• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.254-262
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• 2019

Background: To exploit the ornamental and medicinal purposes of Lonicera harae Makino, L. subsessilis Rehder, L. praeflorens Batalin, and L. insularis Nakai, native to Korea, it is necessary to understand their seed ecology for propagation. In this study, we investigated the seed dormancy type and germination characteristics of seeds of the four Korean native Lonicera species. Results: The seeds of the four Lonicera species imbibed water readily, suggesting that the species do not have physical dormancy. Furthermore, the seeds exhibited underdeveloped embryos with only about 15-25% of the length of the seeds at dispersal. The embryos grew to the critical length with approximately 50-80% of the length of the seeds' development before radicle protrusion. Further, 94.4% and 61.1% of freshly matured seeds of L. insularis and L. harae germinated within 4 weeks after sowing at 15 ℃ and 20 ℃, respectively. Contrarily, L. praeflorens and L. subsessilis seeds did not germinate within 4 weeks under all temperature treatments. At 15 ℃, L. praeflorens seeds started to germinate from 5 weeks and the final germination rate was 51.1% at 13 weeks. At 15 ℃, L. subsessilis seeds started to germinate from 5 weeks after sowing and the final germination rate was 85.6% at 17 weeks after sowing. Embryo growth and germination of L. praeflorens and L. subsessilis occurred at a relatively high temperature (≥ 15 ℃). Conclusions: Overall, L. insularis seeds have only morphological dormancy. The seeds of L. harae have approximately 60% and 40% of morphological dormancy and morphophysiological dormancy, respectively. Contrarily, L. praeflorens and L. subsessilis exhibited non-deep simple-type morphophysiological dormancy that requires relatively high temperature (≥ 15 ℃) for embryo growth and dormancy breaking. The optimum temperature for the germination of seeds of L. insularis, L. harae, L. praeflorens, and L. subsessilis was 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 15 ℃, and 20 ℃, respectively. There was interspecific variation in seed dormancy and germination patterns in the four Lonicera species. The difference in these characteristics within the four Lonicera species could be useful for understanding the seed ecophysiological mechanisms of Lonicera species.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2023

A powdery mildew (Erysiphaceae) has been continuously collected on the leaves of Lonicera harae in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, where this shrub is indigenous. Microscopic examination of the asexual morphs revealed that the current collections are differentiated from the all known Erysiphe species on Lonicera spp. by its longer conidiophores and longer conidia. Although the morphology of the chasmothecia is reminiscent of Erysiphe ehrenbergii and E. lonicerae, the specimens on L. harae differ from them in having smaller ascospores. A phylogenetic tree generated from a combined dataset of the internal transcribed spacer region and 28S rDNA gene sequences demonstrates that sequences obtained from three powdery mildew collections on L. harae clustered together as an independent species clade with high bootstrap values distant from other Erysiphe species on Lonicera, representing a species of its own. Based on morphological differences and molecular-phylogenetic results, the powdery mildew on L. harae is proposed as a new species, Erysiphe lonicerigena, and the holomorph of the fungus is described and illustrated in this study.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.94-96
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• 2010

Crude drug 'InDong(忍冬)' has been used mainly to cure common cold, high fever and gonorrhea. With regard to the botanical origin of InDong, it has been considered to be Lonicera species of Caprifoliaceae, but there was no pharmacognostical conformation on it. To clarify the botanical origin of 'InDong', the anatomical characteristics of the branches of Lonicera species growing wild in Korea, Lonicera japonica and L. japonica forma. chinensis were studied. As a result, it was clarified that InDong was the branches of Lonicera japonica.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-inflammorty properties of herbs via MAPKs such as ERK, p38, JNK. Fifty-one kinds of each herbal medicine, that were extracted with ethanol, were used in the inhibitory assay of cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) and NO. of these, 10 species of herbal medicines, Angelica dahurica, Atractylodes lancea, Cnidium officinale, Duchesnea chrysantha, Oldenlandia diffusa, Lonicera japonica, Paeonia lactiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Rehmannia glutinosa and Rubus coreanus, were screened as potential inhibitors (< $300{\mu}g/mL$) of NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6. Among the 10 species, Lonicera japonica showed potential anti-inflammatory effects Lonicera japonica extract of $200{\mu}g/mL$ inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK. In addition, Lonicera japonica extract at 20 mg/kg increased survival rate from LPS-induced endotoxin shock by 3 fold.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 2015

Lonicera caerulea var. edulis is a rare species found in some alpine region of Korea. Genetic variation in L. caerulea var. edulis has been investigated by examining 161 individuals from six natural populations: Mt. Seorak 1, Mt. Seorak 2, Mt. Jeombong, Mt. Bangtae, Mt. Gyebang, Mt. Halla. The mean genetic diversity for all the six populations was 0.25 (S.I.). The highest genetic diversity was found in Mt. Seorak (S.I.=0.3158) and the lowest was in Mt. Gyebang (S.I.=0.1047). Comparatively low level of genetic diversity was observed (Ae=1.25, P= 64.6%, S.I.=0.25), which is a typical pattern for rare tree species. AMOVA showed exceptionally large proportion of genetic variations both for among populations (34.69%) and within populations (65.31%). Excluding Mt. Gyebang, the genetic variation among and within population was 18.71% and 81.29% respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance is not suitable for geographic relationship. Genetic distance of Mt. Gyebang was most distant from the other populations. Excluding Mt. Gyebang, the genetic identities among the five populations were 0.95 to 0.97, which is very high similarity level of genetic identity. This low level of genetic variations and the lack of site in nature indicates that Lonicera caerulea var. edulis demanded a serious conservation.

• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2022

Rhytisma lonicericola was identified as a tar spot fungus on Lonicera sp. in 1902, and has since been recorded on several species of Lonicera in China, Japan, and Korea. Most of the previous records of R. lonicericola have been based on a list of disease occurrences in the absence of any formal morphological identification or molecular analyses. Using six newly obtained specimens collected in the past 2 years, we confirmed the tar spot fungus found on L. japonica in Korea as R. lonicericola based on morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. This fungus was distinguished from R. xylostei, another tar spot fungus on Lonicera, by ascospore size and geographical distributions. We present detailed mycological information and, for the first time, DNA sequence data useful for the identification of R. lonicericola.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.203-207
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• 2019

Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the major insect pests causing economic damages to over 900 different crops in the world. Especially, B. tabaci JpL (L. japonica) is known as a species living only in Japan and Korea so far, and mainly in Lonicera japonica and specific plant species. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and spread of B. tabaci JpL on Jeju Island in 2019. Of the total 25 areas surveyed, 1,003 individuals of B. tabaci JpL adults were collected from 24 L. japonica and one Conyza sumatrensis. All populations identified belonged to the JpL species. The result of this study showed that the population of B. tabaci JpL has increased at very high speeds to date compared to the previous reports in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to covering of vine the traffic noise barrier and analyse of their growth characteristics. For the purpose of the experiments, chosen were 28 plants. In January 1996 to December 1998, the nursery seedbeds on the Chonju Arboretum in Korea Highway Corporation were seeding and cutting with those species, and a few species were carried out Honam Highway field experiments. The results are summarized as follows ; The germination ratio of seedbed experiments were Wisteria floribunda(88%), Lonicera japonica(86%), Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Paederia scandens(85%), Celastrus orbiculatus(76%), Clematis terniflora var. denticulata(52%), Clematis mandshurica(44%) respectively. The rooting ratio of cutting experiments were Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium(88%), Parthenocissus quinquefolia(87%), Trachelospermum asiaticum var. asiatica(85%), Kadsura japonica(82%), Hedera rhombea(81%), Euonymus fortunei var. radicans(83%), Trachelospermum jasminoides var. pubescens(80%), Lonicera japonica cv. Aureo-reticulata(80%), Trachelospermum asiaticum var. majus(78%), Euonymus radicans cv. Aureo-marginata(66%), in descending order. As a conclusion, this study shows that the traffic noise barrier was effected by Paederia scandens, Lonicera japonica, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Wisteria floribunda, Parthenocissus tricuspidata in the field experiments and the others were necessary to maintainable management.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2014

Lonicera insularis Nakai (Caprifoliaceae) is Korean endemic plant that lives along the shore of Ulleungdo and Dokdo. The aim of this study is to construct a phylogenetic relationship within six species (L.maackii, L.chrysantha, L.subsessilis, L. harai, L. morrowii) of genus Lonicera L. and Wigela subsessilis as outgroup and intraspecific variation of L. insularis using chloroplast DNA five regions sequences. Sequence analysis revealed that both L. insularis and L. morrowii showed complete homologies in the intergenic regions of trnL-trnF, trnS-trnG, psbM-trnD and matK coding region. However, sequence in the petN-psbM intergenic region showed a single nucleotide difference between both species, thus we designated them as CP01 and CP02. The plants having CP01 are prevalent in the Ulleungdo and Dokdo, while L. insularis and L. morrowii from Ulleungdo and of Dokdo, and Japan have CP02. This confirmed the existence of two cp DNA lineages with different geographical distributions. We can infer the allopatric speciation by geographical barrier. The result will provide the important basal data to study speciation and specie evolution of ocean islands such as Ulleungdo and Dokdo.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2012

This study compared the differences between the Dendranthema boreale and Dendranthema indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure in Korea. More D. boreale distributed than D. indicum to in the place where high elevation and on the surface of low degree slope. Both D. boreale and D. indicum growed well in south-east direction of the slope. The soil pH of D. boreale and D. indicum was 6.1 and 7.1, respectively. Ca, Mg, Na and organic matter content of the soil of D. boreale habitat was significantly lower than that of the D. indicum habitat. There were 102 and 88 taxa, in D. boreale and D. indicum habitat, respectively. Both species generally distributed along with herbs than along with trees. The important species found in D. boreale habitat were Artemisia princeps (57.1%) and Humulus japonicus (33.3%), and the D. indicum habitat were Miscanthus sinensis (42.9%) and Lonicera japonica (38.1%). The D. boreale group was classified into Artemisia princeps, Crepidiastrum denticulatum, Miscanthus sinensis, Humulus japonicus, Pueraria lobata, Lespedeza bicolor, Lonicera japonica and Rubus crataegifolius community. The D. indicum group was classified into Artemisia capillaris, Peucedanum japonicum, Boehmeria pannosa, Pinus thunbergii, Lonicera japonica, Quercus acutissima and Robinia pseudoacacia community. There is a large difference bewteen D. boreale and D. indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure.