• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the isokinetic moment of quadriceps and hamstring strength ratio among women of different ages. The study population consisted of 1,184 women referred to the Health Promotion Center at the S district. All subjects were aged 20 to 69 years old and divided into 5 groups; 20s (n=248), 30s (n=255), 40s (n=248), 50s (n=228), and 60s (n=205). The strength of the knee extensor and flexor, quadriceps, and hamstring of all the participants were assessed at 60 degrees/second with an isokinetic machine. We calculated the peak torque, peak torque %BW (%Body Weight), deficit of peak torque and hamstring/quadriceps ratio of the knee. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA to investigate statistical differences in strength variation between different age groups and were computed by ${\Delta}%$ difference from women in their 20's. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Peak torque of the knee extensor, quadriceps, were significantly reduced in women older than 30, but peak torque of the knee flexor, hamstring, were significantly reduced in women older than 50 compared to women in their 20's. (p<.05). 2. Peak torque %BW of the knee extensor, quadriceps, were significantly reduced in women older than 20, but peak torque %BW of knee flexor, hamstring, were significantly reduced in women older than 40 compared to women in their 30's (p<.05). 3. Compared to the women in their 20's, there was no significant difference among any of the age groups in the deficit of peak torque of the knee extensor and flexor, but the deficit of peak torque of knee extensor among women between 30 and 50showed significant difference within the normal range of deficit. 4. Compared to the women in their 20's, there was no significant difference among any of the age groups in the hamstring/quadriceps ratio These results showed that peak torque, peak torque %BW, deficit of peak torque, and hamstring/quadriceps ratio of the knee were reduced in each age group, but especially among the women over 50. Further longitudinal study may be needed to see if volume of muscle mass and intervention of exercise affect knee strength in spite of aging.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2013

Objectives: To investigate the association between psychological distress and obesity among law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the United States. Methods: Self-reported data on psychological distress based on six key questions were obtained from LEOs who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2010). We used Prochaska's cut-point of a Kessler 6 score ${\geq}5$ for moderate/high mental distress in our analysis. Mean levels of body mass index (BMI) were compared across three levels of psychological distress. Results: The average age of LEOs (n = 929) was 39.3 years; 25% were female. Overall, 8.1% of LEOs had moderate or high psychological distress; 37.5% were obese (BMI ${\geq}30$). Mean BMI increased with increasing psychological distress (no distress, BMI = $27.2kg/m^2$; mild distress, $27.6kg/m^2$; and moderate/high distress, $33.1kg/m^2$; p = 0.016) after adjustment for age, race, income, and education level among female officers only. Physical activity modified the association between psychological distress and BMI but only among male LEOs (interaction p = 0.002). Among male LEOs reporting low physical activity, psychological distress was positively associated with BMI ($30.3kg/m^2$ for no distress, 30.7 for mild distress, 31.8 for moderate/high distress; p = 0.179) after adjustment, but not significantly. This association was not significant among males reporting high physical activity. Conclusion: Mean BMI significantly increased as psychological distress increased among female LEOs. A longitudinal study design may reveal the directionality of this association as well as the potential role that physical activity might play in this association.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.219-239
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze pre-service teachers' perceptions and change on the images about young children. The subjects of this study were 31 students in the early childhood department at a university. It was a longitudinal study conducted for four years. The data regarding the images that students had about young children were collected by having them answer a question. The question was "Young children are... Because of..." Subjects were asked to answer that question when they were freshmen and then, to answer the same question when they were seniors in order to see the change. A content analysis and frequency were conducted. The study of the results could be summarized as follows. Firstly, from their first year to senior year, the images that pre-service teachers perceived such as, vibrant active beings and beings with various characteristics" did not change. However, the images such as "being who was capable of interacting with environments" had changed. And the new image which viewed a child as a being who should be respected emerged. Secondly, the factors that influenced the image changes were based on the experience of working as assistant teachers at an early childhood setting, and practicum. Therefore, a systematic work on assistant teachers should be done and a concept about child-center education should be built.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.537-549
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• 2016

The grate inlets generally were installed to intercept surface runoff on the roads and intercepted flow was drained to the underground sewer system. The equation of interception flow was used to determine the size and spacing of grate inlet on the roads. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the interception capacity of grate inlet. Hydraulic experimental apparatus which can be changed with the longitudinal slopes(2, 4, 6, 8, 10%) of street, the transverse slopes(2, 4, 7, 10%), and the lengths(50, 100, 150cm) of grate inlet was installed for this study. The range of the experimental discharges were calculated with change of road lanes(2, 3, 4) and design frequencies(5, 10, 20, 30year). As the transverse slope increased, it led to the increase of interception capacity at grate inlets. The long lengths of grate inlet with direction of flow increased the interception capacity by the increase of side inflow. On the basis of the hydraulic model experiment results, the empirical equations for calculation of the interception capacity were derived with regression analysis. As a result of comparison with equations, the suggested equation of this study was estimated reasonable one for increased design frequency. Therefore, this study can suggest the basic data for design of drainage facility at road.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3349-3357
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of an integrated nursing curriculum based on simulation with problem-based learning (PBL) by comparing the clinical competence and the self-confidence of newly graduated nurses. A non-equivalent control group post-test design was employed to compare the clinical competence and the self-confidence in the clinical performance examination using standardized patients between 39 newly graduated nurses with the traditional nursing curriculum and 35 with the integrated nursing curriculum. Data analysis involved Fisher's exact test, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and ANCOVA with the SPSS 19.0 program. The total clinical competence mean score graded by the standardized patients was not different between the two groups. However, the total clinical competence mean score graded by faculty was significantly higher in the integrated curriculum group than the traditional curriculum group. The mean self-confidence score was significantly higher in the integrated curriculum group than the traditional curriculum group. Active teaching-learning strategies including simulation or PBL in the nursing curriculum could benefit for nursing students by inducing favorable clinical competence and self-confidence. Longitudinal follow-up studies based on observation are needed to explore the patient outcomes in addition to the learner outcomes in clinical settings.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.139-146
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• 2010

Objectives : To compare the differences between the symptoms and the findings of MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) and x-ray, we studied the patients with neck pain or radiating pain, which has been diagnosed as cervical herniated disc recently. Methods : We randomly selected among the 143 patients with x-ray and cervical spine(C-spine) MRI films who have visited Ja-seng hospital with neck pain and neck and radiating pain from April 1 of 2010 to May 1. We used SPSS 13.0 for windows in analyzing statistical data of study results and the level of significance was below 0.05. Results : 1. There were no significant differences between the presence of radiating pain and the amount of cervical herniation(p>0.05). 2. If the finding of a x-ray showed narrowing, based on MRI findings, the amount of herniation was more severe(p>0.05). 3. There were no significant differences between the presence of radiating pain and the findings of x-ray(p>0.05). 4. Among the 143 cases, which showed findings beside HIVD(herniation of intervertebral disc) were 13 cases. 88 cases of straightening(61.5%). 78 cases of uncovertebral joint arthrosis(54.5%). 25 cases of stenosis(17.5%), 13 cases of retrolisthesis(9.1%), 8 cases of osteophyte(6.6%), 4 cases of spondylolisthesis(2.8%), 2 cases of hemangioma(1.4%), 3 cases of OPLL(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament)(2.1%), 2 cases of block vertebrae(1.4%), 2 cases of spondylitis(1.4%), 1 case of kyphosis(0.1) and 1 case of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy(0.1%). Conclusions : The findings from this study suggest that there was no relation between radiating pain and radiological result. On the other hand, diagnosis of x-ray and MRI showed significant relevance. The narrower disc space there were, the severer the state of herniation there existed.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2011

