대록, 국산화용, 중국산 깔깔이 및 알래스카산 순록 등 5종의 대표적인 녹용들을 대상으로 종간 염기서열 변이성이 매우 높은 유전자로 알려져 있는 mt DNA내 cytochrome b 및 D-loop 유전자 영역의 염기서열 분석 및 종간 변이성 비교분석을 수행하였다. 각 녹용시료에서 mt DNA를 분리하고 cytochrome b와 D-loop유전자의 특정 영역을 포함하는 primer를 설계 합성하고 PCR로 증폭한 후 DNA 증폭산물의 염기서열을 분석하여 종간 유전정보의 동일성 여부를 비교한 결과 녹용 종간에 명확한 차이를 보이는 염기서열 부위가 검출되었고 이러한 종간 염기배열 차이에 근거하여 녹용의 종 감별이 가능하였다. 또한, mt DNA cytochrome b유전자에서 종간 특이적 염기서열을 인지하는 두 종류의 제한효소(NlaIV 및 TaqI)을 이용한 PCR-RFLP 기법으로 녹용으로 인정되지 않는 순록의 종 특이적 RFLP 분자표지를 검출하였고 이를 이용하여 녹용과 순록간의 종 판별이 가능하였다. 한편, D-loop 유전자의 특정 영역 염기서열 분석기법을 이용하여 시중에서 러시아산 원용으로 유통되고 있는 녹용 절편 32개를 무작위표본 추출하여 녹용의 종 감별을 조사한 결과 러시아산 원용으로 인정되는 것은 62.5%에 불과하였고 나머지는 중국산 마록(25.0%)과 엘크 및 순록의 아종으로 추정되는 시료도 일부 검출되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 사슴 녹용 mt DNA 유전자의 염기서열 유전정보 변이 차이를 이용한 염기서열 분석법과 특정 제한효소(NlaIV 및 TaqI)를 이용한 PCR-RFLP 기법은 녹용의 과학적인 종 감별과 이를 바탕으로 녹용 원산지의 추정도 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.66-66
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• 2003

In skeletal muscle cells, depolarization of the transverse tubules (T-tubules) results in Ca$\^$2+/ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), leading to elevated cytoplasmic Ca$\^$2+/ and muscle contraction. This process has been known as excitation-contraction coupling (E-C coupling). Several proteins, such as the ryanodine receptor (RyR), triadin, junctin, and calsequestrin (CSQ), have been identified to be involved in the Ca$\^$2＋/ release process. However, the molecular interactions between the SR proteins have not been resolved. In the present study, the mechanisms of interaction between RyRl and triadin have been studied by in vitro protein binding and $\^$45/Ca$\^$2+/ overlay assays. Our data demonstrate that the intraluminal loop II of RyR1 binds to triadin in Ca$\^$2+/-independent manner. Moreover, we could not find any Ca$\^$2+/ binding sites in the loop II region. GST-pull down assay revealed that a KEKE motif of triadin, which was previously identified as a CSQ binding site (Kobayasi et al.,2000 JBC) was also a binding site for RyR1. Our results suggest that the intraluminal loop II of RyR could participate in the RyR-mediated Ca$\^$2+/ release process by offering a direct binding site to luminal triadin.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1637-1643
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• 2011

Korean native chickens are a very valuable chicken population in Korea and their prices are higher than that of commercial broilers. In order to discriminate two commercial Korean native chicken populations (CCP1 and CCP2), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from mitochondrial (mt) DNA D-loop sequences and LEI0258 marker polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region were investigated. A total of 718 birds from nine populations were sampled and 432 mtDNA sequences were obtained. Of these, two commercial Korean native chicken populations (363 birds) were used for investigation of their genetic relationship and breed differentiation. The sequence data classified the chickens into 20 clades, with the largest number of birds represented in clade 1. Analysis of the clade distribution indicated the genetic diversity and relation among the populations. Based on the mtDNA sequence analysis, three selected SNPs from mtDNA polymorphisms were used for the breed identification. The combination of identification probability (Pi) between CCP1 and CCP2 using SNPs from mtDNA and LEI0258 marker polymorphisms was 86.9% and 86.1%, respectively, indicating the utility of these markers for breed identification. The results will be applicable in designing breeding and conservation strategies for the Korean native chicken populations and also used for the development of breed identification markers.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.633-636
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• 2000

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also known as IgE-dependent histamine-releasing factor, is a growth-related tumor protein. Although the primary sequence of rat TCTP does not reveal any recognizable $Ca^{2+}$ -binding motif, previous studies have demonstrated that rat TCTP consisting of 172 amino acids is a $Ca^{2+}$ -binding protein. However. the region of TCTP required for $Ca^{2+}$ interaction has not been mapped to the molecule. Here, we reported that the $Ca^{2+}$ binding region of TCTP which was mapped by using a combination of deletion constructs of rat TCTP and $^{45}Ca^{2+}$-overlay assay. was confined to amino acid residues 81-112. This binding domain did not show any peculiar loop of calcium- binding motif such as CaLB domain and EF hand motif and it seems to be constituted of random coil regions neighboring the a helix. Thus, our data confirm that TCTP is a novel family of $Ca^{2+}$ -binding protein.