With respect to the trend of highway traffic accident, highway accident is in decline, whileas, the fatality is on an increasing trend. Thus, many efforts to decrease highway traffic accidents and improve the safety, are required. In particular, in case of highway, the management standard by grade for accident black spot is designated. Thus, investing the effect factors by grade for highway traffic accident is required in detail. Thus, in this study, the factors affecting the traffic accidents among the environmental factors based on the graded data for the accident black spot in the applicable section targeting the Seoul-Pusan Express Highway, were reviewed; accident forecasting model which would analyze the characteristics of the accidents for determining the accident grade, was developed. As a result of establishing a model by using Quantification Theory of Type II, considering the characteristics of the dependent and independent variables based on the geometric structure, 'the fixed variable' among the variables relating to the accident, for the variables influencing over the accident grade, 'the type of vans, a chassis and people', 'the trailers, special vehicles and chassis people' and 'the negligence of watching and cloudy weather' were analyzed as common factors, in case of 'horizontal alignment', 'longitudinal slope' and, 'barricade' respectively.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2012

Purpose: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), which is caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, is the most frequent single gene disorder to affect the nervous system. Unidentified bright objects (UBOs) are commonly observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with NF1. However, their clinical and pathologic significance is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between UBOs and cerebral glucose metabolism measured by $^{18}F$-2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ($^{18}F$-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in Korean patients with NF1. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 75 patients (34 males and 41 females) with NF1 who underwent brain MRI and PET between 2005 and 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical data including demographics, neurological symptoms, and brain MRI and PET findings, were reviewed. Results: UBOs were detected in the brain MRI scans of 31 patients (41%). The region most frequently affected by UBOs was the basal ganglia. The most frequent brain PET finding was thalamic glucose hypometabolism (45/75, 60%). Of the 31 patients with UBOs, 26 had thalamic glucose hypometabolism on brain PET, but the other 5 had normal brain PET findings. Conversely, of the 45 patients with thalamic glucose hypometabolism on brain PET, 26 showed UBOs on their brain MRI scans, but 19 had normal findings on brain MRI scans. Conclusion: UBOs on brain MRI scans and thalamic glucose hypometabolism on PET appear to be 2 distinctive features of NF1 rather than correlated symptoms. Because the clinical significance of these abnormal imaging findings remains unclear, a longitudinal follow-up study of changes in clinical manifestations and imaging findings is necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.349-357
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• 2020

This study aimed to examine the effects of self-rated health on life satisfaction among Korean babyboomers and to address the mediating effect of depression on the self-rated health-life satisfaction relationship. Further, this study attempted to identify any relationship between self-rated health, depression, and life satisfaction among babyboomers according to work status. Researchers conducted a secondary data analysis using the 6th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging. The final sample was 2,479 babyboomers born between 1955 and 1963. Testing the mediating effect of depression was done by the significance of direct, indirect, and total effects. Researchers also compared an unconstrained model with constrained model for multiple group analysis. Results indicate that self-rated health was a significant factor in determining the life satisfaction of babyboomers. In addition, depression had a significant mediating effect on the self-rated health and life satisfaction of babyboomers. Multiple group analysis demonstrated, in the non-working babyboomer model, the effects of self-rated health and depression on life satisfaction, and the effect of depression on life satisfaction was stronger than that of the working babyboomer model. The results of this study have established the importance of health and working status in addressing depression and life satisfaction among babyboomers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.520-526
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• 2020

This study aimed to address the effect of poverty on depression and self-rated health in older adults living alone in Korea. In addition, this study identified the mediating effect of social participation on the poverty-depression and poverty-self-rated health relationships. The researcher conducted a secondary data analysis using the 6th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging. The final sample was 1,093 older adults living alone. Using structural equation modeling, standardized coefficients of each path were analyzed. Then, the statistical significance of the mediating effect of social participation was addressed via analyzing direct, indirect, and total effects. Results show that older adults under poverty were more depressed and had a lower level of self-rated health than their counterparts. Moreover, frequent participation in religious gatherings, social gatherings, and leisure activities decreased depression in older adults living alone. Moreover, religious gatherings, social gatherings, and alumni meetings were positively related to self-rated health om older adults living alone. Significant mediating effects appeared in poverty-social gathering-depression, poverty-social gathering-self-rated health, and poverty-alumni meeting-self-rated health relationships. Based on the results, the researcher also discussed implications for social work practice.